Lithospheric Heat Flow and Dynamics!
|
|
|
- Meryl James
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lithospheric Heat Flow and Dynamics!! obvious signals! - heat flow, depth, and geoid height versus age! - does hydrothermal circulation really transport 10 TW?! inferred signals! - lithospheric thickness and strength versus age! - swell-push force and global stress from the geoid! mysterious signals! - details of 3-D plate shrinkage! - are gravity lineaments and volcanic ridges due to lithospheric shrinkage?! - are transform faults thermal contraction cracks?!
2 global heat budget! q s 44 TW conduction q b lithosphere 7.5 TW convection mantle TW convection core 3-13 TW
3 oceanic lithosphere dominates mantle convection!!largest surface area!greatest temperature drop across TBL = largest density contrast!> 1/2 of heat escapes in young oceanic lithosphere q s 44 TW conduction q b lithosphere 7.5 TW convection mantle TW convection core 3-13 TW
4
5 thermal expansion! volumetric expansion!v V = "!T or!# # = $"!T " - the rm al expa ns ion c oeffi cient ~ 3x10-5 C $1 linear expansion!l = " l!t l " l # " 3 thermal stress! develops when!!!("t) # 0
6 obvious signals! - depth versus age! - heat flow versus age! - geoid height versus age!
7
8 !"# L m $ Tdz # m! # w depth vs age! d(t) = d(t)! t 1 / 2 0
9 heat flow vs age! q(t)! 480t "1 / 2 q(t) = k!t!z model = 20 TW data = 10 TW
10 What is the global heat output of the Earth?!!!!!!!How do we interpret this discrepancy?!!a) The other 10 TW is transferred by hydrothermal circulation [Lister, 1972; Williams et al., 1974; Sleep and Wolery, 1978, Anderson and Hobart, 1976; Stein, 1995]!!B) The other 10 TW does not exist and the total heat output from the Earth is < 34 TW [Hofmeister and Criss, 2005].!!!!
11 conservation of energy thermal isostasy! m C P v "T = " q d(t) =!"# m # m! # w Tdz L $ 0 (q b! q u ) = (" m! " w )C p # heat = flow constant X ( v $d) scalar subsidence rate
12 heat flow related to subsidence rate (q b! q u ) = (" m! " w )C p # $A $d $A $A
13 Mueller, personal communication 2006
14 Mueller, personal communication 2006
15 Loyd, Becker, Conrad, Litho-Bertelloni and Corsetti, PNAS, 2007
16 obvious signals - summary! heat flow versus age! surface temperature gradient! noisy, observations << model! depth versus age! integrated temperature! observations = model! geoid height versus age! first moment of temperature! q s (t) = k!t!z d(t) = dominated by mantle geoid, observations ~ model!!" L m $ #Tdz " m! " w 0 N (t) =!2"G# m g L % 0 $Tzdz
17 Inferred signals! - lithospheric strength versus age (see Watts, 2001)! - swell-push force and global stress from the geoid!!
18 Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain Plate kinematics Kauai Plate Mechanics (flexure) Oahu Molokai Maui Hawaii Sandwell & Smith 1997 (offshore) +Woollard et al 1966 (onshore)
19 Gravity anomalies and crustal structure at Oahu/Molokai Watts & ten Brink (1989)
20 Oceanic Crust Estimating T e T e can be estimated by comparing the amplitude and wavelength of the observed gravity anomaly to the predicted anomaly based on an elastic plate model. The minimum in the RMS difference between observed and calculated gravity anomaly indicate a best fit T e ~ 30 km.
21 Topography seaward of the Kuril Trench Distance to bulge ~ km Te ~ 30 km
22 Relationship between oceanic T e and plate and load age Watts & Zhong (2000)
23 Lithospheric Heat Flow and Dynamics!! obvious signals! - heat flow, depth, and geoid height versus age! - does hydrothermal circulation really transport 10 TW?! inferred signals! - lithospheric thickness and strength versus age! - swell-push force and global stress from the geoid! mysterious signals! - details of 3-D plate shrinkage! - are gravity lineaments and volcanic ridges due to lithospheric shrinkage?! - are transform faults thermal contraction cracks?!
