Instru. Hours / Week Core Course II (CC) Practical I Maps and Diagrams

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1 BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI B.Sc. Geography Course Structure under CBCS Pattern (For the candidates admitted from the year onwards) Sem ester I II III IV Title of the Course Instru. Hours / Week Credit Exam Hours Marks Int. Ext. Total Language Course I (LC) English Language Course I (ELC) Core Course I (CC) World Regional Geography Core Course II (CC) Practical I Maps and Diagrams 3 - * First Allied Course I (AC) First Allied Course II (AC) 2 - * General Interest Course (GIC) Computer Application Language Course II (LC) English Language Course II (ELC) Core Course II (CC) - Practical I Maps and Diagrams Core Course III (CC) Climatology First Allied Course II (AC) First Allied Course III (AC) Language Course III (LC) English Language Course - III (ELC) Core Course IV (CC) Geomorphology Core Course V (CC) - Practical - II 4 - * Date Representation and Survey Second Allied Course I (AC) Second Allied Course II (AC) 3 - * Language Course IV (LC) English Language Course IV (ELC) Core Course V (CC) - Practical - II Date Representation and Survey Core Course - VI (CC) Oceanography Core Course VII (CC) Human Geography 3 - ** Second Allied Course II (AC) Second Allied Course - III (AC)

2 V VI Core Course VII (CC) Human Geography Core Course VIII (CC) - Geography of India Core Course IX (CC) - Geography of Resources Core Course X (CC) - Weather Report and 3 - * Projection - Practical Elective Course I (EC) *** Elective Course II (EC) *** Elective Course III (EC) *** Core Course X (CC) - Weather Report and Projection Core Course XI (CC) Principles of Cartography Core Course XII (CC) - Geography of Tamil Nadu Core Course XIII (CC) Geography of Sri Lanka Core Course XIV (CC) - Practical IV Map Interpretation and Remote Sensing Elective Course IV (EC) *** List of Allied Courses : Allied Course I (Any one) Allied Course II (Any one) 1. Applied Statistics 1. History of India from Modern Governments 2. Principles of Economics 3. Travel & Tourism 3. Statistics The Department of Geography will offer the following Elective Courses (ECs) For B.Sc. Geography students Elective Course I. Physical Geography for Competitive Examination Elective Course II. Social Geography for Competitive Examination For other Department students Elective Course III. Biogeography Elective Course IV. Remote Sensing and GIS * Examination at the end of even semester ** Examination at the end of fifth semester *** Choice of the students as per the titles given in the Annexure 2

3 CORE COURSE I WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY 1. Definition of region Physical elements Space relationships Weather and Climate landforms hydrology Natural Vegetation Forest, Grasslands, Desert The associated animal life Salient features of their adaptation. Soil Population economic activities cultural features. 2. World Regions: Major Climatic Regions of the World: - Location and Characteristic Features; Equatorial Region: Highland and lowland regions: Tropical Region; Monsoon, Tropical Grassland and Tropical deserts. 3. Warm Temperate Regions: Mediterranean, Temperate Grasslands, China type. 4. Cool Temperate Regions: British type or Marine West coasts, Siberian type and Laurentian type. 5. Polar Regions: Highland or Ice cap type, Lowland or Tundra type. 1. Oliver H. Heintzelman, Richard M. Highsmith J.R (1965) World Regional Geography Printice Hall of India (P) Ltd. New Delhi. 2. Roger Minshull (1967) Regional Geography: Theory and Practice, Hutchinson University Library, London. 3

