New Evidence and Opportunities for Strategic Spatial Planning in the UK

Transcription

1 New Evidence and Opportunities for Strategic Spatial Planning in the UK Workshop 1: The Future of Competitive European Cities University of Manchester 2 December 2010 EUROPEAN UNION Part-financed by the European Regional Development Fund INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE

2 Case study findings from CAEE project on agglomeration economies in the Barcelona city-region Malcolm C. Burns, Carlos Marmolejo, Josep Roca, Eduardo Chica and Jordi Freixas (CPSV, UPC) and Mariona Tomàs (UB) EUROPEAN UNION Part-financed by the European Regional Development Fund INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE

3 Outline Internal economic geography of the Barcelona city-region Strengths and weaknesses of metropolitan/city regional governance

4 Outline Internal economic geography of the Barcelona city-region Strengths and weaknesses of metropolitan/city regional governance

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6 Madrid and Barcelona = European engines

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8 Spatial extent of the city-region?

9 Barcelona city-region = Barcelona Province (NUTS 3) 7,728 km 2

10 Population ( ) Spain 46,745,807 Catalonia 7,475,420 (16%) Barcelona 5,487,935 (74.31%) Girona 747,782 (10%) Lleida 436,402 (5.84%) Tarragona 803,301 (10.75%) Province of Barcelona Barcelona 1,621,537 (29.55%) L Hospitalet de Llobregat 257,038 (4.68%) Badalona 219,547 (4.00%) Terrassa 210,941 (3.84%) Sabadell 206,493 (3.76 %

11 Population of the city-region 5.5 million inhab. (2009)

12 Locally based workplaces of the city-region 2.1 million (2001)

13 Economically active population (POR) and locally-based workplaces (LTL) ( ) Barcelona city-region Agriculture Industry Const. Services TOTAL POR , , , ,486 1,974, % 39.29% 8.99% 50.18% 100 POR , , ,368 1,350,834 2,139, % 26.60% 9.27% 63.13% 100 LTL , , , ,547 1,732, % 38.31% 7.29% 53.09% 100 LTL , , ,444 1,291,641 2,024, % 27.25% 7.97% 63.80% 100

14 Overall economic change Metropolitan urban region of Barcelona remains the most economically diverse of the seven principal Spanish metropolitan urban regions (followed by Zaragoza, Bilbao, Valencia, Madrid, Sevilla and Málaga). Long tradition of manufacturing activities Increasing importance of service sector and knowledge-based activities

15 Barcelona city-region Concentration of population and employment within a) the Región Metropolitana de Barcelona (164 municipalities) - 3,239 km 2 (42% of the city-region) - 5 million inhabitants (92% of the city-region) million jobs (2001) (92% of the city-region) b) the immediately surrounding built-up area of Barcelona (36 municipalities) [recently recognised as the área metropolitano de Barcelona (Ley 31/2010)] km 2 (8.2% of the city-region) million inhabitants (59% of the city-region) million locally-based jobs (2001) (62% of the city-region)

16 Barcelona city-region

17 Barcelona city-region ( ) characterised by spatial imbalance High concentration of economic activity in central core Low representation of economic activity within the interior of the city-region (exceptions being Manresa, Martorell, Vic and Berga). Interior void of institutions of a supra-municipal nature

18 5 key sectors studied 1) Creative industries (e.g. media, culture, sportive) 2) Financial and business related services (e.g. bank, insurance, finance) 3) Medium-high technological industries (e.g. hardware, precision machinery and medical instruments, advanced electronics) 4) Education and Research and Development + 5) Textile (conventional)

19 Spatial distribution of concentrations of knowledge intensive economic activity

20 Outline Internal economic geography of the Barcelona city-region Strengths and weaknesses of metropolitan/city regional governance

21 Spanish institutional context Central government 17 regional government units (Autonomous Communities) 50 provincial government units 8,113 municipalities

22 Fiscal decentralisation favouring the autonomous communities (since 1978) Share of government expenditure (2004) Central government (52.4%) Regional government (35.1%) Local government (12.5%

23 Metropolitan/city regional governance (1) Absence of a supportive national context providing clarity about patterns of spatial development. Spatial planning a regional responsibility deriving from the recognition of autonomy under the 1978 Spanish Constitution. Legislation and supporting guidance outlining principles of spatial development does exist.

24 Metropolitan/city regional governance (2) Strong technical capacity for strategic analysis and programming, deriving from spatial planning as a regional responsibility. Wide-spread and comprehensive system of regional and sub-regional development plans, in Catalonia

25 Metropolitan/city regional governance (3) Little evidence of metropolitan/cityregional institutions seeking and achieving vertical influence and shaping policy agenda. Indeed ever present complicated relations with Madrid and the seat of central government.

26 Metropolitan/city regional governance (4) Notable absence of a shared and evidencebased metropolitan/city-regional narrative. Narratives exist for the wider region of Catalonia and Barcelona, but not for the city-region.

27 Metropolitan/city regional governance (5) Notable absence of strong political leadership capable of constructing strong horizontal connections across municipal authorities and with other public/private stakeholders Former Corporación Metropolitana de Barcelona (1987) cf. GLC 1986 and paradox of the local development plan

28 Plan General Metropolitano (1976)

29 Metropolitan/city regional governance (5) To date service provider arrangements within core of the city region.

30 Entitat del Medi Ambient Man. de Municipis Entitat del Transport

31 Metropolitan/city regional governance (6) Regional autonomy and accompanying responsibilities all mean that environmental and social implications of pursuing strategic development ambitions are easily recognised.

32 Metropolitan/city regional challenges 1. Rectify the territorial/spatial imbalance 2. Seek the elaboration of a shared cityregion narrative