Evolution of the Halogen Free concept in the world. Framework regulatory and influence in the local market. Santiago de Chile 30/06/2018

Transcription

1 Evolution of the Halogen Free concept in the world. Framework regulatory and influence in the local market Santiago de Chile 30/06/2018

2 What an halogen is?

3 3 Definition of halogens The halogens represents a specific group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: Fluorine (F) Chlorine (Cl) Bromine (Br) Iodine (I) Astatine (At)

4 4 Definition of halogens Halogen element constitutes the Group 17 of the periodic table of elements.

5 5 Iodine Iodine is an essential element needed for life. It is best known for the vital role it plays in thyroid hormone production in humans as well as in all vertebrates. Iodine deficiency can lead to serious health problems atomic number 53 atomic weight melting point boiling point specific gravity C (236 F) 184 C (363 F) 4.93 at 20 C (68 F) oxidation states 1, +1, +3, +5, +7 electron configuration or (Kr)5s 2 4d 10 5p 5 * Britannica and Live Science

6 6 Iodine FRs containing lodine have very good flame retardant properties. The trend is that for the halogens the FR properties increase as you go down the Group VII elements. However, for electronic and electrical type of applications. the iodine containing FR decomposes at a temperature that is too low to be very effective. Rarely used

7 7 Astatine Astatine (At), radioactive chemical element and the heaviest member of the halogen elements. Astatine is the rarest element on Earth; only approximately 25 grams occur naturally on the planet at any given time. Its existence was predicted in the 1800s, but was finally discovered about 70 years later. So it is of no concern to electronic or electrical products. Atomic number 85 stablest isotope 210 oxidation states 1, +1, +3(?), +5, +7(?) electron config. (Xe)4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 5 * Britannica and Live Science

8 8 Fluorine Fluorine (F) is the most reactive chemical element and the lightest member of the halogen elements. Its chemical activity is due to its high aptitude to attract electrons (it is the most electronegative element) and to the small size of its atoms. atomic number 9 atomic weight melting point boiling point density (1 atm, 0 C or 32 F) oxidation states C ( F) 188 C ( 306 F) g/litre (0.226 ounce/gallon) 1 electron config. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 * Britannica and Live Science

9 9 Chlorine Chlorine (Cl), chemical element, the second lightest member of the halogen elements. Chlorine is a toxic, corrosive, greenish yellow gas that is irritating to the eyes and to the respiratory system. omic number 17 atomic weight melting point boiling point density (1 atm, 0 C or 32 F) 103 C ( 153 F) 34 C ( 29 F) g/litre (0.429 ounce/gallon) oxidation states 1, +1, +3, +5, +7 electron config. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 * Britannica and Live Science

10 10 Bromine Bromine, is a fairly abundant element but has a rare property: it is the only nonmetal to exist in liquid form at room temperature, and one of only two elements (the other being mercury) that is liquid at room temperature and pressure. atomic number 35 atomic weight melting point boiling point specific gravity 7.2 C (19 F) 59 C (138 F) 3.12 at 20 C (68 F) oxidation states 1, +1, +3, +5, +7 electron configuration (Ar)3d 10 4s 2 4p 5 * Britannica and Live Science

11 11 Bromine The brominated and chlorinated flame retardants are normally organic substances that are both persistent and bio-accumulative. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on this usage of halogens in electronic and electrical products. As those elements cannot always be collected to be combusted under controlled circumstances, there is a market demand to be able to choose whether or not the product may contain PVC

12 12 Why are they so important? During a fire halogens material react with hydrogen to form a hydrogen halide which could cause harmful effects if someone would inhale these gases Potential health impacts include: severe irritation of the eyes, swelling of the eyes, nose, throat.

13 13 Why are they so important? Chlorine gas is highly toxic. Breathing in chlorine at a: Concentration of 3 parts per million can rapidly cause a toxic reaction. Concentration of 50 parts per million is highly dangerous. Concentration of 500 parts per million for a few minutes is lethal.

14 14 Why are they so important? Astatine is very radioactive and thus highly dangerous, but it has not been produced in macroscopic quantities and hence it is most unlikely that its toxicity will be of much relevance to the average individual

15 15 Why are they so important? Pure bromine is somewhat toxic, but less toxic than fluorine and chlorine. One hundred milligrams of bromine is lethal. Bromide anions are also toxic, but less so than bromine. Bromide has a lethal dose of 30 grams.

