WESTERN COALFIELDS LIMITED

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Land Restoration / Reclamation Monitoring of

Data for the Year 2014 ERAI RIVER Coal Stock

1 Land Restoration / Reclamation Monitoring of less than 5 million Cu. M. (Coal+OB) Capacity Opencast Coal Mines of Western Coalfields Limited based on Satellite Data for the Year 2014 ERAI RIVER Coal Stock BHATADI OCP Bhatadi Village Submitted to WESTERN COALFIELDS LIMITED

2 Land Restoration / Reclamation Monitoring of less than 5 million Cu. M. (Coal+OB) Capacity Opencast Coal Mines of Western Coalfields Limited based on Satellite Data for the Year 2014 March-2015 Remote Sensing Cell Geomatics Division, Ranchi Job No i

3 CONTENTS Executive Summary iv-vii 1.0 Background Objective Methodology Land Reclamation in WCL 6 List of Tables Table-1 Projectwise Land Reclamation Status vii Table-2 Area Statistics of Land Use Classes in OC Mines 8 List of Plates Plate-1 Land Use Map of of Kolegaon OCP 09 Plate -2 Land Use Map of of Naigaon OCP 10 Plate -3 Land Use Map of of Ghonsa OCP 11 Plate -4 Land Use Map of of Ballarpur OCP 12 Plate-5 Land Use Map of of Junad OCP 13 Plate-6 Land Use Map of of Urdhan OCP 14 Plate-7 Land Use Map of of Telwasa OCP 15 Plate-8 Land Use Map of of Gouri (I&II) OCP 16 Plate-9 Land Use Map of of Bhatadi OCP 17 Plate-10 Land Use Map of of Gondegaon OCP 18 Plate-11 Land Use Map of of Kolar-Pimpri OCP 19 Plate-12 Land Use Map of of ChhindaOCP 20 Plate-13 Land Use Map of of Gouri Deep OCP 21 Plate- 14 Land Use Map of of Juna Kunada OCP 22 Job No ii

4 List of Figures Figure-1 Bar-Chart of Project wise Status vii Figure-2 Methodology of Land Reclamation Monitoring 03 Figure-3 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Kolegaon OCP 23 Figure-4 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Naigaon OCP 23 Figure-5 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Ghonsa OCP 24 Figure-6 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Ballarpur OCP 24 Figure-7 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Junad OCP 25 Figure-8 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Urdhan OCP 25 Figure-9 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Telwasa OCP 26 Figure-10 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Gouri (I&II) OC 26 Figure-11 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Bhatadi OCP 27 Figure-12 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Gondegaon OCP 27 Figure-13 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Kolar-Pimpri OCP 28 Figure- 14 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Chhinda OCP 28 Figure- 15 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Gouri Deep OCP 29 Figure- 16 Bar-Chart of Land Reclamation Status of Juna Kunada OCP 29 List of Photographs Photograph-1 Plantation on OB dump in Gauri I&II OCP 30 Photograph-2 Plantation on OB dump in Gondegaon OCP 30 Photograph-3 Plantation on OB dump in Kolar Pimpri OCP 31 Photograph-4 Plantation on Backfilled area in Ballarpur OCP 31 Photograph-5 Plantation on on OB Dump in Naigaon OCP 32 Photograph-6 Plantation under Social Forestry Bhatadi OCP 32 Photograph-7 Plantation on OB dump in Juna Kunada OCP 33 Photograph-8 Plantation on under Social Forestry Gauri I&II OCP 33 Job No iii

