Summary of the Key Issues in Space-based Measurements: Identification of Future Needs and Opportunities

Transcription

1 BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQ Summary of the Key Issues in Space-based Measurements: Identification of Future Needs and Opportunities Jean-Christopher LAMBERT Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA) Brussels, Belgium WMO / UNEP Ozone Research Managers, Tenth Meeting, Geneva, March 2017

2 9ORM Recommendations 1. Continuation of limb emission and infrared occultation observations from space 2. [ ] The steady decrease in the number of stations is starting to endanger [ ] our ability to validate satellite data records. 3. Maintain regular, long-term monitoring in key regions for troposphere-stratosphere exchange, and in data poor areas like South America, Africa, Asia 4. Continuation of stratospheric aerosol measurements

3 9ORM Recommendations 5. Increased monitoring effort of other source gases, especially N2O, CH4, and water vapour 6. Measurements of emerging ODS substitutes 7. Monitoring of temperature and trace-gas profiles, especially of dynamical tracers like N2O and SF6, and of ozone and water vapour in the UTLS 8. UV irradiance measurements 10. Implementation of public information services

4 8ORM Recommendation: BUV ozone

5 O 3 PSC NO 2 BrO OClO

6 Regional Atmosphere/Climate Observations Geostationary Air Quality Constellation Courtesy D. Edwards, NCAR Courtesy D. Edwards, NCAR Courtesy D. Edwards, NCAR EUFAR/ESA sponsored campaign over Berlin in April 2016 Courtesy: A. Merlaud, IASB-BIRA

7 9ORM Recommendations 5. Increased monitoring effort of other source gases, especially N2O, CH4, and water vapour 6. Measurements of emerging ODS substitutes 7. Monitoring of temperature and trace-gas profiles, especially of dynamical tracers like N2O and SF6, and of ozone and water vapour in the UTLS 8. UV irradiance measurements 10. Implementation of public information services

8 Greenhouse Gases Missions Current: MOPITT (1999), ACE-FTS (2001), Aqua AIRS (2002), Aura MLS & TES (2004), MetOp-A IASI (2006), GOSAT (2009), MetOp-B IASI (2012), OCO-2 (2014) NASA OCO-2 Today s Aqua AIRS maps of ozone, water vapour, carbone monoxide and temperature Future profile measurements: lidar profile of CH 4 by Merlin (2018+) and ASCENDS (2018+?) Column measurements in : Sentinel-5p, GF-5 GMI, Meteor-M IKFS, TanSat, GF-5 EMI, OCO-3, MetOp-C IASI, GOSAT-2, IASI- NG, Carbonsat, EnvironSat-1/2

9 9ORM Recommendations 1. Continuation of limb emission and infrared occultation observations from space 3. Maintain long-term monitoring in key regions for tropo/stratosphere exchange, and in data poor areas like S. America, Africa, Asia 5. Increased monitoring effort of other source gases, especially N2O, CH4, and water vapour 6. Measurements of emerging ODS substitutes 7. Monitoring of temperature and trace-gas profiles, especially of dynamical tracers like N2O and SF6, and of ozone and water vapour in the UTLS

10 LIMB OCCULTATION Limb & occultation profilers Currently: aging Odin and SABER (2001), ACE (2003), and Aura MLS (2004) OMPS-Limb on NPP-Suomi (2011) and JPSS-2 but not on JPSS-1 Recent: SAGE-III/ISS (2017) ALTIUS accepted in ESA EWP Concepts: ALISS, GACM MLS, CASS-FTS, PREMIER, SMILES-II Limb GAP becomes a reality!!! Networks more than ever crucial for O 3, ODS, GHG and related species monitoring! SOUNDER MISSION S AM II Nimbus 7 S AG E I AE M -B S AG E II E RBS HALO E UARS O RA E URE CA P O AM II S P O T 3 ILAS ADE OS P O AM III S P O T 4 S AGE III M eteor- 3M GOM OS E nvisat S CIAM ACHY E nvisat ILAS -II ADE O S -II ACE FT S S CIS AT -1 ACE M AE S T RO S CIS AT -1 S AG E III IS S LIM S Nimbus 7 S AM S Nimbus 7 UV / V IS / IR S M E LAS O hz ora IS AM S UARS CLAE S UARS M LS UARS S M R O din OS IRIS Odin S AGE III M eteor- 3M S ABE R T IM E D S CIAM ACHY E nvisat M IP AS E nvisat HIRDLS E OS Aura M LS E O S Aura S M ILE S Kibo JE M /IS S O M P S Limb S uomi-np P S AG E III IS S ALT IUS E S A E W P Update 2017 from Lambert and Nakane, NDACC Newsletter 2013, available on s 1980s 1990s 2000s Spectral range: UV / V IS UV t o NIR V IS/ IR IR MW NOW 2010s

11 What we will miss without limb emission satellites

12 Toohey et al., JGR, 2013

13 Toohey et al., JGR, 2013

14 Impact of limb observations on Data Assimilation: Copernicus Atmospheric Service with assimilation of (1) limb profiles: IFS-MOZART and BASCOE and (2) ozone column only: SACADA 10 th ORM, WMO/UNEP, Geneva, CH, March 28-30, 2017 J.-C. Lambert Lefever Space-based et al., Measurements: AMT, 2015 Issues, Needs and Opportunities