16 16 Why are they so important? Iodine is somewhat toxic, being able to irritate the lungs and eyes, with a safety limit of 1 milligram per cubic meter. When taken orally, 3 grams of iodine can be lethal. Iodide anions are mostly nontoxic, but these can also be deadly if ingested in large amounts.

17 17 Why are they so important? As a consequence, many installation rules provide requirements to forbid or limit the electrical products containing halogen free. For example the Italian standard CEI 64-8 in case of locations with an higher risk in case of fire like: Installations with a massive presence of people (cinemas, malls, airports ) Installations with difficulties in case of emergency evacuations (hospitals, jails )

18 How to check the presence of halogens?

19 19 How to veryfy the presence of halogens? The main test procedure used to verify the presence of halogens was born in Europe following to an action of the cable industry.

20 20 How to veryfy the presence of halogens? The first range of standards was thus the EN which have been adopted in 1999 at European level (CENELEC)

21 21 How to veryfy the presence of halogens? EN :1999 Common test methods for cables under fire conditions. Tests on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables. Apparatus EN :1999 Common test methods for cables under fire conditions. Tests on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables. Procedures. Determination of the amount of halogen acid gas. Determination of the amount of halogen acid gas EN :1999 Common test methods for cables under fire conditions. Tests on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables. Procedures. Determination of degree of acidity of gases for materials by measuring ph and conductivity. Determination of degree of acidity of gases for materials by measuring ph and conductivity EN :1999 Common test methods for cables under fire conditions. Tests on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables. Procedures. Determination of degree of acidity of gases for cables by determination of the weighted average of ph and conductivity. Determination of degree of acidity of gases for cables by determination of the weighted average of ph and conductivity

22 22 How to veryfy the presence of halogens? Boomerang procedure: EN standards are offered to the international standardisation Commission (IEC) in order to transform them into an worldwide document.

23 23 How to veryfy the presence of halogens? For this reason, the name of the standard changed, but the requirements remain basically the same: EN IEC 60754

24 24 How to veryfy the presence of halogens? IEC :2011 Test on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables - Part 1: Determination of the halogen acid gas content IEC :2011 Test on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables - Part 2: Determination of acidity (by ph measurement) and conductivity IEC :20111 Test on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables - Part 3: Measurement of low level of halogen content by ion chromatography

25 25 IEC IEC specifies the apparatus and procedure for the determination of the amount of halogen acid gas evolved during the combustion of compounds based on halogenated polymers and compounds containing halogenated additives taken from electric or optical fibre cable constructions.

26 26 IEC : definition halogen acid gas content amount of halogen acid gas evolved, except hydrofluoric acid, expressed as milligrams of hydrochloric acid per gram of total test specimen

27 27 IEC : Test procedure This test is based on the determination of the amount of halogen by heating the material under test d in a stream of dry air. The gases shall be absorbed in a solution of sodium hydroxide contained in wash bottles. The amount of halogen acid shall then be determined by acidifying the solution.

28 28 IEC : Test procedure The assembly of the components which constitute the test apparatus shall be leak-tight. The connecting distances between the quartz glass tube and the first bottle and between subsequent bottles shall be as short as possible.

29 IEC : Test procedure 29

30 30 IEC : Test procedure Two test specimens, each consisting of (750 ± 250) mg of the material to be tested, shall be prepared. Each test specimen shall be taken from a sample representative of the material. Each test specimen shall be cut into a number of smaller pieces.

31 31 IEC : Test procedure The prepared test specimens shall be conditioned for at least 16 h at a temperature of (23 ± 2) C and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5) %.

32 32 IEC : Test procedure The combustion boat ( m1 ) was weight to an accuracy of 0,1 mg After conditioning, the test specimen shall be put into the combustion boat and evenly distributed on the bottom of the boat, which shall be weighed to an accuracy of 0,1 mg, The mass m of the test specimen shall be calculated as follows: m = m2 m1 Where: m is the mass of the test specimen in grams; m1 is the mass of the combustion boat in grams; m2 is the mass of the combustion boat with the test specimen, in grams

33 33 IEC : Test procedure The empty combustion boat shall be inserted into the quartz glass tube and placed approximately in the center of the tube furnace. The flow rate of air shall be adjusted by means of a needle valve and shall be kept constant during the determination. The combustion boat shall be heated at an approximately uniform heating rate over a period of (40 ± 5) min. in order to raise the temperature recorded by the thermocouple to (800 ± 10) C, after which it shall be maintained at that temperature for (20 ± 1) min.