5 Executive Summary 1.0 Project Land restoration / reclamation monitoring of 14 opencast coal mines of Western Coalfields Ltd. (WCL) producing less than 5 million cu.m. (Coal+OB) per year based on satellite data, regularly basis at an interval of three years. 2.0 Objective Objective of the land restoration / reclamation monitoring is to assess the area of backfilled, plantation, social forestry, active mining area, water bodies, and distribution of wasteland, agricultural land and forest in the leasehold area of the project. This will help in assessing the progressive status of mined land reclamation and to take up remedial measures, if any, required for environmental protection. 3.0 Salient Findings Out of the total mine leasehold area of Hectare of the 14 projects Viz. Kolegaon, Naigaon, Ghonsa, Ballarpur, Junad Extn, Urdhan, Telwasa, Gauri I &II, Bhatadi, Gondegaon,Kolarpimpri, Chhinda,Gauri deep and Juna kunada considered for monitoring during year- 2014; total excavated area is only Ha (55.87%) of which Ha area (25.79%) has been planted, Ha area (48.37%) is under backfilling and Ha area (25.83%) is under active mining. It is evident from the analysis that 74.17% area of the above OC projects have already been reclaimed (biologically and technically) and balance 25.83% area is under active mining. Project wise details are given in Table-1 & Fig-1. On comparing the status of land reclamation for the year 2011 with respect to the year 2014 in different projects, it is evident from the analysis that area under land reclamation has increased from Ha. (Yr. 2011) to Ha (Yr. 2014). Out of 14 projects of WCL, maximum land reclamation has been carried out in Gauri I&II project (84.89%) followed by Ballarpur (82.84%) Urdhan (81.32%)and Kolegaon Opencast Project (78.86%). Job No iv

6 Area under biological reclamation (plantation) has increased from Ha (Yr. 2011) to (Yr. 2014) where as area of technical reclamation (area under backfilling) has increased from Ha (Yr. 2011) to Ha (Yr.2014) in WCL. This increase of Ha in area of plantation and Ha area under backfilling is the result of the efforts of the Western Coalfields Ltd taken up towards environmental protection. Job No v

7 Sl.No Name Table -1 Projectwise Land Reclamation Status in Opencast Project of WCL Based on Satellite Data of the Year 2014 % Calculated in terms of Total Excavated Area in Projects Plantation /Vegetation Under Backfilling Active Mining Total Excavated Area Total Reclamed Area Leasehold(I) (Ha) II III II+III+IV Kolegaon Naigaon Ghonsa Ballarpur Junad Extn Urdhan Telwasa Gauri I&II (Amalgamated) Bhatadi Gondegaon Kolarpimpri Chhinda Gauri Deep Juna Kunada Total (WCL) IV II+III Job No vi

204.84 161.54 178.21 111.55 106.78 58.36 163.89 135.77 163.64 138.80 108.09 242.64 86.77 70.56 349.00 293.64 315.00 271.91 207.60 133.67 229.36 172.32 106.68 67.22 47.15 70.69 45.72 198.97 152.84 280.

8 AREA IN HECTARE PROJECT WISE STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN WCL FOR THE YEAR LEASEHOLD 400 EXCAVATED UNDER RECLAMATION Kolegaon Naigaon Ghonsa Ballarpur Junad Extn Urdhan Telwasa Gauri I &II Bhatadi Gondegaon Kolarpimpri Chhinda Gauri Deep Juna Kunada OPENCAST PROJECTS Figure-1 Job No vii

9 1.0 Background 1.1 Land is the most important natural resource which embodies soil, water, flora fauna and total ecosystem. All human activities are based on the land which is the most scarce natural resource in our country. Mining is a site specific industry and it could not be shifted anywhere else from the location where mineral occurs. It is a fact that surface mining activities do effect the land environment due to ground breaking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reclaim and restore the mined out land for its productive use for sustainable development of mining. This will not only mitigate environmental degradation, but would also help in creating a more congenial environment for land acquisition by coal companies in future. 1.2 Keeping above in view, Coal India Ltd. (CIL) issued a work order vide letter no. CIL/WBP/Env/2011/4706 dated to Central Mine Planning & Design Institute (), Ranchi, for monitoring land reclamation status of all the opencast coal mines having production of less than 5 million m 3 per annum (coal + OB taken together per annum) regularly on annual basis and less than 5 million m 3 per annum (coal + OB taken together per annum) at interval of three years based on remote sensing satellite data, for sustainable development of mining. The result of land reclamation status of all such mines to be put on the website of CIL, ( ( and the concerned coal companies in public domain. Detail report to be submitted to Coal India and respective subsidiaries. 1.3 Land reclamation monitoring of all opencast coal mining projects would also comply the statutory requirements of Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF).Such monitoring would not only facilitate in taking timely mitigation measures against environmental degradation, but would also enable coal companies to utilize the reclaimed land for larger socio-economic benefits in a planned way. Job No

