Manufacturing and Measurement of photon-emitting Wide Area Reference Sources according to ISO 8769
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1 Manufacturing and Measurement of photon-emitting Wide Area Reference Sources according to ISO 8769 Klaus Thieme Eckert & Ziegler Nuclitec GmbH Braunschweig 1
2 Content Introduction Measurements and Results of Examples Cs-137 Co-60 Outlook 2
3 Alpha-, Beta- & Photon- emitting sources Nuclitec manufacturer of Wide area reference sources (WARS): Class 1, Class 2, and working sources Class 2 sources are calibrated in our DKD accredited laboratory in terms of activity and alpha- / betaparticle flux acc. to ISO & ANSI N42.29 Class 1 sources with photon-emitting nuclides Fe-55, Pu-238, I-129, Am-241,Co-57, Cs-137, Co-60 are manufactured at Nuclitec, but not calibrated; Uniformity check using electron emission 3
4 Calibration of Class 1 WARS Calibration of Class 1 sources has to be performed at a NMI AWE Aldermaston performs calibration of Class 1 photon sources in terms of - photon emission in 2 and - measurement of uniformity 4
5 Content 1. Introduction 2. Measurement and Results of Examples Cs-137 Co Outlook 5
6 Cs-137 sources Cs-137 drawing VZ 2162 Stainless steel filter 800 mg/cm² 6
7 Measurement of uniformity Packard - Imager Detector : position sensitive wide area proportional counter operation either in alpha- or in beta- plateau Class 1 sources measurement of sources before and after mounting of the filter 7
8 Measurement of uniformity A B C D E
9 9 activated foil without filter activated foil with filter
10 Step 1 Correction for nonuniformity of the detector Cs-137 SZ 295 before mounting filter Correction Term Photon (Cs-137) Countrate N (counts) Mean C C 0,961 0,999 0,973 D SD D 1,023 1,034 1,030 E ,0 E 0,947 1,031 1,002 Step 2 Ratio R ( corrected and normalized to 1) Mean C 1,012 0,980 0,998 1,0 C D 0,962 0,954 0,961 SD D E 1,082 1,014 1,039 4,2 E Step 1 Measurement Step 2 Correction of Imager nonuniformity Step 3 Normalisation to 1 Step 3 Matrix applied to source 10
11 C 1,012 0,980 0,998 C 0,928 0,979 0,892 D 0,962 0,954 0,961 D 1,060 1,109 1,046 E 1,082 1,014 1,039 E 0,981 1,023 0,981 activated foil 11 without filter SD 4,2 % activated foil with filter SD 6,7 %
12 Scattering C D D4 E 12
13 13
14 SH April 2010 SD = 7.62 % => pass -9,7 +3,0-4,3 +1,9 +15,2 +4,0-4,9 +2,7-7,9 14
15 Image SH 399 with absorber foil 15
16 Comparison Nuclitec / AWE Nuclitec - SH AWE - SH C 0,92 1,03 0,90 C 0,90 1,03 0,996 D 1,05 1,12 1,01 D 1,02 1,15 1,04 E 0,96 1,06 0,95 E 0,95 1,03 0,92 Nuclitec 16 uniformity SD 7,2 % AWE uniformity SD 7,6 %
17 Comparison Nuclitec / AWE Nuclitec - SH 399 AWE - SH 399 low mid low low mid low mid high mid mid high mid low mid low low mid low Nuclitec 17 uniformity SD 7,2 % AWE uniformity SD 7,6 %
18 Co-60 sources Co-60 drawing VZ 1898 Aluminium filter 81 mg/cm² 18
19 Results for Co-60 Calibrations of Co-60 Class 1 sources mostly failed in the AWE measurement because of too high nonuniformity SD > 10 % 19
20 Image SH 400 with absorber foil 20
21 p 21
22 SH April 2010 FAIL SD % 22-13,6 + 4,0-12,8 + 2,9 +21,9 +4,1-8,1-7,7-6,1
23 Comparison Co-60 Nuclitec - SH 400 AWE - SH C 0,92 1,03 0,90 C 0,86 1,04 0,87 D 1,05 1,12 1,01 D 1,03 1,22 1,04 E 0,96 1,06 0,95 Nuclitec SD uniformity 8,95 % 23 E 0,92 1,08 0,94 AWE uniformity SD 11,4 %
24 Comparison Nuclitec / AWE Nuclitec - SH 400 AWE - SH 400 low mid low low mid low mid high mid mid high mid low mid low low mid low Nuclitec 24 uniformity SD 8,95 % AWE uniformity SD 11,4 %
25 Comparison Co-60 Nuclitec - OM 638 AWE - SH C 0,957 0,989 0,884 C 0,864 1,040 0,872 D 1,059 1,169 1,060 D 1,029 1,219 1,041 E 0,941 1,002 0,940 Nuclitec SD uniformity 8,5 % 25 E 0,919 1,077 0,939 AWE uniformity SD 11,4 %
26 Comparison Nuclitec / AWE Nuclitec - OM 638 AWE - SH 400 low mid low low mid low mid high mid mid high mid low mid low low mid low Nuclitec 26 uniformity SD 8,5 % AWE uniformity SD 11,4 %
27 Experiment with Co-60 SX 600 Source : Anodized Al foil typically used for Beta WARS with uniform distributed activity measured with Packard Imager in Beta mode a) without and b) with additional 0.3mm Aluminium filter as recommended in ISO 8769 to absorb beta particles 27
28 Co-60 SX 600 without (left) and with a 0,3 mm Al absorber (right) 28
29 SX 600 without absorber Ratio R ( corrected and normalized to 1) Mean C 1,13 1,10 1,10 1,0 D 0,95 1,00 1,00 SD E 0,92 0,93 0,87 9,2 29
30 SX 600 with absorber Ratio R ( corrected and normalized to 1) Mean C 1,05 1,09 0,97 1,0 D 1,07 1,13 1,02 SD E 0,90 0,94 0,83 9,7 30
31 Mosaic source Co-60 PG 755 Source : Anodized Al foil used for typical Beta WARS consisting of 9 segments 3.3 * 3.3 mm² each Measurements: 1. with NaI(Tl) spectrometer 2. windowless Proportional counter 3. Imager / Beta mode a) without and b) with additional 0.3mm Aluminium filter 31
32 Results of NaI-Spec A (kbq) X 2,11 2,04 2,15 Y 1,95 1,91 1,90 SD Z 1,82 1,77 1,72 7,7% 32
33 33
34 1,02 1,07 1,06 0,99 1,03 1,03 0,92 0,95 0,92 STD 5,7 34
35 0,97 1,07 0,96 1,05 1,13 1,06 0,91 0,97 0,88 STD 8,2 35
36 Results Nonuniformity seems to increase by adding filters The stronger the photon energy, the stronger the effect of nonuniformity The pattern of the sources with absorber foil looks always similar 36
37 Outlook 1. ISO :1996 Uniformity of alpha-/ beta- / photon-emitting sources is expressed in terms fo Standard Deviation of portions with max.10cm² ; STD < 10 % Class 1 and 2 2. ISO NEW! Uniformity criteria of alpha-/ beta- / photon-emitting sources have been increased by reduced portions from max.10 to max. 5 cm² ; and reduced STD < 5 % Class 1 37
38 Outlook (contd.) 3. ANSI N42/29 ( draft?) 4. Intercomparison of NMI s with 4 WARS of different Alpha- / Beta- nuclides is planned in Developement of alternative measuring methods needed 38
39 39
40 Publication Sato et al. ARI (2004) 40
41 US-Patent Registered in
42 42
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