Geosensor Web Enablement in Early Warning Systems for Landslides

Transcription

1 Geosensor Web Enablement in Early Warning Systems for Landslides M.Sc. Kai Walter, Dipl. Ing. Frank Niemeyer, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill Rostock University Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Institute for Management of Rural Areas Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics X 2008

2 BMBF Research project SLEWS: Sensor based Landslide Early Warning System Development of a geoservice infrastructure as basis for early warning systems for landslides by integration of real-time sensors Funding: BMBF Duration: Joint project with: RWTH Aachen BGR, Hannover ScatterWeb GmbH, Berlin Staff at Rostock University: Ralf Bill Frank Niemeyer Kai Walter Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

3 Overview Motivation New Approach Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) Application: Project SLEWS Ad hoc sensor network & sensor fusion Open spatial data infrastructure Customized information distribution Sources Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

4 Motivation People settle in environments endangered by mass movements Landslides in the USA cost approximately $3.5 billion/year Landslides kill between 25 and 50 people/year. [USGS] Sabino Canyon, Arizona, 2006 La Conchita, California, 1995 [USGS] arizona_2006_ event u.s._/sabino_canyon/arizonajuly jpg Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

5 Major types of landslide Block slide Rockfall Topple Creep Debris flow Lateral spread Earthflow Translational- & Rotational landsl. Debris avalanche USGS : Landslide Types and Processes. URL: (rev.: July 2004). Letzter Zugriff am Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

6 Precaution methods Method cost-effectiveness/ reliability Change of land usage low Protective structures moderate Early Warning Systems fair Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

7 Current early warning systems expensive hardware & software highly specialized not open/not standardized (black box) hierarchical accident-sensitive information chain Sensor data Data analysis Information retrieval Emergency plan Emergency services Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

8 Major challenge How to connect sensors, users and information systems in a more generic way? Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

9 New approach Solution: Sensor Web Initiatives Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

10 OGC s vision: Sensor Web Enablement [Botts] Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

11 Sensor Web Enablement Semantic classification of SWE components: Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

12 Sensor Web Enablement SWE service specifications: Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

13 Sensor Web Enablement Specification O&M SensorML TML SOS SPS SAS/WNS Description Observations & Measurements Schema Sensor Model Language Transducer Markup Language Sensor Observations Service Sensor Planning Service Sensor Alert Service/ Web Notification Services Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

14 SLEWS: Basic principles Ad hoc Sensor network Wireless Self deploying Simple installation Sensor fusion Cost reduced detector units Adaptable detector combinations Determine suitable measurement quality Open spatial data infrastructure Service orientated interfaces Modular OGC/SWE based Customized information distribution arbitrary richness of detail Use of arbitrary communication channels Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

15 Ad hoc sensor network & sensor fusion: Layout Wireless ad hoc Geosensor Networks (GSN) for communication Low cost sensors (temperature, humidity, geophysical and acoustic sensors, displacement transducers, GPS modules for location determination, etc.) Geodetic network to locate positions of sensor nodes & deformation analysis GPS for geodetic reference Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

16 Ad hoc sensor network & sensor fusion: Some sensors in proportion Inclinometer (1-axial) Displacement transducer Accelerometer Inclinometer (2-axial) Photo: Hitachi - Hitachi µ-chip - not really a sensor, just passive transponder RFID, containing unique 128b ID, 0.4*0.4 mm Photo: Jason Hill, UCB - UC-Berkeley s SPEC - active sensor node, µc, 3K RAM, 8 bit ADC, proprietary radio interface, 2*2.5 mm Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

17 Ad hoc sensor network & sensor fusion: Sensor requirements Displacement transducer Inclinometer (2-axial) Accelerometer Cost efficient Miniaturized Digital output Easy to install Low power usage (power down/wake up) Adaptable to different hazard scenarios Inclinometer (1-axial) Photo: Hitachi Photo: Jason Hill, UCB Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

18 Ad hoc sensor network & sensor fusion Example of failure mechanisms and instrumentation of different measuring sensors Sensors Falling Topple Rotational & Translational Slides Lateral Spread accelerometer very good good - very good good - very good suitable to only a limited extent - good inclinometer suitable to only a limited extent very good good suitable to only a limited extent displacement transducer very good very good good - very good very good acoustic sensors good good good suitable to only a limited extent - good altimeter very good good good suitable to only a limited extent temperature sensor humidity sensor pore water pressure sensor geophysical sensor suitable to only a limited extent suitable to only a limited extent suitable to only a limited extent suitable to only a limited extent - good suitable to only a limited extent suitable to only a limited extent suitable to only a limited extent suitable to only a limited extent - good GPS good good very good very good good good good good suitable to only a limited extent - good good good suitable to only a limited extent - good UWB suitable to only a limited extent good very good very good Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

19 Ad hoc sensor network & sensor fusion: Wireless ad hoc geosensor network Concept ScatterWeb: Node to send sensor data or receive from other nodes Repeater for long distances Gate send information to data base Gateway Sensor nodes Sensor nodes Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

20 Ad hoc sensor network & sensor fusion ScatterNodes in action ScatterGate, measurement nodes and case in a ruggedized version SensorGIS installation in the Swiss alps Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

21 Ad hoc Sensor Network & Sensor Fusion: Standardization Sensors/Detectors Measurands SensorML/O&M All components expressed in standardized form to support: Technical and semantical interoperability Findability Extensibility Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

22 Spatial data infrastructure (SDI) Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

23 Information distribution XMPP: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

24 Thanks to Sponsor Project partner Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurgeologie und Hydrogeologie RWTH Aachen (LIH) Professur für Geodäsie und Geoinformatik Universität Rostock (GGR) Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) ScatterWeb GmbH Berlin (SWB) Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_

25 Sources (USGS) USGS: Landslide Types and Processes. URL: (rev.: July 2004). Letzter Zugriff am (SLEWS) Arnhardt, C.; Asch, K.; Azzam, R.; Bill, R.; Fernandez-Steeger, T. M.; Homfeld, S. D.; Kallash, A.; Niemeyer, F.; Ritter, H.; Toloczyki, M.; Walter, K.: Sensor based Landslide Early Warning System - SLEWS, Development of a geoservice infrastructure as basis for early warning systems for landslides by integration of real-time sensors. In: Koordinierungsbüro GEOTECHNOLOGIEN: Geotechnologien, Science Report, Early Warning Systems in Earth Management. Potsdam: 2007 (10), S (Botts) Botts, M.: OGC White Paper OGC Sensor Web Enablement: Overview and High Level Architecture. Version 2.0. URL: (rev.: ). OGC r2 Rostock University, Professorship for Geodesy and Geoinformatics EuroSDR_Geosens_