34 34 IEC : Test procedure The amount of halogen acid, expressed as milligrams of hydrochloric acid per gram of test specimen taken, shall be determined according to the formula: Where A is the volume in ml of 0,1 M ammonium thiocyanate solution used in the test specimen determination; B is the volume in ml of 0,1 M ammonium thiocyanate solution used in the blank test determination; C is the amount of halogen acid expressed in milligrams of hydrochloric acid per gram of the test specimen; m is the mass of test specimen taken in grams; M is the molarity of ammonium thiocyanate solution; 36,5 is the molar mass of hydrogen chloride.

35 35 IEC : Test procedure The halogen acid gas content of the material, Cm, shall be taken as the mean of the determination of the two test specimens. The individual values shall not vary more than ±10 % where the halogen acid gas content is 5 mg/g.

36 36 IEC : Test procedure IEC specifies the apparatus and procedure for the determination of the potential corrosivity of gases evolved during the combustion of materials taken from electric or optical fibre cable constructions by measuring the acidity (ph) and conductivity of an aqueous solution resulting from the gases evolved during the combustion.

37 37 IEC : definition ph value ph of an aqueous solution resulting from the gases evolved during the combustion of the material under the conditions given in this standard

38 38 IEC : definition ph value ph of an aqueous solution resulting from the gases evolved during the combustion of the material under the conditions given in this standard

39 39 IEC : definition Conductivity value conductivity of an aqueous solution resulting from the gases evolved during the combustion of the material under the conditions given in this standard

40 40 IEC : definition conductivity value conductivity of an aqueous solution resulting from the gases evolved during the combustion of the material under the conditions given in this standard

41 41 IEC : Test procedure What happens when the products is made by different materials? Calculation of the values by taking into considerations the weight of each materials

42 42 IEC : Test procedure The weighted value of ph is calculated as follows: where x is the ph of each non-metallic material, i.

43 43 IEC : Test procedure Measure the weight wi of each non-metallic material i. The weighted value of conductivity, c, is calculated as follows: where ci is the conductibility of each non-metallic material, i.

44 44 IEC : Test procedure Material thresholds: The ph value should not be less than 4,3. The conductivity value should not exceed 10 µs/mm.

45 45 IEC PAS Definition of "Low-Halogen" for electronic product This document provides terms and definitions for "low-halogen" electronic products that have the potential to contain the halogens bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl) from the use of BFRs, CFRs, and PVC, and recommends methods for marking and labeling.

46 46 IEC PAS Definition of "Low-Halogen" for electronic product Environment protection Risk of fire

47 What about Chile?

48 What about Chile? 48

49 49 Chile Therefore, the regulation contains a mix of requirements: Low Halogen content (IEC ) Br 0,5 % in weight Cl 0,5 % in weight Low Corrosion (IEC ) The ph value should not be less than 4,3. The conductivity value should not exceed 10 µs/mm.

50 50 Accreditation of the certification bodies The IAF is the world association of Conformity Assessment Accreditation Bodies and other bodies interested in conformity assessment in the fields of management systems, products, services, personnel and other similar programmes of conformity assessment. Its primary function is to develop a single worldwide program of conformity assessment which reduces risk for business and its customers by assuring them that accredited certificates may be relied upon. Accreditation assures users of the competence and impartiality of the body accredited.

51 Accreditation of the certification bodies 51

52 52 Accreditation of the certification bodies Accreditation bodies main scope is to certify and check their national certification bodies

53 53 Accreditation of the testing labs ILAC is the international organization for accreditation bodies operating in accordance with ISO/IEC and involved in the accreditation of conformity assessment bodies including calibration laboratories (using ISO/IEC 17025), testing laboratories (using ISO/IEC 17025), medical testing laboratories (using ISO 15189) and inspection bodies (using ISO/IEC 17020). Accreditation is the independent evaluation of conformity assessment bodies against recognized standards to carry out specific activities to ensure their impartiality and competence. Through the application of national and international standards, government, procurers and consumers can have confidence in the calibration and test results, inspection reports and certifications provided.

54 Accreditation of the testing laboratories 54

55 55 Accreditation of the testing laboratories Accreditation bodies main scope is to certify and check their national the testing lab

56 56 Chilean protocols There are many Chilean protocols covering different type of products They are relevant to both: Safety aspects; If applicable, HF requirements.

57 57 Chilean protocols After having deepened checked the documents, the local authority issues the Chilean certificate:

58 58 JUNCTION BOXES PROTOCOLS N 3/

59 59 FLEXIBLE CONDUITS PROTOCOL N 3/

60 60 RIGID CONDUITS PROTOCOL N 3/