4 CORE COURSE II MAPS AND DIAGRAMS 1. Types of Scales Construction of plain, comparative, diagonal scales and time. 2. Measurement of distance, areas, direction and bearing on the maps. Enlargement, reduction and combination of maps manual and mechanical. 3. Representation of relief features contours Interpolation of contours. Methods of showing important landform features by contours. Drawing cross sections and calculations of gradients. 4. Representation of climatic data representation of temperature, rainfall, pressure data construction and significance of climograph Hythergraph Ergograph WindRose diagrams (different types). Rainfall dispersion diagrams for two stations in Tamil Nadu. 1. Monkhouse and Willinson Maps and diagrams Methuen & co London. 2. R.L.Singh Elements of Practical Geography. 3. Raghunandhan Singh Map work and Practical Geography. 4. S. Jaiyachandran Practical Geography (Tamil Edition). 4

5 CORE COURSE III CLIMATOLOGY 1. Definition and Significance of Climatology Climatic Elements Weather and Climate Composition and Structure of Atmosphere Insolation 2. Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Temperature Range of Temperature Diurnal, Seasonal and Annual. 3. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds: Vertical, Horizontal Distribution of Pressure Planetary: Periodic and Local Winds. 4. Atmospheric Moisture Forms of Precipitation and Types of Rainfall Clouds Types Classification Air masses Classification Fronts. 5. Tropical Cyclones Temperate Cyclones and Anticyclones. Climatic Classifications Basis of Koppen s Classification, Types, Distribution, and Characteristics Related Plant and Animal Life. REFERENCES BOOKS: 1. D.S. Lal (1998) Climatology, Chaitanya Publishing House, Allahabad. 2. Dr. K. Kumarasamy et.al Climatology (Tamil Edition). 3. Critchfield. H General Climatology Prentice Hall of India Pvt., Ltd. New Delhi. 4. Mrs. R.Radha Climatology I & II (Tamil Edition) 5

6 CORE COURSE IV GEOMORPHOLOGY 1. Introduction the Nature and Scope of Geomorphology the Solar System and Origin of the Earth (theories need not be taught) Origin of Major Relief Features. 2. The Construction of the Earth Interior the Earth Movements Orogenics and Epirogenic Fold Fault and Joints Wegener s Continental Drift theory Earthquakes and Volcanoes: Types, Distribution and Impacts. 3. Rocks Origin, Types and Classification Weathering and Mass Wasting: Types and Importance 4. Geomorphic Agents and Processes Work of the River as an Agent of Erosion Transportation Deposition and Related Features Produced. 5. Glacial Landscapes in Mountains and Plains Aeolian Landscapes in Deserts Coastal Landscapes in Submerged and Emerged Coastal Tracts Karst Topography UnderGround Water Geysers and Springs. 1. Dr. A. Sivamoorthy Geomorphology (Tamil Edition) TamilNadu Text book society, Chennai. 2. Savindra Singh Geomorphology, Prayag Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad. 3. R.N.Tikka (1998) Physical Geography, Kedar Nath, Ram Nath, Meerut. 4. P. Dayal(1995) Text book of Geomorphology, Shukla Book Depot, Patna. 6

7 CORE COURSE : V DATA REPRESENTATION AND SURVEYING 1. Methods of representing Socio-economic data using Point, Line and Area Symbols and their uses. Representation of Population Data such as growth, distribution, density, sex, literacy etc. 2. Representation of agricultural data production, Transport and distribution. 3. Drawing distributional maps Isopleth, Choropleth, Flow diagram. 4. Surveying: Simple exercise using 1. Chain 2. Prismatic Compass 3. Planetable 4. Dumpy Level 5. Indian Clinometer. 1. Jayachandran. S Practical Geography (Tamil Edition). 2. R.P. Misra & A. Ramesh _ Fundamentals of Cartography. 3. R.L. Singh - Practical Geography Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. 7