Lecture 2: Gravity, Isostasy and Flexure
Lecture 2: Gravity, Isostasy and Flexure Read pages 42-51 in KK&V You can access all of KK&V through ereserves (password: yf160) Homework 1 is due next Thursday Gravity: theory and measurements Newton:
Constraints on lithosphere and mantle rheology from in-situ observations
Constraints on lithosphere and mantle rheology from in-situ observations Shijie Zhong Department of Physics University of Colorado at Boulder Collaborators: Archie Paulson and John Wahr on post-glacial
The influence of short wavelength variations in viscosity on subduction dynamics
1 Introduction Deformation within the earth, driven by mantle convection due primarily to cooling and subduction of oceanic lithosphere, is expressed at every length scale in various geophysical observations.
Civilization exists by geologic consent, subject to change without notice William Durant
89.325 Geology for Engineers Plate Tectonics Civilization exists by geologic consent, subject to change without notice William Durant Properties of the Planets Size Density Distance from sun Chemistry
Gravitational constraints
Gravitational constraints Reading: Fowler p172 187 Gravity anomalies Free-air anomaly: g F = g g( λ ) + δg obs F Corrected for expected variations due to the spheroid elevation above the spheroid Bouguer
(b) What is the amplitude at the altitude of a satellite of 400 km?
Practice final quiz 2015 Geodynamics 2015 1 a) Complete the following table. parameter symbol units temperature T C or K thermal conductivity heat capacity density coefficient of thermal expansion volumetric)
The anomalous high transverse ridge developed along a transform fault. Speaker: Yen-Fu Chen
The anomalous high transverse ridge developed along a transform fault Speaker: Yen-Fu Chen Reference Anne E. Deschamps, Serge E. Lallemand, and Jean-Yves Collot, 1998, A detailed study of the Gagua Ridge:
Seismotectonics of intraplate oceanic regions. Thermal model Strength envelopes Plate forces Seismicity distributions
Seismotectonics of intraplate oceanic regions Thermal model Strength envelopes Plate forces Seismicity distributions Cooling of oceanic lithosphere also increases rock strength and seismic velocity. Thus
Evidence for Plate Tectonics How do we know that the plates move?
Evidence for Plate Tectonics How do we know that the plates move? # 1 Evidence Supporting Continental Drift Although Wegener did not have the answer to how or why the plates were moving, he was able to
Seismic and flexure constraints on lithospheric rheology and their dynamic implications
Seismic and flexure constraints on lithospheric rheology and their dynamic implications Shijie Zhong Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, USA Acknowledgement: A. B. Watts Dept. of
Edge Driven Convection and Iceland
Edge Driven Convection and Iceland Scott D. King Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana One of the alternative hypotheses for hotspot volcanism is Edge-Driven
by west-dipping subduction of the North American Plate
GSA Data Repository 2019133 Supplementary information for Kimberlite magmatism induced by west-dipping subduction of the North American Plate Wenbo Zhang 1*, Stephen T. Johnston 1, and Claire A. Currie
Tectonics. Planets, Moons & Rings 9/11/13 movements of the planet s crust
Tectonics Planets, Moons & Rings 9/11/13 movements of the planet s crust Planetary History Planets formed HOT Denser materials fall to center Planet cools by conduction, convection, radiation to space
MiSP Plate Tectonics Worksheet #2 L3
MiSP Plate Tectonics Worksheet #2 L3 Name Date THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS TECTONIC PLATE MOVEMENT Introduction: (excerpts from Wikipedia and http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/hawaiian.html) The Hawaiian
Geotherms. Reading: Fowler Ch 7. Equilibrium geotherms One layer model
Geotherms Reading: Fowler Ch 7 Equilibrium geotherms One layer model (a) Standard model: k = 2.5 W m -1 C -1 A = 1.25 x 10-6 W m -3 Q moho = 21 x 10-3 W m -2 shallow T-gradient: 30 C km -1 deep T-gradient:
HOMEWORK 3 Draft presentations due November 4 Oral presentations of Group problems, November 6, November 8
HOMEWORK 3 Draft presentations due November 4 Oral presentations of Group problems, November 6, November 8 Group A1 Modeling marine magnetic anomalies Write a Matlab program to generate marine magnetic
Bathymetry of the Pacific Plate and its Implications for Thermal Evolution of Lithosphere and Mantle Dynamics
Bathymetry of the Pacific Plate and its Implications for Thermal Evolution of Lithosphere and Mantle Dynamics Shijie Zhong 1, Michael Ritzwoller 1, Nikolai Shapiro 2, William Landuyt 3, Jinshui Huang 4,
Gravity Tectonics Volcanism Atmosphere Water Winds Chemistry. Planetary Surfaces
Gravity Tectonics Volcanism Atmosphere Water Winds Chemistry Planetary Surfaces Gravity & Rotation Polar flattening caused by rotation is the largest deviation from a sphere for a planet sized object (as
Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Exam Review. Part 1. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle.