15 9ORM Recommendations 1. Continuation of limb emission and infrared occultation observations from space 2. The steady decrease in the number of stations is starting to endanger [ ] our ability to validate satellite data records. 3. Maintain regular, long-term monitoring in key regions for troposphere-stratosphere exchange, and in data poor areas like South America, Africa, Asia 4. Continuation of stratospheric aerosol measurements

16 Continuation of monitoring of stratospheric aerosols relies on OMPS-limb and SAGE-III/ISS. Tropospheric aerosols targeted by many current and future missions From USA report to 9ORM

17 9ORM Recommendations 5. Increased monitoring effort of other source gases, especially N2O, CH4, and water vapour 6. Measurements of emerging ODS substitutes 7. Monitoring of temperature and trace-gas profiles, especially of dynamical tracers like N2O and SF6, and of ozone and water vapour in the UTLS 8. UV irradiance measurements 10. Implementation of public information services

18 SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE SATELLITES ( ) INSTRUMENT MISSION UVS SME SOLST ICE UARS SOLST ICE SORCE SIM SORCE 1ES016 ST S-09 I SOLSPEC ST S-45 I SOSP EURECA SOLSPEC ST S-56 I SOLSPEC ST S-66 I SOLSPEC SOLAR/ISS Total Solar Irradiance SOLSTICE SOLSPEC/ISS

19 9ORM Recommendations 1. Continuation of limb emission and infrared occultation observations from space 2. The steady decrease in the number of stations is starting to endanger [ ] our ability to validate satellite data records. 3. Maintain regular, long-term monitoring in key regions for troposphere-stratosphere exchange, and in data poor areas like South America, Africa, Asia 4. Continuation of stratospheric aerosol measurements

20 Networks optimization for satellite validation Is geographical coverage an objective parameter? Should we also - and better? - consider application domains, like climatic zones, economic areas, natural biotopes, climate impact domains? Satellite missions are designed for air quality, atmos. chemistry, protocol monitoring, O3, climate What about validation? Stratospheric O3D validation differs from climate data validation. What makes the closure of a station an issue for satellite validation? What makes an additional data set a real plus for satellite validation?

21 Coverage of as many atmospheric states as possible Increase n of comparison pairs Provided that data comparisons are meaningful => some locations yield naturally more accurate validation than others owing to natural variability, cloudiness, orography Better, full-range sampling of influence quantities: Solar zenith angle, viewing zenith angle Temperature contrast, ground albedo, clouds Atmospheric temperature, scattering parameters A priori constraints like first guess profile, covariance Level-1 data quality (long-term degradation, diffuser BRDF ) Networks optimization for satellite validation

22 (Under)sampling errors of networks Zonal representativeness of GAW/GO3OS Coldewey-Egbers et al., AMT 2015 Reanalysis: IFS-MOZART for MACC (CAMS) This pattern depends on GO3OS deployment.

23 Networks optimization for satellite validation Lessons learnt Stringent user requirements (1%/decade) level) need for dedicated selection of ground-based (and satellite) reference data Unequal/unstable quality of GB data in several regions Further work needed to improve assessment, expression and communication of data uncertainties (e.g., C3S, LOTUS, TUNER) 1%-level of total ozone and 10%-level validation of tropospheric/utls data require improved treatment of smoothing differences and further inspection of reference data Representativeness of monitoring networks for Level-3/4 validation usually unknown/ignored

24 Cross-sections 9ORM: Laboratory measurements that provide the foundation for satellite retrievals, ground- observations, and model simulations must be continued and the data critically evaluated ACSO effort successful Past NO2 cross-section studies => update? Quality of current spectroscopic databases for molecules of current interest, considering current accuracy requirements?

25 Centralized QA/QC 1. 9ORM need to develop robust automated data submission with centralised processing and QA schemes [ ]. Satellite overpass data should be included with ground station data in the data centre so that initial quality assessments can be performed in near-real time. [ ] Dedicated calibration/algorithm harmonization projects for ground-based measurements (e.g., ESA FRM) and intercomparison campaigns (e.g., CINDI II) supported by space agencies (for optimal satellite validation)

26 Exchange of practices between (semi-)automated validation servers: ICARE (CNES/CNRS/NPDCRC/U. Lille) GECA (ESA, heritage), HARP tools (s[&]t) Multi-TASTE (BIRA-IASB/ESA) NORS (BIRA-IASB/s[&]t/CAMS-84) NPROVS (NOAA) QA4ECV AVS (BIRA-IASB/s[&]t) S-5p MPC/IDAF (KNMI/ESA) S-5p MPC/VDAF (BIRA-IASB/ESA) GAIA-CLIM Virtual Observatory Courtesy A. Meier, EUMETSAT All need fast delivery, common formats and QA/QC of ground-based network data!

27 More on Satellite Missions

28 More on Satellite Missions Committee on Earth Observation Satellites

29 BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQUE BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE AERONOMY BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR RUIMTE-AERONOMIE INSTITUT D AERONOMIE SPATIALE DE BELGIQ THANK YOU! WMO / UNEP Ozone Research Managers, Tenth Meeting, Geneva, March 2017