HYDROTHERMAL RESOURCES OF SOFIA - PRESENTATION

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1 FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPITAL CITY SOFIA MUNICIPALITY PRESENTATION

2 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION OF SOFIA SOFIA is situated in the central part of Southeast Europe and is the crossing point of three pan-european transport corridors N9 N4

3 The City is situated on the Sofia kettle, which is elongated block structure, bounded by the chains of Stara Planina (Balkan) mountain on the north-east and Lyulin-Vitosha-Lozen on the south-west.

4 FOUNDED THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO, SOFIA IS ONE OF THE OLDEST CITIES IN EUROPE WITH MANY HISTORICAL MONUMENTS FROM DIFFERENT ERAS AND CULTURES

5 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS According to archeological data the Thracian tribe Serdi founded the first settlement 2000 years ago around the thermal springs, which are in the very centre of Sofia today The strategic position of the settlement and the curative mineral l water attracted the Romans, who conquered the Thracian settlement in 292 b.c. and turned it into a prosperous roman town Ulpia Serdika The history of the utilization of these mineral waters during the e epochs of Thracians and Romans, the Byzantine Empire and the first, second and third Bulgarian states is a rich and very interesting one. The mineral spring, caught by the Romans during the II century, was used until Artifacts from various historical periods are abundant around the Central Bath, architectural monument from the beginning ng of 20 th century.

6 RESOURCES Sofia is a unique European Capital for its hydrothermal resources from point of view quantity, quality and variety There are 42 identified thermomineral fields with springs, drillings and catchments on the territory of the City and around it, featuring very different characteristics and all the spectrum of renown European types of mineral waters The general capacity of the mineral waters is 480 liters per second with temperatures 30 to 90 C C and MW (megawatts) of geothermal energy

7 MASTER PLAN STUDIES The new Master Plan of the City of Sofia contains an extensive study analyzing the characteristics, typology and the territorial situation of the already found and the potential fields of thermomineral waters, as well as the trends and opportunities for their further use On the base of this analysis was elaborated a strategy and a spatial model for the mineral waters and the earth heat use in Sofia Municipality, giving four main directions: For medicine and cure For wellness and leisure For potable water and drinks For heating as renewable energy resource

8 HYDROTHERMAL ZONING BY TYPES OF WATER

9 HYDROTHERMAL ZONING OF SOFIA MUNICIPALITY 1. ZONE WITH SPORADIC FIELDS OF LOW-MINERAL ALKALI HYDROTHEMS Forming and containing rock layers: volcanic and sediment rocks, aging from the upper cretaceous period. The quality of the mineral water: low mineralization ( gr/l) bicarbonate-sulfate-sodium composition; increased content of silicium (H2SiO3); alkali reaction, temperature 25(30)-50(55) C. 2. LINEAR ZONE WITH SPORADIC FIELDS OF THERMAL WATERS OF ALKALI-SOIL TYPE Forming and containing rock layers: linear line of dislocated and karstified conglomerates formed of limestone and dolomites with a Triassic era age. The quality of the mineral water: mineralization 0,4-1 (1,2) g/l, bicarbonate calcium magnesium or bicarbonate sulphate calcium sodium composition with a neutral reaction; temperature 25(30)-50(55) C. 3. ARTESIAN ZONE WITH THERMOMINERAL WATERS WITH INCREASED BICARBONATE (SODA) MINERALIZATION Containing rock layers: sand and marls from the upper cretaceous period and layers of neogenous sands between them, gravels and sand layers with depth of laying more than meters. Quality of the water: 1-2,5 g/l; bicarbonate sodium (soda) composition, increased content of the sulfide sulphur (H2S), fluor, silicon and other components; temperature between 30(35) up to 55, possibly up to 65 C. 4. ZONE WITH SUBTHERMAL KARST WATERS Forming and containing rock layers: artesian laying formed from Karst limestone dolomites and of Trias and upper Jurassic age. Quality of the waters: mineralization 0,4-0,6 g/l; bicarbonate calcium-magnesium (alcal) composition; temperature from 20(25) up to 30(35), probably up to 40 C. The water containing surrounding area: Trias limestone, dolomites and sad remainings over them, covered with layers of sands and graves.