Earth and Space Science 2015 Semester 2 Exam Review Part 1 Convection -A form of heat transfer. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle. - Source of heat is from
What Forces Drive Plate Tectonics?
What Forces Drive Plate Tectonics? The tectonic plates are moving, but with varying rates and directions. What hypotheses have been proposed to explain the plate motion? Convection Cells in the Mantle
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Agree or Disagree? 1. The Earth if made up of 4 different layers. 2. The crust (where we live) can be made of either less dense continental crust or the more
OS 1 The Oceans Fall 2007
Name: Plate Tectonics (you must turn Activities 1-2 in during Section) Activity 1: Plate Boundaries A plate boundary simply describes where two plates (either oceanic or continental material) meet. There
Plate Boundaries & Resulting Landforms
Plate Boundaries & Resulting Landforms Divergent Plate Boundaries (plates being pulled apart) Type: oceanic plates Description: rising magma gently lifts the crust creating a ridge. The flow of convection
The map below shows the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes
45 Understanding Plate Boundaries R EA D I N G The map below shows the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes on the earth s surface. Today, many of the world s most active volcanoes are located around
GEOLOGY 101 LABORATORY LAB
Student Name: College: Grade: GEOLOGY 101 LABORATORY LAB Isostasy and Plate Tectonics Understanding and Analyzing Vertical and Horizontal Plate Motion Part I. Density and Isostatic Equilibrium Introduction:
Lithospheric Rheology and Stress, Dynamics of Plate Tectonics, and Long-wavelength Mantle Convection
Lithospheric Rheology and Stress, Dynamics of Plate Tectonics, and Long-wavelength Mantle Convection Shijie Zhong and Xi Liu Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, USA A. B. Watts,
Lecture Outline Friday January 12 Friday January 19, 2018
Lecture Outline Friday January 12 Friday January 19, 2018 Questions?? Key Points for today The structure of the Earth Introduction to Plate Tectonic Theory and Convection Chapter 2 Development of the Plate
LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: LAS POSITAS COLLEGE OCEANOGRAPHY LAB LAB 6 PLATE TECTONICS
LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: LAS POSITAS COLLEGE OCEANOGRAPHY LAB LAB 6 PLATE TECTONICS (Modified from Exercise 4, Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics, Laboratory Exercises in Oceanography, Bernard W. Pipkin
Lab 1: Plate Tectonics April 2, 2009
Name: Lab 1: Plate Tectonics April 2, 2009 Objective: Students will be introduced to the theory of plate tectonics and different styles of plate margins and interactions. Introduction The planet can be
1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
CHAPTER 13 SECTION Volcanoes 1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What three conditions can cause magma to form? What is volcanism? What are
Isostasy and Tectonics Lab Understanding the Nature of Mobile Floating Lithospheric Plates
Isostasy and Tectonics Lab Understanding the Nature of Mobile Floating Lithospheric Plates Crust Mantle Dynamics Introductory Geology Lab Ray Rector - Instructor Isostasy and Tectonics Laboratory Topics
Dynamics of Thermal Boundary Layers and Convective Upwellings
MYRES on Heat, Helium, Hotspots, and Whole Mantle Convection Dynamics of Thermal Boundary Layers and Convective Upwellings Shijie Zhong Department of Physics University of Colorado at Boulder August 2004
Layer Composition Thickness State of Matter
Unit 4.2 Test Review Earth and Its Layers 1. Label the layers of the earth. oceanic crust continental crust lithosphere asthenosphere mantle outer core inner core 2. Complete the Following Table about
Bathymetry of the Pacific Plate and its Implications for Thermal Evolution of Lithosphere and Mantle Dynamics
Bathymetry of the Pacific Plate and its Implications for Thermal Evolution of Lithosphere and Mantle Dynamics Shijie Zhong 1, Michael Ritzwoller 1, Nikolai Shapiro 2, William Landuyt 3, Jinshui Huang 4,
8 th Grade Science Plate Tectonics and Topography Review
8 th Grade Science Plate Tectonics and Topography Review #1 Scientists believe that the land masses of Earth were once joined together as one supercontinent called. A: Australia B: Wegner C: Pangaea D:
Dynamic Earth Quiz. 4. The accompanying diagram shows some features of Earth s crust and upper mantle.
