The Halogen Family By:Alexis H, Andres T

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1 The Halogen Family By:Alexis H, Andres T

2 What are the physical characteristics? The halogen family are non-metallic elements. Solids- Iodine, and Astatine Liquids- Bromine Gases- Fluorine, and Chlorine Fluorine is pale yellow Chlorine is yellowish-green Bromine is orange to reddish-brown Iodine is dark violet Astatine is is dark black

3 What are the chemical characteristics? The halogen family is highly reactive. The halogen family have low melting and boiling points. The halogen family are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Fluorine M.P. is F/Density is g Chlorine M.P. is F/Density is g Bromine M.P. is 19.04F/Density is 3.12 g Iodine M.P. is 236.7F/Density is 4.94 g Astatine M.P. is 575.3F/Density is N/A

4 How was the Halogen family discovered? The halogen family can be found in earth s crust. Fluorine was discovered by Henri Moissan and is found in China, Mexico, and Western Europe. Chlorine was discovered by Carl Wilhelm and is found in 1.9%of the mass of seawater. Bromine was discovered by Antoine Jerome and Leopold Gmelin and is found in earth s crust and in seawater. Iodine was discovered by Bernard Courtois and is found in seawater. Astatine was discovered by Dale Corson, Kenneth McKenzie, and Emilio Segre and is found in earth s crust or even in uranium and thorium.

5 Interesting facts about Fluorine Fluorine is found in nature in the form of calcium fluoride, called fluorite, which forms regular crystals Fluorine gas is a pale yellow, corrosive gas, which reacts with most organic and inorganic substances. Finely divided metals, glass, ceramics, carbon, and even water burn in fluorine with a bright flame Fluorine and its compounds are used in producing uranium and more than 100 commercial fluorochemicals, including many high-temperature plastics Fluorine as a dissolved fluoride in drinking water can help prevent cavities in teeth

6 Interesting facts about Chlorine Commonly used in products such as, paper, medicines, paints and plastics Chlorine is used industrially and commercially to fight infection and bacteria, and for bleaching or whitening of textiles Chlorine has two stable isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37

7 Interesting facts about Bromine Bromine does not occur naturally on Earth as an element Bromine is only the 64th most common element on Earth It is more rare than three quarters of the elements that comprise the Earth's crust Most bromine produced is extracted from brine Bromine has two stable isotopes Br-79 makes up slightly more than 50% of all bromine found, and Br-81 makes up just over 49%

8 Interesting facts about Iodine Iodine is fairly rare in both the Earth's crust and in the solar system Iodine is the 47th most abundant element in the solar system It is the 60th most common element in the Earth's crust Iodine is very soluble in water and is found more abundantly in the ocean and in brine at 0.04 parts per million The most stable radioactive isotope is I-129, which has a 15.7 million year half-life

9 Interesting facts about Astatine Since astatine is usually only found as a state of another heavier element in the process of radioactive decay, astatine is one of the rarest elements on Earth Only up to one gram of astatine at a time has ever been discovered in nature Astatine cannot be seen with the naked eye, since a large enough sample would immediately disintegrate due to its own radioactivity There are thirty-two isotopes of astatine All of them are radioactive, with the most stable being At-210, whose half-life is just over eight hours

10 Dangers with Fluorine If inhaled in small amounts, it causes severe irritation to the respiratory system(nose,throat,and lungs). In larger amounts it could cause death. Fluorine can destroy the male's reproductive system. Fluorine can cause brain damage. Fluorine can damage bones

11 Dangers with Chlorine Can cause symptoms of asthma in swimmers Eye and skin irritations can occur in chlorine exposure. Chlorine gas can cause difficulty breathing, chest pains, coughing, eye irritations, increased heartbeat, rapid breathing, and even death.

12 Dangers with Bromine Bromine is corrosive to human tissue in a liquid state and its vapors irritate eyes and throat. Bromine vapors are very toxic with inhalation. Health effects also like the malfunction of the nervous system. Can Cause dna damage.

13 Dangers with Iodine Iodine in the air can combine with water particles and precipitate in water and soils Iodine in soils will combine with organic matter and remain in the same place for a long time. Plants that grow in these soils may absorb iodine. Cattle and other animals will absorb iodine when they eat these plants. More than 1,100 micrograms of iodine a day for adults can be dangerous. It could cause thyroid problems

14 Dangers with Astatine Astatine does not really harm people because it s mostly in earth s crust and not in the biosphere. Which doesn t really prevent a risk.

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