10 HYDROTHERMAL ZONING OF SOFIA MUNICIPALITY 5. ARTESIAN ZONE OF MINERAL WATERS WITH EXOTIC SODA GLAUBER COMPOSITION Quality of the waters: comparatively high mineralization (2,5-4,5 g/l): soda glauber (bicarbonate sulphate sodium) composition; with high content of fluor, lithium, silicon and other elements, and in certain part of the zone with free CO2. 6. ZONE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE WATERS IN KAZICHENE The water containing geological layers: dislocated and crushed blocks of Trias limestone, dolomites and sand layers, covered with neogenous sediments of sand and clay or rocks from the upper-cretaceous period volcano-sediment formation Quality of the waters: mineralization 0,8-1 g/l, bicarbonate alkali composition; with increased content of silicon, Fluor and free CO2; temperatures from up to C. Very Important: impressing of the conductive heating (up to 60 C) o f the waters within the non-deep neogene sand layers from the heat exchange of the Kazichene field 7. PERIPHERY LAYER-ARTESIAN ZONE OF THERMAL WATERS The water containing geological layers: layers and seams of neogene sands, sands and graves on the depth of m Quality of the waters: comparatively low mineralization (0,6-1,5 g/l) bicarbonate-sodium content; content of the sulphide sulphur (H2S) alkali reaction; temperature 30(35)-50(55) C. 8. FRAGMENT OF THE GRANO-DIORITE MASSIVE OF PLANA MOUNTAIN Found fields: near the Zheleznitsa village and the Iskar dam lake ( Shtarkelovo gnezdo ) Quality of the waters: low mineralization (0,3 g/l), bicarbonate-sodium content; alkali reaction, increased content of silicon and fluor; temperature C

11 SOFIA GEOTHERMAL BASIN ZONING BY TEMPERATURE AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE

12 SOFIA GEOTHERMAL BASIN ZONING BY MINERALIZTION OF WATERS

13 SOFIA GEOTHERMAL BASIN TEMPERATURES AT 500M DEPTH

14 SPECIFIC POTENTIALS AND QUANTITIES For curative and prophylactic, aesthetic SPA procedures and services, sports, sufficient quantities can be delivered to up to persons daily, depending on the seasons For practically not limited number of irrigation and drinking procedures and services For daily production of 2 to 3 million liters bottled mineral water and soft drinks based on it For not limited free drinking and pouring of drinkable mineral water For geothermal heating and conditioning of the water-health, recreation and other centers and enterprises with total constructed volume of 1,2-1,8 million cubic meters As strategic reserve of highly pure drinking water for the entire population of the Capital City in extreme and disastrous situations

15 SOFIA GEOTHERMAL BASIN GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTIONS

16 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MINERAL WATERS IN SOFIA MUNICIPALTY

17 TYPES OF HYDROTHERMAL CENTRES PROMOTED BY SOFIA MASTER PLAN OPPORTUNITIES FOR PPP DEVELOPMENTS Traditional balneological centers for healing, rehabilitation, prophylactics and recreation SPA ( Health through water ) centers Country-side water-based centers for treatment, rehabilitation, prophylactics and recreation Urban water-treatment and rehabilitation centers Urban mineral pools and beaches for recreation and sports Intercity hydrothermal centers for prophylactics, recreation and sports Roadside mineral bathing-beaches in the hotels on the incoming highways near the City of Sofia

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19 SOFIA MASTER PLAN FORESEES THE CONSTRUCTIONS OF NEW CENTERS FOR: Balneological treatment and rehabilitation of socially important diseases, with respect to the trend of ageing of society Possibilities for prophylactics and recreation of the healthy people, situated at the foot of the Vitosha mountain /Boyana/ Boyana, Simeonovo/, of the Plana mountain /village of Zheleznitsa/ / and of the Lozen mountain /village of Lozen/.

20 RESORTS WITH STATUTE AND TRADITIONS IN THE BALNEOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES: Bankya Ivanyane Gorna Banya Pancharevo

21 PANCHAREVO resort example The mineral water, which is the main healing factor in the resort, has been used since very ancient times the remnants of Roman walls and basins are an evidence that the springs here were well known, appreciated and used in the Roman epoch. The Master plan of Sofia gives the concept for development of a new balneological center in park environment near Pancharevo lake.

22 PANCHAREVO proposal for a new balneology centre One of the municipal initiatives for PPP

23 PANCHAREVO proposal for a new balneology centre - has to be an exemplary new development with higher than average standards of energy efficiency, with geothermal heating system

24 OVERALL AIMS Revitalisation of the antique hydrothermal culture and traditions, specific for the area of the City of Sofia Implementation of the best technological, economic and social achievements of modern thermalism Original and active forms for more effective use of the heterogeneous mineral waters according to their nature and quality

25 Social and economic effects expected by broader usage of the unique potential of thermomineral waters Richer opportunities for the citizens and the guests of Sofia to be provided with various services, valuable for the health and attractive for everyone Growth and prosperity of tourist business in the City and its suburbs, new jobs New not yet practiced in our country hydrothermal tourist services, attractions and programs with exotic flavour High profitableness of the enterprises, engaged in this type of activities all around the year Establishing of new business and job opportunities for creative professional realization of specialists from different branches - entrepreneurs, scientists, designers, builders, merchants etc.

26 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION