MIDTERM REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VIENNA PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR LLDCs FOR THE DECADE IN THE EURO ASIAN REGION

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1 MIDTERM REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VIENNA PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR LLDCs FOR THE DECADE IN THE EURO ASIAN REGION February 2019, Bangkok, Thailand Ashish Narayan, ITU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

2 Meet us What we do 3 Sectors Committed to Connecting the World 193 MEMBER STATES +700 INDUSTRY & INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS +150 ACADEMIA MEMBERS ITU at a glance ITU Radiocommunication Coordinating radio frequency spectrum and assigning orbital slots for satellites ITU Standardization Establishing global standards ITU Development Bridging the digital divide MEMBERSHIP

3 Emergency Education Health ICTs are more multi sectoral impacting multiple sectors Agriculture Investment Applications Governance Policy & Regulation IoT, Sensor Networks, GIS, Satellites Universal Broadband Green ICT & E Waste Capacity Building Measurements Transport Electricity Privacy & Security Infrastructure Security SMART SOCIETY Spectrum Management Digital Inclusion Water Standards, Conformity & C&I Interoperability Finance

4 Digital transformation is key to achieving the SDGs.. 17 Sustainable Development Goals 169 Targets

5 Estimates of the Global Market: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020 and 2021

6 Growth in Number of Users of Messaging and Hybrid Networks,

7 Mobile broadband Report: Evolution from LTE to 5G, GSA 865 operators investing in LTE, including pre commitment trials. 681 commercially launched LTE or LTE Advanced networks in 208 countries, including those using LTE for FWA services, as well as 114 LTE TDD (TD LTE) networks launched in 60 countries. 156 commercial VoLTE networks in 76 countries and 229 operators investing in VoLTE in 107 countries. 261 launched networks that are LTE Advanced in 119 countries. Four launched networks that are capable of supporting user equipment (UE) at Cat 18 DL speeds (within limited geographic areas) anticipated commercially launched LTE networks by end 2018 (GSA forecast). 60 NB IoT and 18 LTE M/Cat M1 networks commercially launched with 57 other operators investing in NB IoT and 26 other operators investing in LTE M/Cat M1 in the form of tests, trials or planned deployments. 154 operators that have been engaged in, are engaged in, plan to engage in, or have been licensed to undertake 5G demos, tests or trials of one or more constituent technologies. 67 telecom operators in 39 countries have announced intentions of making 5G available to their customers between 2018 and

8 Mobile broadband speeds Commercial 5G networks are expected to start deployment after 2020 as 5G standards are finalized. By 2025, the GSM Association (GSMA) expects 5G connections to reach 1.1 billion, some 12 per cent of total mobile connections. It also forecasts overall operator revenues to grow at a CAGR of 2.5 per cent, to reach USD 1.3 trillion by 2025.

9 5G: 16 key issues for policy makers to consider

10 5G: 16 key issues for policymakers to consider

11 New drivers: Cloud Computing, IOT, AI, BIG DATA. Internet of Things Big data Source: NCTA. Cloud computing Artificial Intelligence

12 Global ICT Developments and Progress in LLDCs ( ) Progress in LLDCs ( ) The percentage of population covered by at least 3G network grew from 34.5 to The percentage of population covered by a mobile cellular network grew from 84.5 to Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants grew from 63.4 to Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants grew from 11.3 to Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants grew from 1.1 to 2.3. The proportion of individuals using the Internet grew from 15.0 to Fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants slightly decreased from 3.8 to 3.7.

13 Making broadband affordable is very important Fixed broadband services Source: ITU.

14 Affordable High Speed Broadband Connection: Submarine Cable and Satellites Source: Lack of direct access to sea a challenge for LLDCs

15 ITU: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Land Locked Developing Countries (5) Afghanistan Bhutan Lao, PDR Mongolia Nepal Least Developed Countries (12) Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia Lao, PDR Nepal Myanmar Timor Leste Kiribati Solomon Is. Tuvalu Vanuatu Fiji Maldives Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru Tonga Small Islands Developing States (12) PNG Samoa Low Income States (10) D.P.R. Korea India Indonesia Mongolia Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Vietnam The Rest (10) Australia Brunei China/Hong Kong Iran Japan Malaysia New Zealand R.O. Korea Singapore Thailand

