4. A street address is an example of a. relative position.b. conformality. C. absolute location.d. situation.e. None of the above are correct

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1 Self test 1 Key 1. Spatial interaction is affected by a. mobility, economics, and anticipation.b. the physical environment, the cultural landscape, and the interchange potentials of places.c. distance, accessibility, and connectivity.d. absolute location, spatial parameters, and network design. 2. Since humans are the active agents in human-environmental interactions, people in general a. have no contact with the physical landscape.b. are frequently unmindful of the dangers of inappropriate environmental exploitation. c. are immune from adverse natural events.d. so alter the physical environment that any potential dangers it holds are made harmless or removed totally. 3. The physical characteristics of a place a. determine how people live there. B. are culturally interpreted.c. are unaffected by human use.d. are independent of its absolute location. 4. A street address is an example of a. relative position.b. conformality. C. absolute location.d. situation.e. None of the above are correct 5. Geography as a discipline A. originated in ancient Greek interest in the nature of the universe and the varying character of the known parts of the earth. b. developed as an outgrowth of the "Age of Discovery," beginning in the 15th century.c. developed through a fusion of earlier interests in climatology and sociology.d. was developed in response to a national need to map and describe in American West. 6. As geographers use the term, scale tells us a. the weight of a given commodity.b. the intrinsic character of the object or area studied.c. the relationship between earth distance and map distance.d. the length of a degree of longitude along different parallels. 7. The word geography is derived from Greek words meaning a. human society and the earth.b. the cultural landscape of the earth.c. description of the earth. d. the measurement of the earth.

2 8. Geography differs from disciplines such as geology, meteorology, and cultural anthropology in that it a. involves greater accuracy of measurement of phenomena studied.b. is more precisely defined in terms of the phenomena studied.c. is concerned with more abstract concepts.d. uses data from related disciplines to study spatial relationships. 9. Dr. J. Snow found the source of choleraa. by finding the first case of the disease by tracing back from later victimsb. by mapping the movement of ships across the Atlantic OceanC. by mapping deaths in relation to water pumpsd. by finding the source animal that started this plague 10. Which of the following are correct1. Choropleth maps show data with the use of colour or different tones of grey2. Isopleth maps shows data by the use of lines of constant value3. The interpersonal distance of people on a beach would be constant for every grouping of those people4. We would generally find the population density of people on a beach to be greatest during the low sun angle period of the year5. High population density of people on a beach would always positively correlate with the highest environmental quality of the beach Select the most correct A. Statement(s) 1 and 2 are correctb. Statement(s) 4 and 5 are correctc. Statement(s) 1, 2, 3, and 5 are correctd. Statement(s) 1 and 2 and 3 are correct E. Statement(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are correct 2- Answer Key 1. The scientific method maybe considered a) a book with no words b) to include deductive and inductive methods c) an approach to problem solving d) B and C e) all of the above 2. Models a) represent an object under study b) come in 3 basic types, and in two different flavors c) with one type being Idogabolic d) A and B e) none of the above 3. An hypothesis a) is part of the deductive method b) can only come from a priori visible data

3 c) and an image of the real world are part of the inductive method d) is part of the analogue method e) is one flavor 4. Models come in which three types? a) Iconic, Simple, Complex b) Idogabolic, Simple, Analogue c) Iconic, Analogue, Symbolic d) Idogabolic, Simple, Complex e) Models come in two types Simple and Complex 5. Find the correct statement a) The number of samples needed to sample a population decreases with an increase in population size. b) The confidence curve rises rapidly with sample size. c) The sample size has no effect on the confidence of your study. d) One would have to sample 80% of the population for a confidence rate of 80%. e) both A and B 6. Data collection can be done by a) experimental and normal means3 b) only historical means c) experimental, simple and complex means d) experimental, normative, and historical means e) experimental, normal, and complex means 7. Advantages of the scientific method a) its logical and objective b) can be reproduced c) its mathematical precision d) A and B e) A, B and C 8. The four traditions of geography a) are the area analysis, location, culture -environment, and earth science traditions b) are science, regional, man-land and area studies traditions c) physical, human, regional, and culture -environment traditions d) area studies, earth science, ancient, and modern traditions e) none of the above 9. Environmental determinism Select the correct statements 1. states that people can choose the environment, he wishes to live in. 2. and possibilism are two extreme philosophical points of view.