8 CORE COURSE VI OCEANOGRAPHY 1. Oceanography: Nature, Scope and Significance Distribution of Land and Sea Hypsometric Curve Surface Configuration of the Ocean Floor, Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, Deep Sea Plains and Oceanic Deeps. 2. Major Relief Features of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean Floor. 3. Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Sea Water Temperature Controls of Salinity, Salinity Variations in Open and Enclosed Seas Density of Sea Water. 4. Dynamics of Ocean Water: a) Currents Factors and General Circulation of Ocean Currents in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean. b) Waves and Tides: Types and Effects 5. Marine Deposits: Classification and Geographic Distribution Coral Reefs: Conditions for Growth, Types. Ocean as a Store House of Resources for the Future. 1. Ramasamy (1970), Oceanography (Tamil Edition), TamilNadu Text Book Society Chennai. 2. Savindra Singh (2002) Physical Geography Prayag. 3. R.C. Sharma and M.Vatal (1995) Oceanography for Geographers, Chitanya Publishing House, Allahabad. 4. B.S. Nagi (1995) Climatology and Oceanography Kedar Nath Ram Nath, Meerut. 5. C. A. King & E. Arnold (1972), Oceanography, London. 6. Dr. Subbiah Oceanography (Tamil Edition). 8

9 CORE COURSE VII HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 1. Scope and Content of Human Geography, Concepts of Determinism, Possibilism and Probabilism. 2. Population Significance of studying the distribution of Population Spatial pattern of distribution Growth of Population Factors of Population Growth Trends of Patterns of Population Growth in Developed and Developing Countries Migration Causes Types Effects and Problems. 3. Settlements Rural and Urban : Types of Rural Settlements, Their Characteristics and Distribution Rural House Types, Characteristics, Association and Distribution Rural Settlements in India and Their Spatial Characteristics. 4. Urban Settlements Definition Site and Situation of Towns Functional Classification of Towns. 5. Urbanisation of the World Problems Emerging from Urbanisation Urbanisation in India. 1. Coh Cheng Leone Human and Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, Delhi. 2. Peripillou A.V, Human Geography, Longman Group Pvt. Ltd. 3. G.T. Trewartha (1969) Geography of Population, World Patterns, John Wiley and Sim Inc, New York. 4. R.L.Singh (1972) Readings in Rural Settlement Geography, Benaras Hindu University, Varanasi. 5. K. Siddhartha and S. Mukharjee (1998) Cities and Urbanisation Systems. 6. Majid Hussain (2000) Human Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaiput. 9

10 CORE COURSE VIII GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA 1. India in the continent of Asia and the World. Major terrain units of India and their characteristics, drainage systems, the Indian Monsoon: Regional and Seasonal variations in climate, climatic divisions, Soil types their characteristics and distribution Forest Resources. 2. Agriculture: Main characteristics and problems of Indian agriculture, Irrigation developments; Regionalization of agriculture in India Major crops Rice and Wheat. 3. Mineral and Power resources: Reserves, Production, People Number, distribution and density and growth. 4. Industry Locational Pattern of Industrial activity, Localization factors and spatial pattern of major industries in India Iron and Steel Ship building automobiles aircraft electronic industries cotton jute chemicals cement Sugar and Paper. 5. Transport and Trade: Regional Geography. Basics for regional division; Macro, Meso and Micro Regional divisions of India. REFERENCE BOOK: 1. Singh Gopal (1970) Geography of India, Atmaram & Sons, New Delhi. 2. Spate, O.H.K and Learmonth A.T.A., 1954 India and Pakistan Methuen & Co., India. 3. Arunachalam.B (1996) Economic Geography of India Bombay. 4. Sharma (1998) Economic and Commercial Geography of India, Vikas Publishing House Private Limited New Delhi. 5. Tiwari, (2002), Geography of India, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad. 10