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS Dynamic Earth Quiz DO NOT WRITE ON THIS 1. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below. The diagram shows a model of the relationship between Earth s surface
The thermal and density structure of passive margins
The thermal and density structure of passive margins Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Yuriy Maystrenko, Julia Autin, Hans Jürgen Götze, Sabine Schmidt, Christian Reichert basins in their plate-tectonic setting
Global geophysics and wave propagation
Global geophysics and wave propagation Reading: Fowler p76 83 Remote sensing Geophysical methods Seismology Gravity and bathymetry Magnetics Heat flow Seismology: Directly samples the physical properties
Global Tectonics. Kearey, Philip. Table of Contents ISBN-13: Historical perspective. 2. The interior of the Earth.
Global Tectonics Kearey, Philip ISBN-13: 9781405107778 Table of Contents Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Historical perspective. 1.1 Continental drift. 1.2 Sea floor spreading and the birth of plate tectonics.
Review participation point: The evidence for a fluid outer core is:
DDA1 Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics PS 100 Chapter 28 Review participation point: The evidence for a fluid outer core is: A. Average density of the earth is greater than the density of the crust.
REVIEW: The Setting - Climatology of the Hawaiian Archipelago
REVIEW: The Setting - Climatology of the Hawaiian Archipelago Atmosphere and Ocean 5 facts: NE trade-winds tropical water subtropical gyre Seasonality N S gradients Four dominant swell regimes: north Pacific
5: ABSOLUTE PLATE MOTIONS & HOTSPOTS
5-1 5: ABSOLUTE PLATE MOTIONS & HOTSPOTS 1 Relative motions between plates are most important In some applications important to consider absolute plate motions, those with respect to the deep mantle ABSOLUTE
Total gravitational field is sum of contributions from all masses.
Gravity force (acceleration) vs potential (energy) acceleration (g) => GM/r 2 Potential => - GM/r G is Newton s gravitational constant 6.67x10-11 (S.I. units) you should determine what the S.I. units are
! Force balance around the Andes. N m -1. Andean load ~ N m -1 It must be balanced on both sides
! Force balance around the Andes N m -1. Andean load ~ 10 13 N m -1 It must be balanced on both sides ! Force balance around the Andes Mountain belts balance tectonic forces and reciprocally To the west:
Fracture Zone Flexure
November 16, 2011 Outline 1 Ocean Floor Topography Reality and model 2 3 Assumptions Results Conclusion Ocean Floor Topography Ocean Floor Topography Reality and model Figure: From Geodynamics Turcotte
D DAVID PUBLISHING. Deformation of Mild Steel Plate with Linear Cracks due to Horizontal Compression. 1. Introduction
Journal of Control Science and Engineering 1 (2015) 40-47 doi: 10.17265/2328-2231/2015.01.005 D DAVID PUBLISHING Deformation of Mild Steel Plate with Linear Cracks due to Horizontal Compression Mitsuru
Plate Tectonics A Geologic Revolution
Plate Tectonics A Geologic Revolution Earth s Structure Iron-nickel core Silicate Mantle Mohorovicic Discontinuity Asthenosphere Lithosphere Continental Drift the Great Debate Date Topic or Event Scientist
Yield Strength of the Outer Rise
Yield Strength of the Outer Rise Rachel Munda Yewei Zheng SIO 234 November 27, 2013 Overview Introduction Importance of Yield Strength Moment-Curvature Relationship Elastic Thickness versus Mechanical
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Patterns of intraplate volcanism controlled by asthenospheric shear Clinton P. Conrad 1,,*, Todd A. Bianco 1,, Eugene I. Smith 2, and Paul Wessel 1 1 Department of Geology & Geophysics,
Long-term Crustal Deformation in and around Japan, Simulated by a 3-D Plate Subduction Model
Long-term Crustal Deformation in and around Japan, Simulated by a 3-D Plate Subduction Model Chihiro Hashimoto (1) and Mitsuhiro Matsu ura (2) (1) Institute of Frontier Research for Earth Evolution, Japan
Continuum mechanism: Plates
Observations of plate tectonics imply that the thin near-surface rocks, that constitute the lithosphere, are rigid, and therefore behave elastically on geological time scales. From the observed bending,
Plate Tectonics on a Plane. Observations related to plate tectonics " " Plate tectonic theory types of plate boundaries!
