Habitat for coexistence

Transcription

1 Habitat for coexistence Public Space and living communities in Barcelona: urban shape and social diversity Blanca Gutiérrez Valdivia Centre of Land Policy and Valuations Technical University of Catalonia 13 November 2012, Institüt für Landschatplannung, Wien

2 Introduction Immigration, social coexistence and linving communities in public spaces 1) Analyze the new reality of coexistence in daily relation spaces 2) Show the relevance of public spaces as main space for the creation of coexistence nodes and informal social networks that contribute to improve mutual aid and living in the neighbourhoods 3) Develop methodology based in case studies and in spatial and social analysis

3 Introduction Three facts/characteristics from the Spanish social context to understand this research 1.The arrival and settlement of large inflows of immigrants is a recent phenomenon. 2.The Role of public spaces as relevant place of socialization in Spanish Culture 3.Conflicts in public spaces between immigrant population and Spaniards become a recurring topic in the mass media

4 Introduction Three facts/characteristics from the Spanish social context to understand this research 1.The arrival and settlement of large inflows of immigrants is a recent phenomenon. 2.The Role of public spaces as relevant place of socialization in Spanish Culture 3.Conflicts in public spaces between immigrant population and Spaniards become a recurring topic in the mass media

5 Introduction Immigration is considered to be a major social phenomenon in Spain of the early XXI century. The massive influx of immigrants is a fact that is producing structural and irreversible changes in our cities (Blanco, 2000). Source: National Statistical Institute

6 Introduction This rapid increase of the immigrants has produced important changes in the physical and social configuration of the Spanish cities

7 Introduction Three facts/characteristics from the Spanish social context to understand this research 1.The arrival and settlement of large inflows of immigrants is a recent phenomenon. 2.The Role of public spaces as relevant place of socialization in Spanish Culture 3.Conflicts in public spaces between immigrant population and Spaniards become a recurring topic in the mass media

8 Introduction Public Spaces play a main role as space of leisure and socialization in neighbourhoods where people build social networks of mutual aid This role in social life of people do that the analysis of Public Spaces can work like a kind of thermometer to measure social conflicts in a neighbourhood

9 Introduction Three facts/characteristics from the Spanish social context to understand this research 1.The arrival and settlement of large inflows of immigrants is a recent phenomenon. 2.The Role of public spaces as relevant place of socialization in Spanish Culture 3.Conflicts in public spaces between immigrant population and Spaniards become a recurring topic in the mass media

10 Case Studies L Erm -La Torrassa, L Hospitalet de Llobregat -Congost, Granollers -L Erm, Manlleu Congost La Torrassa

11 Case Studies Percentage of immigrants 2010 Increase of Immigrant Population ,93 35,33 33, ,62 18,36 23,26 23, Barcelona Province Granollers Congost Hospitalet La Torrassa Manlleu L'Erm Congost La Torrassa L'erm Source: National Statistical Institute Source: National Statistical Institute

12 Case Studies La Torrassa Congost L Erm -Tipologia d'edificis molt variada, amb diversitat d'habitatges: blocs, cases baixes, habitatges del tipus corredor -Diferents espais de socialització amb usos heterogenis: parcs i places -Calles vertebren la vida social del barri -Comerç divers Características La Torrassa -La via del tren i el riu actuen com a límits del barri i ho aïllen de la resta del municipi - Tipologia edificatoria en la qual coexisteixen blocs i cases baixes -Places públiques amb gran vitalitat que actuen com a dinamitzadores de la vida social del barri Características Congost -Blocs d habitatges que contrasten amb els habitatges unifamiliars -Bastants espais públics amb una intensitat d'ús heterogènia - Bona connectivitat per als vianants entre espais públics, equipaments i habitatges - Equipaments públics de proximitat que concentren gran part de la vida social del barri Características L'Erm Población Población extranjera (%) ,33 32,75 Población extracomun Principal itaria (%) nacionalidad Índice de Tasa de Superficie masculinidad dependencia km² Ecuador (6,32%) 95,67 47,47 3,09 Población Población extranjera (%) ,93 30,38 Población extracomun Principal itaria (%) nacionalidad Índice de Tasa de Superficie masculinidad dependencia km² Marrueco s (8,80%) 112,27 42,4 5,36 Población Población extranjera (%) ,41 32,3 Población extracomun Principal itaria (%) nacionalidad Índice de Tasa de Superficie masculinidad dependencia km² Marrueco s (27,57%) 109,81 50,57 2,48

13 Method Collect information Methodological Triangulation for get so much information as is possible Bibliographic analysis Qualitative Methodology Quantitative Methodology Three dimensions interrelated: -Physical dimension: Configuration of the neighborhood Public Space, streets, facilities and commercial space. -Functional dimension: Elements of connectivity, nexus, routes and relations -Social dimension: Profile of people who live and walk around, activity and use performed.