10 1.4 Present report is embodying the finding of the study based on satellite data of the Nov, 2013 and July 2014 carried out for all the OC projects producing less than 5 mcm (Coal+OB) for Western Coalfields Ltd. 2.0 Objective Objective of the land reclamation/restoration monitoring is to assess the area of backfilled, plantation, OB dumps, social forestry, active mining area, settlements and water bodies, distribution of wasteland, agricultural land and forest land in the leasehold area of the project. This is an important step taken up for assessing the progressive status of mined land reclamation and for taking up remedial measures, if any, required for environmental protection. 3.0 Methodology There are number of steps involved between raw satellite data procurement and preparation of final map. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) Hyderabad, being the nodal agency for satellite data supply in India, provides only raw digital satellite data, which needs further digital image processing for extracting the information and map preparation before uploading the same in the website. Methodology for land reclamation monitoring is given in given in figure-2. Following steps are involved in land reclamation /restoration monitoring: Job No

IRS R2 L4 FX Figure :2 Methodology for Land Reclamation Monitoring 3.1 Data Procurement: After browsing the data quality and date of pass on internet, supply order for data is placed to NRSC.

11 IRS R2 L4 FX Figure :2 Methodology for Land Reclamation Monitoring 3.1 Data Procurement: After browsing the data quality and date of pass on internet, supply order for data is placed to NRSC. Secondary data like leasehold boundary, topo sheets are procured for creation of vector database. 3.2 Satellite Data Processing: Satellite data are processed using ERDAS IMAGINE version 2014digital image processing s/w. Methodology involves the following major steps: Rectification & Georeferencing: Inaccuracies in digital imagery may occur due to systematic errors attributed to earth curvature and rotation as well as nonsystematic errors attributed to satellite receiving station itself. Raw digital images contain geometric distortions, which make them unusable as maps. Therefore, georeferencing is required for correction of image data using ground control points (GCP) to make it compatible to SoI toposheet. Job No

12 Image enhancement: To improve the interpretability of the raw data, image enhancement is necessary. local operations modify the value of each pixel based on brightness value of neighbouring pixels using ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 s/w. and enhance the image quality for interpretation. Training set selection Training set requires to be selected, so that software can classify the image data accurately. The image data are analysed based on the interpretation keys. These keys are evolved from certain fundamental image-elements such as tone/colour, size, shape, texture, pattern, location, association and shadow. Based on the image-elements and other geo-technical elements like land form, drainage pattern and physiography; training sets were selected/identified for each land use/cover class. Field survey was carried out by taking selective traverses in order to collect the ground information (or reference data) so that training sets are selected accurately in the image. This was intended to serve as an aid for classification. Classification and Accuracy assessment Image classification is carried out using the maximum likelihood algorithm. The classification proceeds through the following steps: (a) calculation of statistics [i.e. signature generation] for the identified training areas, and (b) the decision boundary of maximum probability based on the mean vector, variance, covariance and correlation matrix of the pixels. After evaluating the statistical parameters of the training sets, reliability test of training sets is conducted by measuring the statistical separation between the classes that resulted from computing divergence matrix. The overall accuracy of the classification was finally assessed with reference to ground truth data. Job No

13 Area calculation The area of each land use class in the leasehold is determined using ERDAS IMAGINE v software. Overlay of Vector data base Vector data base created based on secondary data. Vector layer like drainage, railway line, leasehold boundary, forest boundary etc. are superimposed on the image as vector layer in the Arc GIS database. Pre-field map preparation Pre-field map is prepared for validation of the classification result 3.3 Ground Truthing: Selective ground verification of the land use classes are carried out in the field and necessary corrections if required, are incorporated before map finalization. 3.4 Land reclamation database on GIS: Land reclamation database is created on GIS platform to identify the temporal changes identified from satellite data of different cut-of dates. Job No

