Element Names Chem Worksheet 1-1

Transcription

1 Element Names Chem Worksheet 1-1 Use a textbook or the website to write the name of the element described below. phosphorus calcium iron nitrogen chlorine helium oxygen neon hydrogen iodine zinc carbon mercury copper gold chromium titanium fluorine nickel silicon sulfur platinum sodium lead 1. This element is the lightest of all the elements and its name means water generator. 2. This element is the second most abundant element in the atmosphere. It s name means acid forming. It is essential for life. 3. It is believed that this element s name may be derived from earlier words meaning holy metal because of its use in weapons making during the crusades. It is also a key element in hemoglobin. 4. Found in leaves, teeth, bones, and shells, this element is the fifth most abundant element in the earth s crust. 5. This element is a coinage metal with a reddish, shiny appearance. It is an excellent conductor of electricity 6. The name of this element literally means, bringer of light. It was originally isolated from urine in an experiment conducted by Hennig Brand. 7. This element s name literally means color because of the numerous colored compounds it forms. It gives rubies their red color and emeralds their green color. 8. We get our name, plumber, from the Latin name of this element. It has been used in pipes for years. It was recently used as a gasoline additive. 9. Found in antiseptics and added to salt, this element has important uses by the thyroid gland found in your neck. It is purple in color. 10.This yellow powdery element is used to vulcanize (harden) rubber, kill fungus, and to bleach paper products and fruit.

2 11.This element s name means pale green. It is a yellowish green gas that is a respiratory irritant. This substance is found in sea salt. 12.This silvery white metal is very soft. It is found in common table salt. 13.This black element s name means charcoal. It is found in all living things. The pure element is found as diamond or graphite. 14.This element s Latin name means liquid silver and it is the only metal that exists at room temperature as a liquid. It is used in thermometers and other measuring devices. 15.This lighter-than-air gas is used to lift large blimps. It is inert (non-reactive). 16.This element has been known about and valued for thousands of years. It is a very soft metal that is used in coins and jewelry. 17.This substance is an inert gas. When electricity is passed through this substance it glows reddish orange. Its name literally means, new. 18.This element is used in etching glass. It is in the same family as bromine. It has also been proven useful in preventing tooth decay. For this reason it is added to toothpaste and water supplies. 19.This metal is often plated with other metals to increases their strength, such as in armor plating. It gives glass a green color. In actuality this element only comprises 25% of the U.S. five-cent-piece. 20.This is the second most abundant element in the earth s crust. It is found in sand, quartz, and rock crystal. It is used in making semi-conductors. 21.This element is a very inert (non-reactive) metal. For this reason it is used in jewelry and in electrical contacts. It s name means silver, and getting a record made of this is considered an accomplishment. 22.Used in making fertilizer, this element is readily available in the earth s atmosphere. It is a colorless, odorless, gas. It can be compressed to a liquid and used as a refrigerant. 23.This is a lightweight metal that is mixed with iron to galvanize steel. For animals it is an important part of the diet. This element is used to make coins as well (the core of the penny is made out of this metal). 24.The metal with the highest melting point. For this reason it is often used as the filament in light bulbs.

3 p^ 1 ' with these properties _ I / Properties of Metals and Nonmetals, ' / ~~\ ELEMENTS are classified as a x with these properties J L WORD BANK Brittle Malleable Conductive Non conductive Ductile Shiny Dull High melting point Low melting point Metals XTnnTTvtnlc J \. S \_^^ 5" <-* c 3 Changes state at Breaks and shatters easily! Resists the flow, Reflects little ligt (from its surfece V..._», Requires high temperature to m n!=f S 1 CD g O cr K JT V \ / J Easily transmits electricity N[ V1 its surface f Reflects light fro 3 To be pulled into A

4 Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table Flow Chart Use the following terms one time each: Atomic Number, Protons,Average Atomic Mass, Number of Electrons, Neutrons /AVERAGE MASS, OF MIXTUREOF ITS \ ISOTOPES WHICH EQUALS WHICH CONTAINS

5 Basic Atomic Structure Worksheet 1. The 3 particles of the atom are: Their respective charges are: a. b. c. a. b. c. Word Bank: amount atomic mass atomic mass atomic mass atomic number name charge electrons neutrons nucleus protons same 1. The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom s, and the number of electrons determines the of the element. 2. The atomic number tells you the number of in one atom of an element. It also tells you the number of in a neutral atom of that element. The atomic number gives the identity of an element as well as its location on the periodic table. No two different elements will have the atomic number. 3. The of an element is the average mass of an element s naturally occurring atom, or isotopes, taking into account the of each isotope. 4. The of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the of the atom. 5. The atomic mass is used to calculate the number of in one atom of an element. In order to calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract the from the.