11 CORE COURSE IX GEOGRAPHY OF RESOURCES 1. Resources Definitions Types Natural and cultural resources - Major features associated with resources utilization and human well being conservation of resources. 2. Agricultural crops distribution production and consumption. A geographic treatment of the following crops Rice, Wheat, cotton, sugarcane, sugar beet, Tea, Coffee and Rubber. Dairy farming Distribution and characteristics fishing factorsdistribution and production. 3. Power resources- Types distribution and production coal, oil and Hydroelectric power Atomic power- Non conventional energy resources Mineral resources-iron ore, Bauxite, Gold and Manganese. 4. Industries and Manufacturing Distribution of Iron and Steel industries Cotton Textiles Sugar Industries Chemical, Aircraft and Machine Tools Automobiles and ship Building Industrial Development and Environment Problems. 5. Transportation Importance Different Modes of Transport Development and Distribution of land, water and air transportations International Trade Trade Balance International Trading Organizations Recent Development. 1. Coh Cheng Leong Economic and Human Geography, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 2. Clawson Marion (Ed) Natural Resources and International development, New York. 3. S.K. Sadhukhan (1994) Economic Geography An Appraisal of Resources, S.Chand & Co, Chennai. 4. K.Khanna & V.K. Gupta (1998) Economic and Commercial Geography Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. 5. G. Venugopal Economic Geography (Tamil Edition), Tamil Nadu Text Book Corporation, Chennai 11

12 CORE COURSE: X WEATHER REPORT AND PROJECTION - PRACTICAL 1 Study of various meteorological signs and symbols Station model. Study and interpretation of weather maps of India for all seasons. 2. Map Projections General Principles Classifications Identifications Transformation Choice of Projections. Construction, Properties, limitations and uses of the following projections Cylinderical: Simple, Equal area and Mercator. 3. Construction Properties, Properties, limitations and uses of the following projections. Conical: One Standard, Two Standard, Bonne s, Polyconic and International projections. 4. Constructions, Properties, limitations and uses of the following projections: Zenithal: Gnomonic, Stereographic, Orthographic, Equidistant, Equal area (Polar cases only) Conventional: Sinusoidal, Mollweide s (Normal cases only), Sinusoidal interrupted and Mollweide interrupted may also be taught. 1. Kellaway George.P: Map Projections Methuen & Co. London. 2. SteersJ.A. Map Projections, University London Press, London. 3. R.L. Singh Practical Geography Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. 4. Jayachandran.S Practical Geography (Tamil Edition). 12

13 CORE COURSE XI PRINCIPLES OF CARTOGRAPHY 1. Cartography Nature, Scope and Content of Cartography Arts and science of Cartography Cartography as system of communication. Maps Classification and their uses. Growth, development and modern trends in Cartography. 2. Cartographic drawing and measuring techniques. Map setting The Earth and system of co-ordinates Base map Compilation and Generalisation Symbolisation Types of Cartographic Symbols Point, Line, area and their uses Qualitative and Quantitative data and generalization. 3. Mapping the relief features, elevation, contours, Hypsometric curves, Slopes, Shading and combined systems. The representation of Physical features Hydrography Coastline surface characteristics Composition, ice and vegetation etc., The representation of artificial features Point, Line and area symbols, International boundaries and boundaries in rivers Representation of place names Standardization of Place names. 4. Map Design and Layout General design problems Principles of Cartographic design and design of map symbols Format. Lettering Lettering Methods, types and characteristic and use of maps. Positioning of letters Geographical names. 5. Map reproduction Process of Map Productions:Non-photographic systems Multiple reproduction processes. Computer application in Cartography Computer mapping. Remote sensing and cartography use of air photographs and satellite imageries in cartography. 1. Misra R.P. and A.P. Ramesh Fundamentals of Cartography, University of Mysore Robinson Elements of Cartography Publisher John Willy and Sons. 3. Keates J.S Cartographic design and Production Publisher Longman Inc. London Raiz Principles of Cartography Publisher Mc. Graw Hill London

