Unit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? a. same number of protons

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an element by the number of protons, so if two atoms have the same amount of protons then they must have the same element Identity. 2.

1 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? same number of protons same number of chemical bonds same number of neutrons same number of particles in the nucleus Self Assessment Example: The correct answer is A because I know that we identify an element by the number of protons, so if two atoms have the same amount of protons then they must have the same element Identity. 2. Atoms with the same atomic number, but a different atomic mass, are known as alpha particles. ions. nucleons. isotopes. Self Assessment Example: The correct answer is D because an isotope are atoms of the same element with different amounts of Neutrons, which means they have different masses as well. 3. The table below shows some information about a particular element. What is the identity of element X? nickel (Ni) silicon (Si) nitrogen (N) molybdenum (Mo) Self Assessment Example: The correct answer is B because we use the number of protons to identify an atom, and Silicon has 14 protons. 4. Clara is comparing the atomic structure of two isotopes of the element chlorine, Cl-35 and Cl-37. Which statement explains how to distinguish between the isotopes and their element? Isotopes have the same number of electrons but a different atomic number. Isotopes have the same number of neutrons but a different atomic number. Isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Isotopes have the same number of neutrons and electrons but a different number of protons. 5. Fredrick studied an element and drew the electron configuration for that element in his notes. Use Fredrick s diagram below to answer questions 5-7. What is the atomic mass number of the element Fredrick is studying? What is the Identity of Fredrick s Atom? Boron Fluorine Neon Oxygen 7. Fredricks Atom does not have an octet. When this atom forms an Ion, it will do so in order to satisfy the octet rule. What will be the charge of this atom once it has formed an Ion? Fredrick s Atom 8. Which of these represents a pair of isotopes? 9. Which of the following has 12 protons and 10 electrons? A Magnesium Atom A Magnesium Ion with a charge of Which of the following represents a Chlorine Ion? 17 protons; 18 neutrons; 17 electrons 18 protons; 17 neutrons; 18 electrons A Magnesium Ion with a charge of +2 A Magnesium Isotope with a mass of protons; 18 neutrons; 16 electrons 17 protons; 18 neutrons; 18 electrons 11. A Sodium atom has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23 amu (atomic mass units). How many protons and neutrons does a sodium atom have? 11 proton, 12 neutrons 12 protons, 11 neutrons

11 protons, 23 neutrons 23 protons, 11 neutrons 12. John makes a model representing the structure of an atom.

Which element below has the largest atomic number? chlorine (Cl) lithium (Li) 15. Which element below has the smallest atomic mass?

Protons and Electrons can be found inside the nucleus, while neutrons are outside the nucleus. Protons and Neutrons can be found inside the nucleus, while electrons are outside the nucleus.

2 11 protons, 23 neutrons 23 protons, 11 neutrons 12. John makes a model representing the structure of an atom. Which model correctly labels the location of the electrons (e), protons (p), and neutrons (n) in an atom? 13. Which of the following represent Calcium with an atomic mass of 40 amu? 14. Which element below has the largest atomic number? chlorine (Cl) lithium (Li) 15. Which element below has the smallest atomic mass? helium (He) krypton (Kr) magnesium (Mg) neon (Ne) oxygen (O) sodium (Na) 16. Which of the following best explains the locations of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons. Protons and Electrons can be found inside the nucleus, while neutrons are outside the nucleus. Protons and Neutrons can be found inside the nucleus, while electrons are outside the nucleus. Neutrons are inside of the nucleus and protons and electrons are outside of the nucleus. Protons are inside of the nucleus and neutrons and electrons are outside of the nucleus. 17. An element undergoes radioactive decay in which the mass number and atomic number are unchanged, there was no transmutation. What type of radioactive emission MOST LIKELY occurred? beta decay alpha decay delta decay gamma decay 18. The nuclear equation to the right shows the transmutation of indium-116 into tin-116. This is due to nuclear decay, represented by the decay particle X. Notice the proton # increased by 1 causing the transmutation. What type of Nuclear Decay is Represented by X? 19. Which order shows the increasing penetration ability of nuclear radiation? alpha beta gamma gamma alpha beta alpha gamma beta gamma beta alpha 20. Radioactive substances can emit different types of radiation. Which type of radiation has the largest mass?