4 3. states that nature shapes all human culture. 4. was Ellsworth Huntington's point of view. 5. was Paul Vidal de la BlacheÕs point of view From the above statements select the most correct choice below. a) 1, 3, 5 b) 2, 3, 5 c) 1, 2, 5 d) 3, 4, 5 e) 2, 3, Probabilism a) is only used to study the earth science traditions b) is only used to study the area studies traditions c) states that technology is important when looking at the interactions of humans and the environment d) states that human culture and actions are the sole factor affecting the natural environment e) none of the above are correct Self Test 3 Key 1. A map line showing constant compass directions is called a a. conformal line.b. rhumb line.c. equivalent line.d. matrix line.e. isochrone line 2. Every projection has some degree of distortion because A. a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion.b. parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe.c. the grid system is two-dimensional but the earth is threedimensional.d. a sphere is a developable surface. 3. All of the following are key reference points in the grid system EXCEPT the a. North and South Poles.B. polar circumference.c. equator.d. prime meridian. 4. Which one of the following correctly lists the four main properties of maps? a. area, direction, latitude, longitudeb. equivalence, shape, latitude, longitudec. conformality,

5 equivalence, direction, symbolsd. area, shape, distance, direction 5. All of the following statements about small-scale maps are true EXCEPT that they a. give a general idea of the relative locations of major features.b. show significantly less detail than do larger scale maps.c. typically smooth out such features as coastlines and rivers.d. permit the accurate measurement of major features. 6. Which of the following is NOT a way to show a quantity at a point on a map? a. dots b. three-dimensional symbolsc. proportional circlesd. pixels 7. Which of the following is the largest scale? A. 1 : 8,000b. 1 : 24,000c. 1 : 50,000d. 1 : 63,360E. the whole Earth 8. Probably the most often misused projection is a. Goode's Homolosine.b. simple conic. c. gnomonic.d. Mercator. 9. A great circle is formed on the surface of a sphere by a plane that a. is tangent to the poles.b. intersects the surface at two points only.c. passes through the center of the sphere. d. divides the sphere into four equal parts.e. intersects the surface at four points only. 10. The prime meridian a. passes through Greenwich Village, New York.b. is given in nature.c. connects the North and South Poles.d. is parallel to the equator.e. is a line that passes through all capital cities. 11. A map scale of 1 : 25,000 means that a. one centimetre on the map represents 25,000 kilometres on the earth.b. one centimetre on the map represents 25,000 centimetre on the earth.c. one metre on the map represents 25,000 centimetre on the earth.d. one metre on the map represents 25 miles on the earth.e. one metre on the map represents 25 metres on the earth. 12. Which of the following statements about topographic maps is NOT correct? a. They are used by engineers, regional planners, and land use analysts.b. The contour line is the principal device used to indicate elevation.c. They portray the terrain rather than features people have added to the natural landscape.d. Aerial photography is employed to speed up the production process. 13. An equidistant projection A. shows true distance in all directions from one or two central points.b. has parallels and meridians intersecting at right angles.c. shows true directions from a single point to all other points.d. is almost always conformal.

6 14. A map drawn at which of the following scales would show the most detail? a. 1 : 500,000b. 1 : 250,000c. 1 : 63,360D. 1 : 24,000e. at a scale that showed the most named cities. 15. A digital record of geographic information is called a A. geographic database.b. density slice.c. pixel.d. vertical axis. 16. Conic projections are often used to depict hemispheres or small parts of the earth because a. a straight line drawn anywhere on the map is a line of constant compass bearing.b. the cone is the developable surface closest in form to one-half of a globe. c. distances along all standard parallels are true.d. they can be mathematically adjusted to preserve conformality and equivalence. 17. Which one of the following sets of coordinates corresponds with a place on the earth? a. 57N, 191Eb. 108N, 126Wc. 180ND. 34N, 84We. -20N, 220W 4 - Answer Key 1. A contour interval A. is the vertical spacing between contour lines.b. connects points of equal elevation above sea level.c. is a single map in a topographic series.d. heightens the graphic effect of a topographic map.e. both A and B 2. Thermal scanners are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT that they a. sense the heat emitted by objects on earth.b. can operate only in the daytime.c. have been used to detect water pollution.d. do not use photographic film. 3. A map on which one square inch represents an identical number of square miles anywhere on the map is called a. equidistant.b. conformal.c. azimuthal.d. equivalent. 4. If it is 5 p. m. at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, what time is it at 45 W longitude? A. 2 p. m.b. 8 p. m.c. 1 a. m.d. 11 p. m.e. 7 a. m. 5. What is the angle of intersection of all parallels and meridians on the earth? a. 30 degreesb. 45 degreesc. 60 degreesd. 90 degreese. 120 degrees