14 4.0 Land Reclamation Status in Western Coalfields Ltd. 4.1 Following Fourteen opencast projects producing less than 5 million cubic m. (Coal + OB together) of Western Coalfields Ltd. have been taken up for land reclamation monitoring during the year 2014: Kolegaon Naigaon Ghonsa Ballarpur Junad Urdhan Telwasa Gauri I&II (Amalgamated) Bhatadi Gondegaon Kolarpimpri Chhinda Gouri Deep Juna Kunda 4.2 Area statistics of different land use class present in the mine leasehold of the above projects for the year 2014 are shown in the Table - 2. Land use maps derived from satellite data are shown in Plate Land reclamation status of the above mentioned 14 opencast projects were also prepared for the year 2011and Year wise changes in the different land use classes based on satellite data are depicted in Bar Charts in Fig Study reveals that 74.17% of mining area has already been under reclamation by WCL out of which 25.79% area has been revegetated and 48.37% area is under backfilling. There is an increase of Hectare area under reclamation in WCL Job No

15 with respect to the year 2011, out of which Hectare increase in biological reclamation (plantation) and Hectare increase in the technical reclamation (backfilling). However, overall percentage of plantation / vegetation has decreased from % in 2011 to 25.79% in 2014 due to increase in mining activity as some of the mines such as Gouri Deep, Juna Kunada, Urdhan etc., which were not in operation in the year After analyzing the satellite data of year 2011 vs it is evident that plantation carried out on backfilled area, OB dumps as well as under social forestry in all the mines of WCL has increased from Hectare to Hectare in span of last three year. This increase of Hectare area of plantation in three year time is due to the sincere efforts of WCL towards mine land reclamation. 4.5 Out of 14 projects of WCL, maximum land reclamation has been carried out in Gauri I&II opencast project (84.89)% followed by Ballarpur(82.84)%, Urdhan (81.32%) and Kolegaon opencast project (78.86)%. Job No

16 SETTLEMENTS AGRICULTURE WATERBODIES WASTELANDS RECLAIMED ACTIVE MINING PLANTATION SCRUBS FORESTS TABLE - 2 Status of Land Use / Reclamation in OC Mines(<5mcu.m) of Western Coalfields Ltd based on Satellite data of the Year 2014 (Area in Hq.) Kolagaon Naigaon Ghonsa Ballarpur Junad Extn Urdhan Telwasa Gouri -I&II Bhatadi Gondegaon Kolar-Pimpri Chhinda Gouri Deep Juna Kunada Total Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Area % Dense Forest Open Forest Total Forest Scrubs Social Forestry Plantation on OB Dump Plantation on Backfill Total Plantation (Biological Reclamation) Total Vegetation Coal Quarry Coal Dump Advance Quarry Site Quarry Filled With Water Total Area under Active Mining Barren OB Dump Barren Backfilled Area Total Area under Technical Reclamation Total Area Under Mine Operation Waste Lands Fly Ash Pond / Sand Body Total Wasteland Reservoir, nallah, ponds Total Waterbodies Crop Lands Fallow Lands Total Agriculture Urban Settlement Rural Settlement Industrial Settlement Total Settlement Grand Total Job No

17 Plate -1 Job No

18 Plate 2 Job No

19 Plate 3 Job No

20 Plate 4 Job No

21 Plate 5 Job No

22 Plate 6 Job No

23 Plate 7 Job No

24 Plate 8 Job No

25 Plate 9 Job No

26 Plate 10 Job No

27 Plate 11 Job No

28 Job No Plate 12

29 Plate 13 Job No

30 Plate 14 Job No

0.18 0.14 16.43 8.27 0.37 0.00 Area in Hectare 27.30 28.26 71.79 91.75 137.37 149.95 0.59 1.60 38.18 47.19 30.58 55.74 1.00 0.00 Area in Hectare 120.79 116.42 108.55 157.

31 Area in Hectare Area in Hectare STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN KOLEGAON OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Landuse /Cover Classes Mining Area Surface water Figure-3 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN NAIGAON OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Landuse /Cover Classes Mining Area Surface water Figure-4 Job No

6.35 36.57 Area in Hectare 13.18 40.17 58.82 63.91 77.95 70.07 88.93 99.98 1.30 3.21 0.56 3.01 0.00 42.70 13.54 7.94 0.

77 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN GHONSA OCP 120 80 Year 2011 40 2014 0 Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Mining Area

32 Area in Hectare Area in Hectare STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN GHONSA OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Mining Area Surface water Landuse /Cover Classes Figure-5 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN BALLARPUR OCP Year Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Mining Area Surface Water Landuse /Cover Classes Figure-6 Job No

1.45 3.55 0 3.90 34.85 23.72 0.03 0.00 Area in Hectare 64.01 82.87 116.57 115.33 0.51 0.41 23.96 27.43 30.40 3.28 0.17 0.00 17.98 10.