14 CORE COURSE XII GEOGRAPHY OF TAMILNADU 1. Location Administrative division Relief features Geology Soil Drainage Weather and Climate Annual Rainfall Seasonal Rainfall Variability of rainfall Cyclonic Depressions and flooding Vegetation Forests and Forest Economy. 2. Agriculture: Cultivated Area Intensity of cropping Crops Cultivation of rice and Sorghum Bajra and Pulses Groundnut and other oil seeds Sugarcane and cotton Agriculture markets Usage of farm machineries in districts Location, Distribution and importance of wild life sanctuaries. 3. Sources of irrigation Extent of irrigation Fisheries Animal Husbandry Livestock Dairy development Poultry development Power, Thermal, Atomic, Hydel, Solar and Wind Power Production and distribution of mineral resources. 4. The industrial scene: Cotton textile Handloom and Power loom industry The design, Printing of textiles, Dyeing Production of silk textiles Chemical and fertilizer industries Production of two wheelers Four Wheelers Body building industries Industrial locations. 5. Distribution and growth of population, Urban and Rural settlements Development of Roads, Railways, Airways and Sea routes Development of post and telecommunications Tourist centers and Tourism Development A General study of Environmental problems and management. 1. Basic resources Atlas of Tamil Nadu Pub: University of Madras 2. TamilNadu Economic Appraisal Pub: Finance Department Govt. of TamilNadu 3. A Geography of India Gopal Singh 4. Publications of TamilNadu Text Book Society, Madras 14

15 5. Sakthi Venkata K.Kumarasamy, (2003) Geography of TamilNadu (Tamil Edition). CORE COURSE: XIII GEOGRAPHY OF SRILANKA 1. Sri Lanka Location, Physiographic Divisions, Climate, Drainage and Soils 2. Forest Resources Major Crops and Livestocks Fisheries. 3. Minerals Industries Transport and Trade. 4. Population Distribution, Age, Sex Religion, Density, Growth and Literacy. 5. Economic development till 1980 Ethic crisis - Natural disaster Negative growth factors. 15

16 CORE COURSE: XIV - PRACTICALS MAP INTERPRETATION AND REMOTE SENSING 1. Study of various conventional signs and symbols used in Indian topographic maps Appreciation and Interpretation of Indian Toposheets. 2. Aerial Photographs Types Elements of Photo Interpretation Aerial Photo Interpretation of Physical and cultural features. 3. Satellite Images Marginal Informations Image Interpretation of Physical and Cultural features. 4. Field Studies: Introduction Procedures and techniques Preparation of field maps Collection of data in the field Report Writing. 1. Raghunandar Singh (1965), Map Work and Practical Geography, Central Book Depot, Allahabad. 2. Singh R.L. and Rana P.B.Singh(1998) Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, Ludhiana. 3. Negi B.S. (1998) Practical Geography, Kedarnath and Ramnath, Meerut. 4. G.H. Dory Map Interpretation Sir Issac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London. 5. K. Ramamurthy Map Interpretation. 6. Jayachandran. S Practical Geography (Tamil Edition). 16

17 ELECTIVE - I PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION 1. General Geography: Nations and Capitals, Geographical locations --- latitude, longitude and time zone, Solar System and Planets. 2. Landforms: Major relief features, External and Internal forces and agents features formed by them, Normal cycle of Erosion. 3. Climatology: Atmosphere, Insolation Temperature, Pressure Wind Humidity Forms of Condensation and Precipitation types and distribution of rainfall Airmass front, cyclones classification of climate: Koppen. 4. Oceanography: Land and Sea distribution Bottom Topography of oceans temperature, salinity, currents, tides, coral reefs, ocean deposits, resources. 5. Biogeography: Elements of biogeography environment, habital and plant- animal association; zoogeography; distribution of major animal groupings; elements of plant geography, distribution of forests and major communities References: 1. Dayal, P., (1990) A Text book of Geomorphology, Shukia Book Depot, Patna, India. 2. Lal, D.S., (1996) Climatology, Allahabad, Chaitanya Publishing House 3. Robinson, H. (1978) Biogeography, ECBS & Mac Donald and Evans, London 4. Strahler. A.H., and Strahler.A.N., (2001) Modern Physical Geography (Fourth Edition), New York; John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 5. Thornbury.W.D., (1954) Principles of Geomorphology, John Wiley and sons, Inc., New York. 6. Worcester, P.G., (1948) A Textbook of Geomorphology, Von Nostrand Reinhold, Company, New York. 17