Plate Tectonics on a Plane Scripps Inst. Of Oceanography" Observations related to plate tectonics " Ocean and continent topography, hypsometry, and crustal thickness. Global seismicity, Benioff zones,
TERRESTRIAL HEAT FLOW: Why do we care? What do we (think we) know? What don t we know (and welcome help with)?
TERRESTRIAL HEAT FLOW: Why do we care? What do we (think we) know? What don t we know (and welcome help with)? Carol Stein University of Illinois at Chicago Seth Stein Northwestern University ~20,000 sites
12 Gravity and Topography
12. Gravity and Topography 126 12 Gravity and Topography In the limit of perfect hydrostatic equilibrium, there is an exact relationship between gravity and topography... and no new information emerges:
Plate Tectonics. entirely rock both and rock
Plate Tectonics I. Tectonics A. Tectonic Forces are forces generated from within Earth causing rock to become. B. 1. The study of the origin and arrangement of Earth surface including mountain belts, continents,
MAR110 LECTURE #6 West Coast Earthquakes & Hot Spots
17 September 2007 Lecture 6 West Coast Earthquakes & Hot Spots 1 MAR110 LECTURE #6 West Coast Earthquakes & Hot Spots Figure 6.1 Plate Formation & Subduction Destruction The formation of the ocean crust
3. PLATE TECTONICS LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: PLATES
LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: PLATES 3. PLATE TECTONICS The outer layers of the Earth are divided into the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The division is based on differences in mechanical properties
Introduction. Learning Outcomes. Exercise 1 Plates and Plate Boundaries. GEO 101 The Solid Earth Week 2 Plate Tectonics Lab (25 points)
GEO 101 The Solid Earth Week 2 Plate Tectonics Lab (25 points) Introduction Plate tectonics is a set of related concepts that explains how the Earth works including where and why earthquakes and volcanoes
Plate Tectonics. Continental Drift Sea Floor Spreading Plate Boundaries
Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Sea Floor Spreading Plate Boundaries Continental Drift 1915, Alfred Wegener - Pangea hypothesis: suggested Earth s continents were part of a large super-continent 200
Morphology and Strength of the Pacific Plate Within the Kermadec Trench
29 Chapter 2 Morphology and Strength of the Pacific Plate Within the Kermadec Trench 3 Abstract Compensation of seafloor topography on the subducting Pacific Plate within the Kermadec Trench is analyzed
Unit 4 Lesson 7 Mountain Building
Indiana Standards 7.2.4 Explain how convection currents in the mantle cause lithospheric plates to move causing fast changes like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and slow changes like creation of mountains
Origin of the Oceans II. Earth A Living Planet. Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Plate Tectonics II
Origin of the Oceans II Plate Tectonics II Earth A Living Planet Heat of formation of the planet is trapped at center, gradually escaping Center is nickel and iron Earthquakes and Volcanoes 1 Tracing the
Karl Mueller QUATERNARY RIFT FLANK UPLIFT OF THE PENINSULAR RANGES IN BAJA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BY REMOVAL OF MANTLE LITHOSPHERE
QUATERNARY RIFT FLANK UPLIFT OF THE PENINSULAR RANGES IN BAJA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BY REMOVAL OF MANTLE LITHOSPHERE August 2013 Quaternary Rift Flank Uplift of the Peninsular Ranges in Baja and Southern
TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION ACROSS AN OCEAN FRACTURE ZONE
TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION ACROSS AN OCEAN FRACTURE ZONE Christine Chesley 31 Oct 2016 https://www.britannica.com/science/submarine-fracture-zone OUTLINE Posing the Problem Equation and BCs Solution Visual
SIO 226: Introduction to Marine Geophysics
SIO 226: Introduction to Marine Geophysics Plate Tectonics Dave Chadwell Plate Tectonics, Sea-Floor Spreading and Continental Drift Main Parody Plate Geography Lineated Magnetic Anomalies in the Oceanic
OCN 201 Mantle plumes and hot spots
OCN 201 Mantle plumes and hot spots Question Long-term (>50 million years) changes in sea level are caused by: A. Changes in the volume of water in the ocean B. Changes in the volume of the ocean basins
4 Deforming the Earth s Crust
CHAPTER 7 4 Deforming the Earth s Crust SECTION Plate Tectonics BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What happens when rock is placed under stress?