84 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN JUNAD OCP 120 100 80 60 Year 2011 40 2014 20 0 Settlement Plantation Vegetation cover Wasteland Mining

33 Area in Hectare Area in Hectare STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN JUNAD OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation cover Wasteland Mining Area WaterBody Landuse /Cover Classes Figure -7 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN URDHAN OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Mining Area Surface Water Landuse /Cover Classes Figure-8 Job No

2.74 2.93 10.10 5.40 48.97 44.93 Area in Hectare 232.88 236.91 262.59 268.00 322.14 331.08 4.04 1.15 29.23 38.69 0.72 2.26 62.

91 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN TELWASA OCP 180 150 120 90 Year 2011 60 2014 30 0 Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Mining Area

34 Area in Hectare Area in Hectare STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN TELWASA OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Mining Area Surface Water Landuse /Cover Classes Figure-9 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN GOURI I&II OCP year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Mining Area Surface Water Landuse /Cover Classes Figure -10 Job No

11.07 10.40 105.57 0.00 1.30 122.47 Areain Hectare 46.26 42.61 205.05 267.65 263.08 295.

72 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN BHATADI OCP 180 150 120 90 Year 2011 2014 60 30 0

-11 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN GONDEGAON OCP 300 250 200 150 Year 2011 2014 100 50 0

35 Areain Hectare Area in Hectare STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN BHATADI OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Landuse /Cover Classes wasteland Mining Area Figure -11 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN GONDEGAON OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Landuse /Cover Classes Mining Area Water Body Figure -12 Job No

1.86 2.05 1.44 3.24 1.82 1.46 22.53 22.81 Area in Hectare 31.64 30.82 38.00 44.41 4.06 5.66 89.02 89.20 10.05 10.47 1.21 4.69 Area in Hectare 137.09 136.75 246.90 278.

36 Area in Hectare Area in Hectare STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN KOLARPIMPRI OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Landuse /Cover Classes Mining Area Surface water Figure -13 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN CHHINDA OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Mining Area Landuse /Cover Classes Surface water Figure -14 Job No

0.00 0.00 9.87 30.98 1.72 1.40 26.70 62.69 Area in Hectare 29.79 167.99 0.00 0.95 0.00 5.22 10.44 0.00 0.59 2.66 Area in Hectare 14.

73 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN GOURI DEEP OCP 120 100 80 60 40 Year 2011 2014 20 0 Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland

37 Area in Hectare Area in Hectare STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN GOURI DEEP OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Wasteland Landuse /Cover Classes Mining Area Surface water Figure -15 STATUS OF LAND RECLAMATION IN JUNA KUNADA OCP Year Settlement Plantation Vegetation Cover Landuse /Cover Classes Wasteland Mining Area Figure -16 Job No

38 Photograph 1- Plantation on OB carried out in Gouri I&II OCP Photograph 2- Plantation on OB carried out in Gondegaon OCP Job No

39 Photograph 3- Plantation on OB carried out in Kolarpimpri OCP Photograph 4- Plantation on backfilled area in Ballarpur OCP Job No

40 Photograph 5- Plantation on OB carried out in Naigaon OCP Photograph 6- Plantation carried out under Social forestry in Bhatadi OCP Job No

41 Photograph 7- Plantation on OB carried out in Juna Kunada OCP Photograph 8- Plantation carried out under Social Forestry Gauri I&II OCP Job No

42 Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd. (A Subsidiary of Coal India Ltd.) Gondwana Place, Kanke Road, Ranchi , Jharkhand Phone : (+91) , , , FAX (+91) , Wesite : cmpdihq@cmpdi.co.in

Submitted to: Central Coalfields Limited Ranchi, Jharkhand. Ashoka & Piparwar OCPs, CCL

Submitted to: Central Coalfields Limited Ranchi, Jharkhand. Ashoka & Piparwar OCPs, CCL Land Restoration / Reclamation Monitoring of more than 5 million cu. m. (Coal + OB) Capacity Open Cast Coal Mines of Central Coalfields Limited Based on Satellite Data for the Year 2013 Ashoka & Piparwar