18 ELECTIVE - II SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION 1. Population World Population distribution, growth factors affecting them. Theories: Malthus, Optimum, Demographic transition, Migration. Settlement Rural, Urban, Site, Situation, Classification, Urbanisation. Regional Studies Concept formal, functional regions, natural, agricultural, industrial and cultural regions of the world. 2. Cartography: Primary and Secondary source of data, Air photo imageries, Maps compilation, generalization. Mapping of socio - economic data, Distribution maps Projection Surveying. 3. Environmental Studies: Man and Environment relationship Determinism, Possibilism, Ecosystem. Nature of hazards impact of population Pollution Conservation. 4.Resource of World and India Resource types Agriculture : Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Tobacco, Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee, Forestry, fisheries; Minerals: Iron ore, Bauxite, Manganese, Mica, Power resources: Coal, Petroleum, Thermal, Hydro, Nuclear, Industries: Cotton Textiles, Suger, Iron, Steel, Ship builders, Automobiles, Engineering; Trans port ; Trade. 5. Geography of India: Location, Relief, Climate, Soil, Population, Urbanisation Tamil Nadu a geographical approach, relief, climate, crops, minerals, industries, population and urbanization. References: 7. Dayal, P., (1990) A Text book of Geomorphology, Shukia Book Depot, Patna, India. 8. Lal, D.S., (1996) Climatology, Allahabad, Chaitanya Publishing House 9. Robinson, H. (1978) Biogeography, ECBS & Mac Donald and Evans, London 10. Strahler. A.H., and Strahler.A.N., (2001) Modern Physical Geography (Fourth Edition), New York; John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 11. Thornbury.W.D., (1954) Principles of Geomorphology, John Wiley and sons, Inc., New York. 12. Worcester, P.G., (1948) A Textbook of Geomorphology, Von Nostrand Reinhold, Company, New York. ***** 18

19 ELECTIVE COURSE III - BIO- GEOGRAPHY 1. Definition, Scope and significance of Biogeography Basic Ecological principles: Darwin s Theory of Evolution Concepts of Biome, Ecotone and Community 2. Natural Region 3. Origin of Fauna and Flora Plant and animal evolution through Geological times Distribution of Plant life on Earth and its relation to Soil types, Climates and Human Practices. 4. Problems of extinction of plant and animal life - Habitat decay and their conservation process of desertification, its consequences and its management principles. Industrial effluent and its effect on fresh water biology management practices, (Special Reference to India.) 5. Major Biomes Tropical Forest Tropical Grassland Temperate Grassland and Tropical deserts. 1. Robinson. H Biogeography, ELBS: Mc Donaldd and Evana, London, Saxena H.M.., Environmental Geography, Rawat, Jaipur. 3. Savindra Singh, Environmental Geography 4. H.S. Mathur, Essentials of Bio Geography, Premier Publisher, Jaipur, ELECTIVE COURSE: IV REMOTE SENSING AND GIS 1. Introduction : Definitions and Concepts History and development of remote sensing - Principles of remote sensing, Types of remote sensing Remote Sensing in India. 2. Sources of Energy Electromagnetic Spectrum Energy interaction with the atmosphere and the surface Aerial Photo Types, Marginal Information, Scale of the Photograph. Satellite Images Marginal Information. 19

20 3. Sensors Platforms Data Products Resolution Photomosaie Elements of Air Photo and Satellite Image interpretation, Interpreting Equipments. 4. Geographical Information System: Components of GIS: Hardware, Software Data: Raster and Vector data. 5. Applications of GIS : Land use and Environmental Planning. 1. Robinson. A.H. Elements of Cartography 6 th Edition (1995) 2. Lillesand T.M & R.N. Kiefer (1987) 2 nd Edition. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. 3. Burrough P.A. (1986) Principles of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources, Clarendon Press, Oxford. 4. Anji Reddy (2001) Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems. 20