SERBIA A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ON EARTH OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES

Transcription

1 A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ON EARTH OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES The first documents registering data on land on the territory of Serbia date back from the period of Medieval Serbian state. These documents are in fact monastery deeds which, in fact, do not contain numeric data, but they present descriptive data referring to resolution property rights relations related to the land. Yesteryears feudal lords had dedicated to the monasteries complexes of their property in such deeds, defining boundaries descriptively using natural objects (rivers, valleys and other landmarks). Deeds were written by monks in Church-Slavic letter. The oldest deed preserved dates back from 122, and is kept in monastery Zica near Kraljevo, followed by deed dating back from 1314, kept in monastery Stevan Banjski, near Kosovska Mitrovica. There are also notions on Deed on monastery Gracanica near Pristina dating back from 1319 and two deeds for monastery Decane, dating back from 132 and 1335 respectively. The first known document produced in Serbian language pertaining to land survey is so called Prizren Deed, produced during the rule of Emperor Dusan ( ), which contains numerous data on individual properties and testifies that land measuring and description had been performed at the time, for the purpose of determining obligations regarding land and establishing property and other rights thereon. Dusan s Code from 1349, apart from property rights, regulates taxation of the land based on land census, with measurement unit being cubit (meter is introduced much later, in 1873). In medieval era, Turks had destroyed nearly all data of land census and survey, with the exception being sketch map of Belgrade produced by Austrian military engineers in 1688, shown in figure 1. The first map of Serbia was produced by Sava Tekelija, which was printed in 185. Presently, institutions responsible for production and maintenance of maps are the Republic Geodetic Authority, as civil special organization within the Ministry of Spatial Planning and Environment ( and Military Geographic Institute, as military institution within the Ministry of Military and Defense of the Republic of Serbia (

2 Fig. 1.Map of Belgrade from 1688 CURRENT STATUS OF EARTH OBSERVATION ACTIVITIES 1. Policies 1.1 National policies and implementation The Serbian NSDI strategy for the period defines activities and measures that will lead to the creation of Serbian NSDI, which enables the exchange of high quality spatial data sets and services, based on the cooperation among the parties for the purposes of public sector and the public in general. The strategy was adopted on October 28, 21 by the Government of the Republic of Serbia. The main goal of strategy is defining guidelines for all parties involved to create national infrastructure for easy discovering, viewing and sharing of geoinformation, which is at the same time a part of European infrastructure and makes significant contribution to the development of e-government. 1.2 Official national data and projection Citation from the Law on state survey and cadastre, article 32: "The spatial reference system of the Republic of Serbia is the terrestrial three-dimensional coordinate system which is, by the definition of the zero point coordinate, orientation of the coordinate axes, scale, length unit and time evolution matching the European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89). " By promulgation of the new Law on State Survey and Cadastre (Official Gazette RS, number 72/29), terrestric tree-dimensional coordinate system had been adopted as the spatial reference system for the Republic of Serbia, which coincides with European Terrestric Reference System ETRS89 regarding definition of coordinate zero, orientation of axis, scale,

3 length unit and temporal evolution. At the same time, Conform Universal Transversal Mercator projection on GRS8 ellipsoid had been adopted as horizontal reference system, with the following defining parameters for the republic of Serbia: Zone number: 34T (Figure 4); Zone width: 6 ; Zone central meridian: 21 ellipsoid length; Intersection of zone central meridian and the Equator defines coordinate zero of the orthogonal coordinate system, with abscise constant (coordinate zero) having Y coordinate equal to 5, m; Y axis represents projection of the Equator, while X axis matches central meridian of the zone; Scale along central meridian is Figure 4. UTM zone on the territory of the Republic of Serbia UTM projection is modified Gauss-Kruger projection. Parallel presentation of differences between Gauss-Kruger and UTM projection on the territory of the Republic of Serbia is shown in Table 2. Gauss-Kruger projection UTM projection Central meridian 18 and Zone number 6 and 7 34T Zone width 3 6 Coordinate zero 6 5 m and 7 5 m 5 m Scale along central meridian Table 2. Comparative overview of projections 1.3 Information sharing policies There is not specific common sharing policy for geoinformation. Currently, geoinformation are sharing and distributing according to Law and product s price list. The NSDI strategy foresees development of cooperation model which describe organisation, responsibility and

4 financing of provision and exchange of spatial data and services. 1.4 Need of military clearance for specific data sets During orthophoto production the Ministry of defence provides polygons for areas of special significance for defence. These areas are protected for public view of data. 1.5 Use of EO application on environmental decision making processes EO data are important for decision making based on geoinformation. Public institutions and private organisation tend to use EO data for daily activities. Table 3. Use of EO application on environmental decision making processes COUNTRY Applications Projects National Level 1.6 National remote sensing data distribution centers Regional Level Local Level Type of EO The Remote-Sensing Centre of Republic of Serbia will be established under the project Infoterra Geo-Information Solution (IGIS) from 21 until 213. Table 4. National remote sensing data distribution centers Country Distribution Center Organization Status Contac t Info Type of Availabilit y Sharing policy costs N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.7 Relevant national public and private administration institutes, officials - Republic Geodetic Authority, - Ministries, Statistical office of the Republic of Serbia, - Republic Hydrometeorological service of Serbia, - Seismological Institute of Serbia, - Agency for environment protection, - Military Geographical Institute, Public enterprise - Roads of Serbia, - Institute for nature conservation of Serbia, - Municipalities Table 6. Relevant national public and private administration institutes, officials Country Distribution Center As described above Organization Status Contac t Info Type of Availabilit y Sharing policy costs 1.8 Coordinators of identified ongoing or completed EU or national sponsored projects Metad ata Metad ata Donor project of European Union (European Agency for Reconstruction) - CARDS, digital ortho-photo plans production for the territory of the republic of Serbia,