3 beta radiation alpha radiation Unit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay x-ray radiation gamma radiation 21. What characteristics of gamma rays enable them to penetrate matter up to several meters thick? no electrical charge and no rest mass positive electrical charge and no rest mass no electrical charge and large rest mass positive electrical charge and large rest mass Two scientists, Claudia and Mark, investigate the types of radiation emitted by an unknown radioactive substance. They pass the radiation through an electric Magnetic field and notice the varied behavior of each. The behavior of the three types of radiation, A, B, and C, is shown in the diagram to the right. 22. Which of these identifies the three types of radiation in the diagram above? A = alpha B = beta C = gamma A = alpha B = gamma C = beta A = beta B = gamma C = alpha A = gamma; B = alpha C = beta 23. A scientist has a radioactive substance in a lead container. The lead container is used to make the container so that the container will be safe to use with a radioactive particle inside. What does the radioactive substance MOST LIKELY do? spontaneously explode disturb normal electric fields randomly change from solid to liquid emit high-energy gamma waves 24. What happens to the nucleus when a radioactive atom undergoes beta (B) decay? 2 protons are released and the mass is decreased by 4. A high energy photon of light is release A neutron decays into a proton and an electron is release Low energy microwaves are release 25. Mr. Watson performs an experiment on a radioactive source. He passes alpha, beta, and gamma radiation through three different media of varying thicknesses, as shown in the diagram to the right. Which statement about the penetration power of these types of radiation is true? The beta and gamma radiation can penetrate lea The beta and gamma radiation will not penetrate lea The alpha and beta radiation will not penetrate paper. The alpha and gamma radiation can penetrate aluminum. 26. The most penetrating form of radiation is ultra violet. alph 27. Which of the following is a nuclear fission reaction? a reaction that occurs inside the Sun a reaction that occurs in a nuclear Power plant bet gamm a reaction that combines two nuclei H + H He 28. Two reactions occur that do not obey the Law of Conservation of Mass. The first reaction involves light elements forming heavier ones. The second reaction has heavy elements forming lighter ones. Which statement describes these reactions?

Reaction 1 & 2 = Fusion Reaction 1 & 2 = Fission Unit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay Reaction 1 = Fusion, Reaction 2 = Fission Reaction 1 = Fission, Reaction 2 = Fusion 29.

4 Reaction 1 & 2 = Fusion Reaction 1 & 2 = Fission Unit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay Reaction 1 = Fusion, Reaction 2 = Fission Reaction 1 = Fission, Reaction 2 = Fusion 29. Nuclear fission is the nuclear reaction that we currently use in nuclear power plants. Which of the following a negative impact of the use of Nuclear Fission as a power source. Heat from fission reactions boils water generating steam to turn turbines, This releases water vapor into the atmosphere. Nuclear Fission Reactions can produce 3 million times more energy in regards to kilowatt hours (kwh) Nuclear Fission Power Plants are becoming safer every year with advances in anti-radiation technology. Spent Uranium Fuel from Fission Reactions is toxic waste that will remain dangerously radioactive for 100 s of years. 30. In nuclear fusion, two positively charged nuclei must touch each other despite having the same charge and then fuse together forming a new nucleus entirely. This requires that the nuclei approach each other at low temperatures and low velocity. high temperatures and high velocity. low temperatures and high velocity. high temperatures and low velocity. 31. Which of the following statements BEST describes nuclear fission? Nuclear fission inside stars can absorb or release energy. Nuclear fission causes the reaction inside an atomic bom Nuclear fission is usually present in endothermic reactions. Nuclear fission cannot be used to produce power in nuclear energy plants. 32. Which of the following statements BEST describes nuclear fusion? Nuclear fusion is a common source of energy. Nuclear fusion usually requires freezing temperatures. Nuclear fusion usually requires a high-temperature environment. Nuclear fusion releases a small amount of energy compared to most chemical reactions 33. Nitrogen-13 is a radioactive isotope. After undergoing radioactive decay for 20 minutes, a 16-gram sample of nitrogen-13 was reduced to 4 grams. What is the half-life of nitrogen-13? 4 minutes 10 minutes 5 minutes 20 minutes 34. The nuclear equation to the right shows radon-222 undergoing alpha decay. What is x? 35. Which of the radioactive elements in the table would be the best to use for dating an object that has only been around for a relatively short amount of time. carbon-14, because it has a short half-life uranium-235, because it has a high mass potassium-40, because it has a low mass thorium-232, because it has a long half-life 36. Which of the radioactive elements in the table would be the best to use for dating an object that has been around since the beginning of earth (4.8 billion years ago). carbon-14, because it has a short half-life uranium-235, because it has a high mass potassium-40, because it has a long half-life thorium-232, because it has a long half-life Use the table below to answer questions 35 & When the radioactive isotope cobalt- undergoes radioactive decay, it emits a beta particle, as shown by the equation Which symbol should be written in place of the question mark?