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2 ND CANADIAN EDITION)
Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics Chapter Summary: Plate tectonics is a theory that suggests Earth's surface is divided into several large plates that change position and size. Intense geologic activity occurs
scale Three-dimensional Modelling
Lithospheric-scale scale Three-dimensional Modelling (Application to the EARS and Plateau) Girma Woldetinsae (Geological Survey of Ethiopia) and H.-J. Götze R. Hackney S. Schmidt (Institut für Geowissenschaften
Marine Science and Oceanography
Marine Science and Oceanography Marine geology- study of the ocean floor Physical oceanography- study of waves, currents, and tides Marine biology study of nature and distribution of marine organisms Chemical
High-Harmonic Geoid Signatures due to Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, Subduction and Seismic Deformation
High-Harmonic Geoid Signatures due to Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, Subduction and Seismic Deformation L.L.A. Vermeersen (1), H. Schotman (1), M.-W. Jansen (1), R. Riva (1) and R. Sabadini (2) (1) DEOS,
Crustal Activity. Plate Tectonics - Plates - Lithosphere - Asthenosphere - Earth s surface consists of a major plates and some minor ones
Name: Date: Period: Tectonics The Physical Setting: Earth Science CLASS NOTES Tectonics - s - Lithosphere - Asthenosphere - Earth s surface consists of a major plates and some minor ones The plates are
NC Earth Science Essential Standards
NC Earth Science Essential Standards EEn. 2.1 Explain how processes and forces affect the Lithosphere. EEn. 2.1.1 Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the Lithosphere.
Geophysical constraints on geodynamic processes at convergent margins: A global perspective
Geophysical constraints on geodynamic processes at convergent margins: A global perspective Gondwana Research, 2015 Irina Artemieva Hans Thybo Alexey Shulgin Univ. Copenhagen, Denmark Univ. Copenhagen,
USU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES
USU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES Observe the world map and each enlargement Pacific Northwest Tibet South America Japan 03.00.a1 South Atlantic Arabian Peninsula Observe features near the Pacific Northwest
10. Paleomagnetism and Polar Wandering Curves.
Map of ocean floor Evidence in Support of the Theory of Plate Tectonics 10. Paleomagnetism and Polar Wandering Curves. The Earth's magnetic field behaves as if there were a bar magnet in the center of
Earth s Structure. Earth has 4 layers. The inner core, outer core, mantle and crust. How do we know???
Earth s Structure Earth has 4 layers. The inner core, outer core, mantle and crust. How do we know??? Adaptive Curriculum Determining Planet Layers from Seismic Waves Earth s Structure Scientists use earthquake
Earth s Continents and Seafloors. GEOL100 Physical Geology Ray Rector - Instructor
Earth s Continents and Seafloors GEOL100 Physical Geology Ray Rector - Instructor OCEAN BASINS and CONTINENTAL PLATFORMS Key Concepts I. Earth s rocky surface covered by of two types of crust Dense, thin,
Full file at
Essentials of Oceanography, 10e (Trujillo/Keller) Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all. A)
Marine Geophysics. Plate tectonics. Dept. of Marine Sciences, Ocean College, Zhejiang University. Nov. 8, 2016
Marine Geophysics Plate tectonics 何小波 Dept. of Marine Sciences, Ocean College, Zhejiang University Nov. 8, 2016 Ocean College (ZJU) Plate tectonics xbhe@zju.edu.cn 1 / 1 Mantle flow and Plate tectonics
Plate Tectonics. 1)The plate tectonic system 2)A theory is born 3) Early evidence for continental drift 4) Continental drift and paleomagnetism
Plate Tectonics Plate boundaries 1)The plate tectonic system 2)A theory is born 3) Early evidence for continental drift 4) Continental drift and paleomagnetism 6)History and future of plate motions system
Constraints on Shallow Low-Viscosity Earth Layers from Future GOCE Data
Constraints on Shallow Low-Viscosity Earth Layers from Future GOCE Data Hugo Schotman 1,2, Bert Vermeersen 2, Pieter Visser 2 1 2 3 rd International GOCE User Workshop, ESA Esrin, 7 November 2006 glacial-isostatic
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 4 main layers: Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core The Crust This is where
Geophysics Departmental Exam: 2004 Part 1
2004 Geophysics Departmental Exam: 2004 Part 1 This section is 90 minutes, closed book, and consists of questions designed to test your knowledge of facts and figures in the geosciences. The focus will
Earth s Magnetic Field Differential Rotation between the inner core and the outer core.