5 partnership programme, technology implementation; project duration: Serbia is involved in the IPA funding project with title: INSPIRATION - Spatial Infrastructure in the Western Balkans Project Infoterra Geo-Information Solution (IGIS) with French consortium (IGN and EADS Astrium); Project duration: ; Funding: Republic of France loan; Objective: Satellite and aerial data sets, satellite Ortho-images and maps production, Remote sensing (agri-environmental), data repository for archiving, hosting and sharing data via web portals Table 7. Coordinators of identified ongoing or completed EU or national sponsored projects Country Project Title Coordinator Contact Info Web Site References Address, tel As described in the previous paragraph 2. Applications 2.1 Existing national data sets Digital ortophoto data set: Resolution 1 cm for all urban areas (area=3199 km²) Resolution 2 cm for cadastral municipalities where survey is done in stereographic coordinate system (area=626 km²) Resolution bigger than 4 cm for the territory of the Republic of Serbia not including the area of Kosovo and Metohija, the area of GSD 2cm and the territory of the city of Belgrade (area=76 km²) Table 8. Existing national data sets Country S E R B I A Organization type Coverage Digital or Hardcopy Digital ortophoto data set in various resolutions (1,2 and 4cms). Format (if Digital) 2.2 Processing capability of EO data Republic geodetic Authority has developed capacity for processing of EO data. Military Geographical Institute owns airplane DORNIER DO 28 D-2 for aerial imaging. Some private geodetic companies have capacity for production of ortophoto. Cost Metadata Clearance Royalties 2.3 collection capability (Aerial Photography, LIDAR) Republic Geodetic Authority has developed qualified personal for production of ortophoto, digital terrain model, topographic maps and other mapping products. Project Infoterra Geo-Information Solution (IGIS) with French consortium (IGN and EADS Astrium) will provide a high accuracy DEM as a survey of flood areas, mainly in the Vojvodine region. The proposed acquisition budget would allow covering down from 7 km² up to

6 1 km² Table 9. Organizations delivering LIDAR and Aerial Photography Country Organization Type Of Organization Type Delivery Time As described in the previous paragraph Cost Royalties 2.4 EUPOS data availability and costs Active geodetic reference basis of Serbia (Aktivna geodetska referentne osnova Srbije AGROS) refers to permanent precise satellite-based positioning service in the territory of the Republic of Serbia and it was entirely established on December 5, 25. Serbia is member of the EUPOS cooperation. AGROS cosists of: GPS segment which includes 32 permanent stations, communication segment and users segment. Costs for usage AGROS service are defined under the price list of Republic Geodetic Authority. Fig. 1a. Active Geodetic Network of Serbia Fig. 1b. Digital Elevation Model 2.5 Level of conformation with the INSPIRE Directive (if it applies) The metadata role is to document content, structure and location of the geoinformation allowing their searching, evaluation and use. Republic Geodetic Authority has developed a draft version of metadata standard for geoinformation that describes: data about the metadata, the characteristics of the data set, responsible organization, conformance, portrayal, classification, key words, conditions and limitations, distribution, maintenance, reference system, location and quality. The proposed metadata standard is based on: the INSPIRE implementing rules for metadata, ISO Geographic data metadata and ISO Geographic data metadata XML schema.

7 As a support for the implementation of standards, metadata editor has been created, representing an application for entering and maintaining metadata. The editor is available through the geoportal, its download and use will be free of charge, and enables institutions that provide spatial data to efficiently acquire and maintain metadata from their field of work in accordance with standard. 3. Capacities Institutional and public awareness on benefits of EO systems in environmental 3.1 monitoring Research institutions and universities show augmentation on using EO for environmental monitoring. With the cooperation of state departments, research institutions and private sector, public awareness of EO data benefits increases considerably. 3.2 National budget allocation to EO programs N/A 3.3 Funding initiatives and participation to research programs There is not available information. Dedicated undergraduate and graduate programs, curricula and personnel Relevant 3.4 education and training centers Table 11. Dedicated undergraduate and graduate programs, curricula and personnel Relevant education and training centers Country Institute Undergraduate program Graduate program Training Personnel Web site Curricula UBG Faculty of Civil Engineering, /Department for geodesy and goinformatio n 5 years yes Yes s/ curikulum UNS Faculty of Technical Sciences College of Applied Studies in Civil Engineering and Geodesy 5 years yes Yes 15 4 years yes Yes rs/ curikulum curikulum

8 REFERENCES AND USEFUL LINKS Law on State Survey and Cadastre, Official Gazette RS, 72/9 and 18/1 Strategy for establishment of Spatial Infrastructure in Republic of Serbia for the period between the year 21 and 212, Official Gazette RS, 81/1 Useful links (accessed July the 8th,211) Republic Geodetic Authority the geoportal under the Serbian NSDI Military Geographical Institute University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering University on Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences Active Geodetic Network of Serbia - College of Applied Studies in Civil Engineering and Geodesy