C/W 4/9/ Sheffield = Steel. 2. Detroit = Car Manufacturing. 3. Bangalore = Business Process Outsourcing. 4. Leeds = Textiles

Transcription

1 C/W Qu:Why did 5 steel workers become strippers? Aim: To describe how the function of major UK cities has changed over time and suggest reasons for this. Starter: What industry are the following cities famous for? 1. Sheffield = Steel 2. Detroit = Car Manufacturing 3. Bangalore = Business Process Outsourcing 4. Leeds = Textiles 5. Glasgow = Ship Building 6. Bristol = Port 7. Bath = Tourism/Spa Town 8. Shenzen (China) = Manufacturing 9. Seattle = High Tech 10. Singapore = Banking 11. Cheddar = Really? 4/9/16 1

2 : 1/2 3 3 Highlight and number your copy 2

3 Reading task Read the handout on the next slide about the economic function of cities. Finished? What is the function of Bath? What is the function of Bristol now and 200 years ago? 3

4 The Economic Function of Cities The FUNCTION of an area is its raison d'être or reason/purpose for being. In urban areas this relates to the purpose of a land use for residential areas, recreation or industry. Cities differ in their economic makeup and their social and demographic characteristics. While the city is jointly a place of production, distribution and consumption of material goods, one of these functions usually dominates. A city's dominant function varies according to the historical and socioeconomic context of each city, commonly involving a specialization (e.g. financial cities, manufacturing cities). London is known for its function as a financial centre, Newcastle is now attempting to be a science city, Bath's function has traditionally been tourism and Plymouth's function was as a port/naval shipyard. Functions can change over time as well, in Newcastle the original function was as a coal mining region, which then changed to heavy industry and manufacturing with ship building and armaments at the forefront, and presently high tech industries and education dominate. WITHIN cities land use and function can vary widely and many big urban areas can have several functions. Variation in city functions can be traced back to regional variations in the local resources on which growth was based during the early development of the urban pattern and in part to the subsequent shifts in the competitive advantage of regions brought about by changing locational forces affecting regional specialization. Globalization has changed the location of functions of production, consumption and distribution around the world. For example South Wales' economy was based on coal mining as there were large coal deposits there. Then as demand for coal fell and the price of Welsh coal increased relative to the price of foreign imports, coal mining in South Wales declined. This created mass unemployment and led to many social problems. Attempts have therefore been made to diversify in to other sectors with mixed success. 4

5 The Economic Function of Cities The FUNCTION of an area is its raison d'être or reason/purpose for being. In urban areas this relates to the purpose of a land use for residential areas, recreation or industry. Cities differ in their economic makeup and their social and demographic characteristics. While the city is jointly a place of production, distribution and consumption of material goods, one of these functions usually dominates. A city's dominant function varies according to the historical and socioeconomic context of each city, commonly involving a specialization (e.g. financial cities, manufacturing cities). London is known for its function as a financial centre, Newcastle is now attempting to be a science city, Bath's function has traditionally been tourism and Plymouth's function was as a port/naval shipyard. Functions can change over time as well, in Newcastle the original function was as a coal mining region, which then changed to heavy industry and manufacturing with ship building and armaments at the forefront, and presently high tech industries and education dominate. WITHIN cities land use and function can vary widely and many big urban areas can have several functions. Variation in city functions can be traced back to regional variations in the local resources on which growth was based during the early development of the urban pattern and in part to the subsequent shifts in the competitive advantage of regions brought about by changing locational forces affecting regional specialization. Globalization has changed the location of functions of production, consumption and distribution around the world. For example South Wales' economy was based on coal mining as there were large coal deposits there. Then as demand for coal fell and the price of Welsh coal increased relative to the price of foreign imports, coal mining in South Wales declined. This created mass unemployment and led to many social problems. Attempts have therefore been made to diversify in to other sectors with mixed success. 5

6 The economic function of cities changes over time... Task: Watch the trailer for context and then watch the 5 minute intro to the film 'The Full Monty'. Answer the Q's below as you watch. Trailer: 0:42 5: 30 on DVD 1. What industry did Sheffield used to built on? 2. What employment sector would this have been? 3. Which section of the sector model did this put the UK in? 4. What changed by the 90s? 5. What section of the model is the UK in now? 6. What effect did the decline of the steel industry (de industrialisation) have on the people of Sheffield? 7. What employment sector do they move in to by the end of the film? 8. Why has this de industrialisation happened in places like Sheffield? 6