5 38. Iodine-131 is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 8 days. How much of a 40-gram sample of iodine-131 would remain after 24 days? 3 grams 10 grams 5 grams 20 grams 39. Which of the following forms of radiation (nuclear decay) does NOT result in transmutation. Alpha Gamma Beta Delta Use the half-life of Carbon-14 graph to answer How many half-lives have passed after years? one half-life two half-lives three half-lives four half-lives 41. What is the half-life of Carbon-14? 5700 years years years years e years 42. If the original sample of carbon-14 had a mass of 600 grams. How much would remain after years? 25 grams 300 grams 150 grams 75 grams Half-Life Carbon-14 Isotope 43. A nuclear power plant uses uranium as an alternative source of energy for producing electricity. Which of these is the MOST LIKELY reason for uranium to be chosen as an alternative energy source? It gives out harmless gases. It is the strongest known energy source. It gives a large amount of energy for a small amount of fuel. 3,000,000 times more than coal. It is the least polluting compared with other sources even if there is a leak. 44. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear reactions for energy? Nuclear energy can be easily produced, but it is difficult to change the energy to heat energy. Nuclear reactions easily release the energy in chemical bonds but at a very slow decay rate. Nuclear reactions can produce a large amount of energy, but the waste products can be dangerous. Nuclear energy from the Sun produces heat energy that travels to Earth, but it takes a long time to reach Earth. The Following list is populated with resources we use to generate power. i. Hydroelectric ii. Wind iii. Natural Gas 45. Which of resources listed above is considered a renewable resource? i only ii only ii & iii I & ii iv. Nuclear Fission v. Coal vi. Nuclear Fusion 46. Which of the resources listed above is currently used to produce a tremendous amount of energy with NO air pollution? v iv iii vi

6 47. (5 extra credit points) What is the name of the Lady that cleans this room? Unit 1 Test A 1) A. 2) D. 3) B. 4) C. 5) D. 6) B. 7) C. 8) C. 9) C. 10) D. 11) A. 12) B. 13) B. 14) A. 15) A. 16) B. 17) D. 18) A. 19) A. 20) B. 21) A. 22) B. 23) D. 24) C. 25) B. 26) D. 27) B. 28) C. 29) D. 30) C. 31) B. 32) C. 33) C. 34) A. 35) A. 36) C. 37) D. 38) B. 39) C. 40) C. 41) A. 42) C. 43) C. 44) C. 45) D. 46) C. 47) AMBER

Nuclear Physics Questions. 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of?

Nuclear Physics Questions. 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of? Nuclear Physics Questions 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of? 2. What is the definition of the atomic number? What is its symbol?