Geology 15 Lecture 7 Schedule: Hazard Update: Review Lecture 6 Activity 2 cont: Plate Boundaries and Their Motions Cover Material/Objectives Plate Tectonics (continued) Earth s Structure Evidence for Continental
Plate Tectonics and the cycling of Earth materials
Plate Tectonics and the cycling of Earth materials Plate tectonics drives the rock cycle: the movement of rocks (and the minerals that comprise them, and the chemical elements that comprise them) from
14.2 Ocean Floor Features Mapping the Ocean Floor
14.2 Ocean Floor Features Mapping the Ocean Floor The ocean floor regions are the continental margins, the ocean basin floor, and the mid-ocean ridge. 14.2 Ocean Floor Features Continental Margins A continental
Topic 12 Review Book Earth s Dynamic Crust and Interior
Topic 12 Review Book Earth s Dynamic Crust and Interior Define the Vocabulary 1. asthenosphere 2. continental crust 3. Convection current 4. Convergent plate boundary 5. Divergent plate boundary 6. earthquake
GRAVITY AND ISOSTASY
GRAVITY AND ISOSTASY Gravity The Geoid is the oblate spheroid -- the sea level surface over the entire Earth's surface Physically, the Geoid is an equipotential surface for gravity (i.e. the surface for
Announcements. Manganese nodule distribution
Announcements Lithospheric plates not as brittle as previously thought ESCI 322 Meet in Env. Studies Bldg Rm 60 at 1 PM on Tuesday One week (Thursday): Quiz on Booth 1994 and discussion. (Lots of odd terms
4 Deforming the Earth s Crust
CHAPTER 7 4 Deforming the Earth s Crust SECTION Plate Tectonics BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What happens when rock is placed under stress?
Plate Tectonics. Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist
Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist Topics Density Structure of Earth Isostasy Sea-Floor Spreading Mechanical Structure of Earth Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics Lithospheric
Plaattektoniek en Mickey Mouse: de bewegingen van de Aarde en de geologie van Marokko. G. Bertotti - TUDelft
Plaattektoniek en Mickey Mouse: de bewegingen van de Aarde en de geologie van Marokko G. Bertotti - TUDelft Moving continents Continent with matching boundaries Same fauna in different continents Similar
Moho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) - boundary between crust and mantle
Earth Layers Dynamic Crust Unit Notes Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust Continental Crust Thicker Less Dense Made of Granite Oceanic Crust Thinner More Dense Made of Basalt Moho (Mohorovicic
SAC Geography Form 2 Chapter 3: Plate Tectonics Topic 3: Plate Movement
What causes an earthquake? Plate movement causes pressure to build up along faults, or breaks, in the earth's crust. When the rocks cannot take any more pressure, the rock layers shift and an earthquake
Focusing of Eruptions by Fracture Wall Erosion
Geophysical Research Letters 28, 1823-1826, 21. Focusing of Eruptions by Fracture Wall Erosion Christoph F. Hieronymus Danish Lithosphere Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark David Bercovici Department of Geology
GEOLOGY 101 LABORATORY LAB
Student Name: College: Grade: GEOLOGY 101 LABORATORY LAB Isostasy and Plate Tectonics Understanding and Analyzing Vertical and Horizontal Plate Motion Part I. Density and Isostatic Equilibrium Introduction:
1. I can describe evidence for continental drift theory (e.g., fossil evidence, mountain belts, paleoglaciation)
Science 10 Review Earth Science Vocabulary asthenosphere continental drift theory converging plates diverging plates earthquakes epicentre fault hot spot inner core lithosphere mantle mantle convection
Variations in oceanic plate bending along the Mariana trench
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 Variations in oceanic plate bending along the Mariana trench Fan Zhang, a,b,c Jian Lin, c,d * and Wenhuan Zhan a a Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea
Name Class Date. Which landforms were formed due to the movement of tectonic plates?
Edit File QUICK LAB Causes of Landforms In this activity, you will implement an investigation using technology in which you make observations about landforms shown on the topographic maps and satellite