7 1. What industry did Sheffield used to built on? 2. What employment sector would this have been? 3. Which section of the clark fisher model did this put the UK in? 4. What changed by the 90s? 5. What section of the model is the UK in now? 6. What effect did the decline of the steel industry (de industrialisation) have on the people of Sheffield? 7. What employment sector do they move in to by the end of the film? 8. Why has this de industrialisation happened in places like Sheffield? 1. What industry did Sheffield used to built on? 2. What employment sector would this have been? 3. Which section of the clark fisher model did this put the UK in? 4. What changed by the 90s? 5. What section of the model is the UK in now? 6. What effect did the decline of the steel industry (de industrialisation) have on the people of Sheffield? 7. What employment sector do they move in to by the end of the film? 8. Why has this de industrialisation happened in places like Sheffield? 7

8 Docks becoming too small to accommodate containerisation London/Manchester/Glasgow/Britsol docklands Re branding and regeneration Exhaustion of coal seams (S.Wales) 8

9 Time for a little research... Aim: To describe how the function of major UK cities has changed over time and suggest reasons for this. In groups of 3/4 Task: Stick your 1901 map in to the middle of a piece of sugar paper and then... For as many cities as possible, research (using phones) what the dominant industry (function) was in 1901 that caused that city to grow e.g. Sheffield = Steel. Is it still dominant today or has the function shifted? Find out/suggest reasons for this change. 9

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11 Further Activities 1. Study the graph below that you were introduced to last lesson. This time, just describe UK sectoral change between 1951 and Use pg 196 Oxford AS Textbook to outline reasons why employment in the primary and secondary sectors have declined in the UK. 3. Use pg 197 to outline why tertiary and quaternary employment have grown. 4. What does 'footloose' mean? 5. How has the quaternary sector helped to widen North/South economic disparities? Now using Hodder Textbook pgs 218/ What impact has the rise of employment in tertiary/quaternary sectors had on the significance of social class? Refer to 'personal mobility' in your answer. 7. How have these changes led to 'places' becoming less 'parochial'? 8. How have the changes you have looked at so far created 'winners and losers'? Extension 9. How does the deindustrialisation of the steel industry demonstrate that 'original winners may become losers from external processes'? 10. Why has the South been less effected by deindustrialisation and recession? 11. To what extent does Fig15.3 suggest the function of the north is different to the function of the South 11

12 TERTIARY SECONDARY PRIMARY TERTIARY SECONDARY PRIMARY TERTIARY SECONDARY PRIMARY 12

13 Plenary 1. Why did 5 steel workers become strippers? 2. How has the function of major UK cities has changed over time? 3. Why? Refer to the 3 economic sectors Is there a North/South divide in terms of economic function? 13

14 Set HW 3 and HW 4 See next slides or HW 3 now and HW 4 next lesson Both relate to THIS lesson 14

15 Homework 3: Changes to economic sectors and functions Finish these tasks from class using the textbook snapshots on the next 4 slides. 1. Study the graph below that you were introduced to last lesson. This time, just describe UK sectoral change between 1951 and Use pg 196 Oxford AS Textbook to outline reasons why employment in the primary and secondary sectors have declined in the UK. 3. Use pg 197 to outline why tertiary and quaternary employment have grown. 4. What does 'footloose' mean? 5. How has the quaternary sector helped to widen North/South economic disparities? Now using Hodder Textbook pgs 218/ What impact has the rise of employment in tertiary/quaternary sectors had on the significance of social class? Refer to 'personal mobility' in your answer. 7. How have these changes led to 'places' becoming less 'parochial'? 8. How have the changes you have looked at so far created 'winners and losers'? Extension 9. How does the deindustrialisation of the steel industry demonstrate that 'original winners may become losers from external processes'? 10. Why has the South been less effected by deindustrialisation and recession? 11. To what extent does Fig15.3 suggest the function of the north is different to the function of the South 15

16 Homework 4: Why do places Change? Tasks: 4A.2 Places have changed their function and characteristics over time. Key idea The bit from the spec b. Reason for changes in a place might be explained by physical factors, accessibility and connectedness, historical development and the role of local and national planning. Detailed content 1. Read the snapshots from the Pearson textbook (Pgs ) on the next few slides and take notes on the 5 main factors that have shaped how places have changed in the UK. This is directly related to the Spec. 2. Complete this Q: 16