14 Method Information Analysis Applied Graphic Tools Qualitative Map 1: Functional outline of the neighborhood as area of living in community. Map 2: Functional outline of the environment, of the public space of relation Map 3: Functional outline of the public space of relation and how it is used. Map 4: Diagram of the dynamics and relationships between uses and functional characteristics of the public space. Quantitative Map 5: distribution of the urban and demographic characteristics

15 Map of the Neighborhood La Torrassa, L Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona (Map source: Google Earth) Tools MAP 1: Neighborhood and areas of living in community

16 Tools Map 2: Space of relation and surrounding area Radio of pedestrian proximity Spaces of relation Parks, plazas, interstitial Streets of intensive pedestrian use Associations in the neighbourhood Neighbourhood scale City scale Province-national scale Everyday facilities Neighbourhood scale City scale Province-national scale Commercial activity Concentrated Scattered Market Topography and accesibility Steep Mild slope Steep slope Stairs Moving staircase Ramp Elevator Funicular Map and images of the Plaza Española and its environment, Neighborhood La Torrassa Location Limits Connection

17 Tools Map 3: Description of space Map and images of Park Erm, Neighborhood Erm, Manlleu

18 Tools Map 4: Users Map of Park Erm, Neighborhood Erm, Manlleu

19 Tools Map 5: Demographic characteristics Map of population distribution by origin, Neighborhood La Torrassa, L Hospitalet de Llobregat (Map source: Google Earth)

20 Results Physical elements that generate coexistence problems -Inadequate or lack of spaces and facilities, which results in competition for their use. -Spaces that generate the perception of insecurity and are underused or used by a dominant group because of their location or configuration. -Deteriorated or poorly maintained and cleaned spaces that generate a feeling of social degradation The park is under construction and has become a territory for groups that trigger conflicts (Native female neighbor and member of the neighborhood association) The other day I met a woman who walked surrounding the neighborhood, because she had fear of crossing the neighborhood to take her children to the youth center (Migrant male neighbor and member of neighborhood association)

21 Results Physical elements that contribute to living in community -Diversity of activities and uses in the public space -Buildings with multiple uses in the ground floor -Urban elements that help social and everyday life -Pedestrian routes that generate networks of everyday-life spaces -Spatial configuration to improve safety perception -Infrastructure for everyday life enough and diverse Local stores become a social center, they are a pulse, a forum of the neighborhood (Native female neighbor, member of the neighborhood association) Benches were used only by guys smoking joints, now they are used by different people. In each space of the square there is a particular group: Spanish, grandmothers, youth (Migrant female neighbor, shopkeeper)

22 Results Characteristics that public spaces and facilities must have to facilitate people s interaction Nearby Sufficient Connected Public Spaces Facilities Maintained Diverse Safe

23 Best urban Practices for living Community Area of intervention: Public Space Name: Plaza Española Area of intervention: Public Space + Social Program Name: Square of Freedom Area of intervention: Facility + Public Space + Social Program Name: Public School Puig I Agut Characteristics Proper: Pertany a la xarxa quotidiana i és part de la història del barri Connectat: amb eixos per als vianants i comercials Segur: accessible i ple de vida al carrer Cuidat: bon manteniment i espai agradable Divers: Diferents persones i activitats Suficient: bona dotació bancs i jocs Characteristics Connectat: espai que dóna accés al barri Segur: obert ampli i accessible Divers: coexisteixen homes i dones de diferents orígens i edats Suficient: el tipus i distribució del mobiliari permet diferents agrupacions Characteristics Connectat: entorn per als vianants millora les connexions des del barri i cap al barri Divers: espai on coincideixen homes i dones de diferents edats i orígens. Obert a altres usos per afavorir la convivència Suficient: àmplia l'oferta d'espais de relació al barri

24 Conclusions The physical configuration of space has an important role for living in community, and in the way people perceive, understand and use public space.. The neighborhood is the everyday life space where people interact and establish neighborhood relations. Sharing everyday life spaces enables contact, interaction and living in community among people of different origins. The diversity of physical spaces allows and fosters social complexity in contrast to uniform spaces that attract homogenous groups. The strengthening of social cohesion is progressive and there are different levels of social cohesion: Segregation Coexistence Interaction Living in Community People are isolated; there is no presence of different groups in the same space Different groups or persons use the same space, whether at the same time or not, but without having any relationship Different groups or persons share the same space with some kind of reciprocity among them Different groups or persons share the same space and also develop activities in companionship

25 Conclusions HABITAT FOR LIVING IN COMMUNITY Living in Community Interaction Coexistence Segregation Condition 1: Spatial limits promote segregation Condition 2: Configuration space that encourages a mix of uses and diversity. Condition 3: Public spaces close to housing and connected. Condition 4: Existence of local entities that develop activities that encourage participation and living in community

26 Conclusions HABITAT FOR LIVING IN COMMUNITY Living in Community Interaction Coexistence Segregation Condition 1: Spatial limits promote segregation Condition 2: Configuration space that encourages a mix of uses and diversity. Condition 3: Public spaces close to housing and connected. Condition 4: Existence of local entities that develop activities that encourage participation and living in community

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