Progress in 2ka reconstructions in Russia. Olga Solomina Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow

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1 Progress in 2ka reconstructions in Russia Olga Solomina Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow

2 Chronicles, historical data Tree-rings Ice cores Boreholes Lake sediments Available Proxies

3 High resolution chronologies Franz Josef Land Severnaya Zemlya Kola Indigirka Yamal Taimyr Kamchatka East European Plain Polar Urals Crimea Caucasus Tien Shan Altay Tree-rings Lake sediments Ice cores Historical, multi-proxy rec. (at least 2ka long)

4 East European Plain

5 Longest Instrumental Records in the European Russia Mean annual temperature anomalies from averaged for Sankt-Petersbourg, Moscow, Vilnus and Riga Klimenko&Solomina, 2009

6 Temperature anomalies from for Moscow, NW part of the Russian Plain (Sankt-Petersbourg, Riga, Vilnus), and SW part of the Russian Plain (Kiev, Simferopol, Odessa)

7 Mean annual temperature anomalies ( mean) according to the palynological reconstructions

8 Mean annual temperature anomalies reconstructed by palynological data at Usviatsky Mokh peat bog (1) and average mean annual temperature for meteorological stations Riga, Sankt-Petersbourg, Moscow and Vilnius (2) (Klimenko et al., 2001)

9 Mean annual precipitation anomalies from : Comparison of historical, lake sediment and palynological data Averages for 30 years

10 Temperature Reconstructions in the East European Plain Deviations from averaged for decades T,o C Summer Years AD 1.6 Winter! T, o C Years AD

11 Heat waves in Moscow in summer 2010

12 Mean annual temperature deviation from averaged for decades "#$! *#+, - %#& %#' %#%!%#'!%#&!"#$ % $%% '%% (%% &%% "%%% "$%% "'%% "(%% "&%% $%%% ) Years AD

13 Power spectra of the two solar activity records spanning the last 10,000 years Wanner et al., 2009

14 Mean annual precipitation deviation from averaged for decades "#! -./0 mm IX-XI centuries (14C, archeology) $# %# #!%#!$#!"# "## &## '## (## )### ))## )%## )*## )$## )+## )"## )&## )'## )(## %###, Years AD

15 Floating tree-ring chronologies in Moscow region / '") '"( Moscow Kremlin ( ) '"' '!"& pine spruce!"%!"$!"# '&*+ '&++ '&#+ '&$+ '&%+ '&&+,-./ Moscow Kremlin, Medieval layer

16 Central and Southern Urals Mean annual temperature inferred from borehole records Belgorodskaya oblast (Duchkov, Sokolova, 1998)

17 THE NORTH

18 Long tree-ring chronologies in Taimyr (Naurzbaev et al., 2002)

19 Yamal Narrow Rings Yamal Tree-Rings Chronologies Missing Rings Light Rings Frost Rings False Rings Years AD (Khantemirov et al., in press)

20 High resolution climatic reconstructions in the Polar Urals Altitude (m a.s.l.) T anomaly, C umber of moraines Little Ice Age Years AD (Briffa et al., 1995; Shiyatov, 2003; Solomina et al., 2009)

21 Akademii Nauk (Severnaya Zemliya) Ice Core Records Opel et al., 2010

22 Various proxies in the high latitudes Glacier advances Novaya Zemlya Lubinsky et al., 1999 Polyak et al., 2004 Glacier advances FJL MFI, % Melt Features, % Index (T summer) (T Summer) 40.0 Henderson, Indices Tree-rings (T Summer) Taymir Yamal Years AD

23 Low resolution data in the Russian Arctic and Subarctic Solomina, Alverson, 2004

24 MOUNTAINS

25 Belukha glaciers in the late 19 th century High resolution climatic reconstructions in Altay Archeological site (2500 BP) at the Ukok plateau Belukha ice-core records (Eichler et al., 2008)

26 Tree-ring and lake sediments proxies in Altay Teletskoye lake sediments? Ring Width Chronology - T + - P + Years AD (Myglan, in preparation) (Kalugin et al., 2008)

27 Upper tree limit records in Tien Shan Tmjja Tmjja TSH met station 1 D max Tmjja Chksu met 0 station Years Solomina, Maksimova, 2010

28 Lower Tree Limit: Drought Index Reconstruction Q= P1+P0/(T1+T0)/2, Solomina et al.,

29 Spring-Early Summer Precipitation in Crimea P, mm -, Instrumental Saki lake sediments Tree rings Years AD (Solomina et al., 2005)

30 H=5115 m asl Elbrus ice coring campaign in Ice core 182 m long, bedrock reached - Temperature at the bottom - 2.4*C -Solid particle layer (40 cm) at the depth of 107 cm (Mikhalenko et al., in prepapartion)

31 Tree-Ring Density based Warm Season Temperature Reconstruction in Caucasus Temperature, *C Years AD (Dolgova & Solomina 2010)

32 Concluding Remarks

33 Various kind of proxies are successfully used to reconstruct climatic changes in Russia with high resolution, however a lot still can and should be done in respect of spatial coverage of networks, extension of records back in time, development of new methods and approaches, improvement of understanding of proxy-climate relations, application of more sophisticated models for calibration etc.

34 Precise calendar dating in the climatic reconstructions based on high resolution proxies makes it clear that there is a substantial regional variability in temperature and precipitation, which should be better understood and explored with the help of climatic models.

35 Extremely important is the exchange of information and access to the data by potential users within Russia and Worldwide.