A geological perspective for the Central Anatolian ceramic raw materials [Orta Anadolu seramik hammaddelerine jeolojik bir bakış]

Transcription

1 A geological perspective for the Central Anatolian ceramic raw materials [Orta Anadolu seramik hammaddelerine jeolojik bir bakış] Prof. Dr. Ş. Can GENÇ Istanbul Technical University, Dept of Geological Engineering, İstanbul Turkey (Full professor) Kale R & D Department, Çan, Çanakkale Turkey (Part Time Researcher) SAM Ceramic Research Center, Eskişehir Turkey (Part Time Researcher) 1

2 The most abundant minerals in the crust Other silicates Clays Micas Amph Nonsilicates Plg Main ceramic raw materials; * Feldspars (Na- and K-) * Quartz quartzite (Si) * Clays & Kaolin (Al) * Calcite (Ca) * Others (talc, wollastonite, kyanite etc ) Px Qt K-Feld 2

3 Sedimentary Rocks; Quartz sands, Feldspar sands, Sandy clays, Marls, Clays Regional Metamorphic Rocks; Kyanite schists, Migmatites, Albitites Contact Metamorphic Rocks; Wollastonite, calcite marbles Volcanic Rocks; Kaolinized tuffs, Perlites, Rhyolite/rhyodacites Plutonic rocks; Leuco granites, Nepheline syenites Pegmatites & Aplites 3

4 More detailed rock cycle of earth 4

5 Central Anatolia includes several type Metamorphic, Magmatic & Sedimentary rocks. Kırşehir-Niğde-Akdağ metamorphic massifs, Central Anatolian Crystalline comples (Late Cretaceous granites & syenites), Cretaceous to Eocene volcanic rocks (intermediate to acidic rocks), Eocene to Miocene sedimentary rocks Additionally, Cretaceous ophiolitic rocks & Melanges (serpentine, olivine & pyroxene minerals) Lefebvre et al (2011) 5

6 "Central Anatolia" is not used as a geographical term, here. 6

7 Suture belts & tectonic units of Turkey 7

8 & Magmatic belt generation Catlos et al (2013) 8

9 Central Anatolia includes; several type Metamorphic, Magmatic & Sedimentary rocks. Kırşehir-Niğde-Akdağ metamorphics, Central Anatolian Crystalline comples (Late Cretaceous granites & syenites), Cretaceous to Eocene volcanic rocks (intermediate to acidic rocks), Eocene to Miocene sedimentary rocks Additionally, Cretaceous ophiolitic rocks & Melanges (serpentine, olivine & pyroxene minerals) Lefebvre et al (2011) Main ceramic raw materials: Sodium, K & Na + K bearing materials (derivatives of the magmatic rocks), Kaolin & kaolin-like materials, Clays, Quartz quartzites or similar materials, Calcite & Marbles 9

10 YOZGAT YERKÖY SORGUN AREA Akçe (2010) YOZGAT SORGUN YERKÖY All the colored areas represent the magmatic rocks. 10

11 YOZGAT YERKÖY & Surroundings: an example Sarıhacılı granite/monzonite: Potassic raw material 11

12 North of YOZGAT (EVCİ & ALEMDAR) Basaltic dikes Felsic volcanics Rhyolite/rhyodacite lavas & tuffs (Sodic + potassic raw materials / kaolinelike materials) 12

13 KIRŞEHİR KIRIKKALE KAMAN ÇİÇEKDAĞ Area Kırıkkale Çiçekdağ Kaman Different type syenites (inc. Nepheline syenites) Granite & Monzonites Felsic/Acidic volcanics Basic magmatics (Basalt & Gabbro; Melange assoc.) Metamorphic rocks (Marbles, Quartzites, Schists) Lefebvre et al (2011) from MTA Kırşehir 13

14 KAMAN (BAYINDIR) AREA Syenite (potassic + sodic) &Nepheline syenite (Sodic materials without mafic minerals) 14

15 AKSARAY GÜZELYURT AREA Quaternary lava flows L. Pliocene ignimbrites Kaolinitized zone U. Miocene ignimbrites Paleozoic Cretaceous Metamorphic & ophiolitic rocks Pumice ash tuffs Ash-block falls tuffs Kaolinite occurrence & alunite, gypsum Ayhan et al (1988) 15

16 Altered Pumice & pumice-block tuffs Kaolinite; Al 2 O 3 : %23 25 SO 4 is problematic Fired color L: >94 16

17 Silica-rich pumice tuffs Silica source; SiO 2 : > %97 Fired color is very high (L: > 97) 17

18 Altered ash tuffs Bentonitic clays; Al 2 O 3 > %20 Fe 2 O 3 : %3-5 18

19 SİVAS ZARA SUŞEHRİ AREA Başıbüyük et al (2010) Syenite & its alteration products: Kaolinite 19

20 SORGUN CLAYS Data by Yeniçeltek Coal Co.; * Norther side of the basin has no coal, * C / coal-bearing clay horizon * Kaolinite + illite + smectite Yalçin et al (1997) Al 2 O 3 : % 20

21 ÇANKIRI (ORTA) CLAYS MTA Türkmenoğlu et al (1991); Akgün et al (2017) Kaolinite + Smectite + illite 21

22 YOZGAT YENİPAZAR EĞLENCE CLAYS Sayın (2016) Kaolinite ± Halloysite + illite + Smectite (Al 2 O 3 : % 17 35) 22

23 MTA (General Directorate Of Mineral Research And Explorations, TURKEY) ÇANKIRI DATA BENTONITE Şabanözü (Çaparkayı, Hançılı villages), Eldivan (Küçük Hacıbey), Kurşunlu (Beşpınar), Ilgaz (Kızılibrik), Çerkeş (Bayındır) areas CLAY Orta-Sakarcaören area % Al 2 O ton speculative / inferred resource Korgun-Maruf Köy area % Al 2 O 3, % 5 Fe 2 O ton inferred resource REFRACTER CLAYS Korgun area % Al 2 O ton speculative resource for refracter and partly ceramic clays (high to medium refracter clays: ton, inferred) 23

24 CONCLUSIONS Central Anatolia has the different type of magmatic rocks such as granites, monzonites and syenites together with their volcanic equivalents. All of these are important as the feldspar-like (Na-, K- & Na+K) raw materials. Particularly, hydrothermally altered felsic tuffs are the significant source for the kaolin and the other type of clay minerals. Some of the felsic pumice tuffs appear to be silica source. Metamorphic rocks, forming the basement of the region, are rich in calcite/marble and quartz/quartzites. Sedimentary basins rest on the magmatic and metamorphic rocks contain coalbearing clays. These must be investigated in detail on the basis of ceramic raw materials. Neogene sedimentary rocks are high SO 4 contents and contain carbonate, therefore they are not suitable for the ceramic raw materials (FOR TODAY). But, it will be mandatory to use this kind of materials in future. In order to this, either we will change our ceramic production systematics, or tend to "ore enrichment" methods. 24

25 Thank you for your attention Thanks to SERES 18 ORGANIZING COMMITEE YERKÖY YOZGAT ROAD: KAOLIN 25