16 PP 18 RESOLUTION 30 (REV. DUBAI, 2018) Special measures for the least developed countries, small island developing states, landlocked developing countries and countries with economies in transition WTDC 17 WTDC 17: ITU Asia Pacific Regional Initiative and LLDC RESOLUTION 16 (Rev. Buenos Aires, 2017) Special actions and measures for the least developed countries, small island developing states, landlocked developing countries and countries with economies in transition ASP1: Addressing special needs of least developed countries, small island developing states, including Pacific island countries, and landlocked developing countries Objective: To provide special assistance to least developed countries (LDCs), small island developing states (SIDS), including Pacific island countries, and landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) in order to meet their priority telecommunication/information and communication technology (ICT) requirements. Expected results 1) Development of policy and regulatory frameworks for broadband infrastructure, ICT applications and cybersecurity, taking into account the special needs of LDCs, SIDS and LLDCs, and strengthening of human capacity to address future policy and regulatory challenges. 2) Promotion of universal access to telecommunications/icts in LDCs, SIDS, and LLDCs. 3) Assistance to LDCs, SIDS and LLDCs in adopting telecommunication/ict applications in disaster management, relating to disaster prediction, preparedness, adaptation, monitoring, mitigation, response, rehabilitation and recovery of telecommunication/ict networks based on their priority needs. 4) Assistance to LDCs, SIDS and LLDCs in their efforts to achieve internationally agreed goals, such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Istanbul Programme of Action for LDCs, the Samoa Pathway for SIDS and the Vienna Programme of Action for LLDCs.

17 ITU assistances to LLDCs in Asia Pacific (Examples] Examples Afghanistan Bhutan Lao PDR Mongolia Nepal E agriculture strategy (with FAO), Cybersecurity training, Establishment of Internet Exchange, Mobile apps and Licensing framework training and books for ICTI, Policy on ICT for Persons with Disabilities, Migration from Analogue to Digital Broadcasting: Roadmap for DTTB, Quality of Service Regulation,Establishment of Afghanistan Computer Emergency Response Team (AfCERT): IPv6 and IPv6 Infrastructure Security (with APNIC), National Cybersecurity Strategy, Consumer protection, Mobile apps framework, Compliance Testing of Mobile Base Stations and Broadcast stations, Wireless Broadband Master, Report on Efficient National Spectrum Management, Competition Regulation, E Government framework Cybersecurity, Regulatory framework for OTT, Spectrum Management System for Developing Countries (SMS4DC), Lao language based software platforms, Related capacity building programmes, Localization of ICT Applications and Tools Regulatory framework for digital applications, spectrum management master plan, IPv6 roadmap development (with APNIC), Digital financial services, Network costing training Spectrum management, Cybercrime Legislation for Nepal and ITU INTERPOL UNODC joint training for Nepal Police and Law enforcement agencies, National Cybersecurity Policy and Child Online Protection, Nepal s Telecommunications Regulatory Frameworks, Quality of Service for mobile, fixed and Internet ICT Framework for Persons with Disabilities, Wireless Broadband Master Plan for Nepal and National Broadband Policy

18 Challenges One of the significant challenges of the LLDCs is linked to ICT connectivity. In this regard, ITU UNESCO Broadband Commission for sustainable development estimates that there is a need for a global investment of 450 billion dollars to bring 1.5 billion unconnected people online, which includes LLDCs. Further, the low interest to invest in the ICT sector in LLDCs poses a significant challenge to the furtherance of ICT connectivity in the LLDCs. As connectivity remains a great challenge and is among the reasons why people are not connected, studies have identified the lack of infrastructure to allow access, lack of affordability, the high cost of internet and the lack of digital literacy and content. Other challenges LLDCs face include broadband costs as a share of gross national income much higher in LLDCs than coastal countries close to the submarine communications cable laid on the seabed. Satellite is an option for LLDCs as it is not restricted to the sea. However, the costs of satellite communication are high, and consequently, most of the LLDCs cannot afford this available option. Moreover, high vulnerability to external shocks and lack of effective implementation of ICT plans and policies on the ground remains a challenge.

19 Recommendations Make connectivity an integral part of national sustainable development strategies, by incorporating national broadband plans into national development policies and frameworks in the LLDCs. Improve reporting and infrastructure gap analysis to inform governments and investors better. Increase access to ICTs, facilitated by appropriate policies, legal and regulatory frameworks that favor emerging new technologies that are appropriate, cost effective and more affordable. Establish ICT public private partnerships for viable business models, including long term institutional investors, and encourage those partnerships to allocate a higher percentage of infrastructure in the LLDCs. Improve partnerships between transit countries and landlocked countries. Promote universal service funds. Make ICTs/ broadband more affordable. Encourage infrastructure sharing. Create tax incentives. Promote trade, e commerce and small medium enterprises. Encourage increased ODA.

20 Thank you