6 Basic Atomic Structure Worksheet 7. Give the symbol of and the number of protons in one atom of: Lithium Bromine Iron Copper Oxygen Mercury Krypton Helium 8. Give the symbol of and the number of electrons in a neutral atom of: Uranium Xenon Boron Iron Chlorine Magnesium Iodine Hydrogen 9. Give the symbol of and the number of neutrons in one atom of: (Mass numbers are ALWAYS whole numbers...show your calculations) Barium Calcium Carbon Mercury Fluorine Magnesium Bismuth Hydrogen 10. Name the element which has the following numbers of particles: a. 26 electrons, 29 neutrons, 26 protons b. 53 protons, 74 neutrons c. 2 electrons (neutral atoms) d. 20 protons e. 86 electrons, 125 neutrons, 82 protons f. 0 neutrons 11. If you know ONLY the following information can you ALWAYS determine what the element is? (Yes/No) a. Number of protons b. Number of neutrons c. Number of electrons in a neutral atom d. Number of electrons

7 Basic Atomic Structure Worksheet 12. Fill in the missing items in the table below. NAME SYMBOL ATOMIC # ATOMIC MASS # of PROTONS # of Electrons # of Neutron Na 17 Potassium P Iron 32.1 Silver 19 W Au 39.9

8 Isotope and Ions Practice Worksheet Name: Part I: Isotopes 1. Define an isotope. 2. What would happen if the number of protons were to change in an atom? 3. Another way to write isotopes is to write the name of the element then add the mass number after a dash, for example, 14 6C is carbon-14. Why isn t the atomic number needed for this notation? 4. Here are three isotopes of an element: 6 12 C 6 13 C 6 14 C a. The element is: b. The number 6 refers to the c. The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the d. How many protons and neutrons are in the first isotope? e. How many protons and neutrons are in the second isotope? f. How many protons and neutrons are in the third isotope? Complete the following chart: Part II: Ions Isotope name atomic # mass # # of protons # of neutrons # of electrons 92 uranium uranium boron-10 5 boron-11 Determine the charges on the following using the diagram above as a guide: 1. An atom having lost two electrons 2. An atom having lost six electrons 3. An atom having gained one electron 4. An atom having gained three electrons 5. An atom having lost five electrons 6. An atom having gained two electrons 7. An atom having lost one electron 8. An atom having gained four electrons

9 Ions Continued Complete the following: 1. For each of the positive ions listed in column 1, use the periodic table to find in column 2 the total number of electrons that ion contains. The same answer may be used more than once. 1. Al +3 A. 2 Element/Ion 1 H 1 1 H Fe +3 B Mg +2 C Sn +2 D Co +2 E Co +3 F Li +1 G Cr +3 H Rb +1 I Pt +2 J. 81 Cl - 24 Mg Ag + 47 Atomic Number Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Number of Electrons Mass Number

10 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET PART A Given the following isotopes, determine the atomic number, the mass number, the number of protons, electrons and neutrons. Isotope Symbol 131i S3 1 Atomic Number Mass Number Protons Electrons Neutrons Isotope Name Us He SAI 81W 36 Kr SlDU 37KD PARTB Complete the following chart by writing the symbol for the isotope of the following elements. In addition, give the number of protons, electrons, mass number and atomic number and complete the element name. Element Name Uranium- Neutrons 145 Protons Electrons Mass Number Atomic Number Isotope Symbol Chlorine- 28 Oxygen- 9 Boron- 6 Beryllium- 5 Hydrogen- 1 Carbon- 8

11 Isotopes or Different Elements Chapter 4 In each of the following statements, you are given a pair of elements and important information about each. Use this information to determine if the pair of elements is isotopes or different elements. Indicate your answer in the space provided. 1. Element D has 6 protons and 7 neutrons. Element F has 7 protons and 7 neutrons. 2. Element J has 27 protons and 82 neutrons. Element L has 27 protons and 83 neutrons. 3. Element X has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Element Y has 18 protons and 17 neutrons. 4. Element Q has 56 protons and 81 neutrons. Element R has 56 protons and 82 neutrons. 5. Element T has an atomic number of 20 and a mass number of 40. Element Z has an atomic number of 20 and a mass number of Element W has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Element V has 7 protons and 8 neutrons. 7. Element P has an atomic number of 92 and a mass number of 238. Element S has 92 protons and 143 neutrons.

12 Name Date Period Directions: Complete the following table. ION Chart Ion Symbol s 2 - Protons Electrons Charge K 1 * Ba 2 * Fe 3 * Fe 2 * F 1 - o 2 - p3- Sn 4 * Sn 2 * N 3 - Br 1 ' Mg 2 * Cu 1 * Cu w U M Mn 5 * Cl' Se 2 -

13 Chemical Bonding Questions 1. What is a chemical bond? 2. Chemical bonds are formed by the and/or of electrons. 3. What does the chemical formula for a compound tell us? 4. The formula for rust is Fe 2 O 3. The 2 and 3 are called. The 2 tells us that there are and the 3 tells us that there are contained in the compound. 5. Write a formula for a compound that contains 2 atoms of aluminum and 3 atoms of sulfur. 6. Write a formula for a compound that contains 1 atom of calcium and 2 atoms of fluorine. 7. What is an ion? 8. In a neutral atom, the number of protons the number of electrons. 9. What are valence electrons? 10. If a neutral atom gains electrons, it becomes a ion, called a(n). 11. If a neutral atom loses electrons, it becomes a ion, called a(n). 12. How can you determine if an atom will form a positive ion or a negative ion?

14 13. What is an ionic bond? 14. What is an ionic compound? 15. What are the properties of ionic compounds? 16. What is a covalent bond? 17. What is a molecular/covalent compound? 18. What are the properties of covalent compounds?

15 LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS Name Lewis diagrams are a way to indicate the number of valence electrons around an atom. Na', spp. 'N: are all examples of this type of diagram. Draw Lewis dot diagrams of the following atoms. 1. calcium 6. carbon 2. potassium 7. helium 3. argon 8. oxygen 4. aluminum 9. phosphorus 5. bromine 10. hydrogen Chemistry IF8766 Instructional Fair, Inc.