How Old is the Solar System?
|
|
- Anabel Rogers
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 How Old is the Solar System? Earth s crust is constantly changing due to volcanoes, erosion, and plate tectonics. So Earth rocks do not preserve a record of the early days of the Solar System. Instead, we must study other objects From the analysis of the oldest lunar rocks, we get ages around 4.4 billion years. From very primitive meteorites, the estimate for the age of the Solar System is 4.6 billion years. Where do these dates come from?
2 Elements vs. Isotopes Each atom has a nucleus of protons & neutrons surrounded by a cloud of 1 or more electrons. The number of protons in an atom defines which chemical element that atom is: All hydrogen atoms contain 1 proton. All carbon atoms contain 6 protons. All uranium atoms contain 92 protons. The periodic table is a list of all chemical elements.
3 See also Appendix D on page A-13.
4 Elements vs. Isotopes In addition to protons, each atom also contains some number of neutrons. Chemical elements are defined by # of protons. Isotopes are defined by the number of neutrons: carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons, carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. All isotopes of carbon act like carbon chemically.
5 Radioactive Isotopes Some isotopes are unstable and will break down (or decay) into another isotope: For example, carbon-14 decays into nitrogen-14. Everything contains some quantity of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes, even our bodies. The unstable isotope that decays is known as the parent isotope. The isotope that is made by decay is known as the daughter isotope. parent isotope decay daughter isotope
6 Radiometric Dating If we can identify a parent-daughter pair in a lab, we have a way of determining the time since the rock solidified. Here s how it works Each isotope has a characteristic time to decay called the half-life: The time it takes 50% of parent sample to decay carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 years. iron-60 has a half-life of 2.6 million years. potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.3 billion years.
7 Radiometric Dating Let s start with 1 kg of parent (with a half-life 1 yr) and watch it decay into the daughter: 1 yr 1 yr 1 yr 1 yr 1 yr 1 yr 1 yr 1 kg 0 kg ½ kg ½ kg ¼ kg ¾ kg 1 / 8 kg 7 / 8 kg 1 / 32 kg 31 / 32 kg 1 / 128 kg 127 / 128 kg
8 Radiometric Dating As the rock ages, the parent decays away and the daughter increases. So the ratio of the amount of daughter to parent (known as D/P) increases. D/P tells us the number of half-lives that have passed. The length of the half-life tells the amount of time that has passed. A solid object, like a rock, will hold onto parent and daughter isotopes inside indefinitely. The only way for the history of the rock to be destroyed is if the rock melts and its atoms mix with other atoms from other rocks.
9 Radiometric Dating In reality, several parent-daughter pairs are used to confirm that the dates are consistent. A remarkably accurate and consistent history of the Solar System can be built in this way. This process can be used to date samples from Earth, the Moon, Mars, and meteorites to learn their individual histories. Plans call for samples from asteroids and the planets to be brought back to Earth for study.
10 If a rock contains equal amounts of daughter and parent isotopes, how old is the rock? A. Less than 1 half-life B. Exactly 1 half-life C. Exactly 2 half-lives D. More than 2 half-lives
11 To find the true age of a rock, you need: A. The ratio of daughter to parent isotopes B. The half-life of the parent isotope C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B is sufficient
12 A rock contains 3 times as much daughter isotope as parent isotope (D/P = 3). If the parent isotope has a half-life of 1 million years, how old is this rock? A. 1 million years B. 2 million years C. 3 million years D. 4 million years
13 You notice an interesting rock on a hike and bring it to a lab. The lab reports that D/P = 15 for samarium-146 and neodymium-142. You find out that samarium-146 decays into neodymium-142 with a half-life of 103 million yrs. How old is your rock? A. About 100 million years B. About 140 million years C. About 400 million years D. About 1.4 billion years (1400 million years)
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Absolute Dating. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
It s About Time! How can the absolute age of rock be determined? Determining the actual age of an event or object in years is called absolute dating. Scientists often use radioactive isotopes to find the
More informationNotepack 19. AIM: How can we tell the age of rocks? Do Now: Regents Question: Put the layers of rock in order from oldest to youngest.
Notepack 19 AIM: How can we tell the age of rocks? Do Now: Regents Question: Put the layers of rock in order from oldest to youngest. Geological Time Geological Time refers to time as it relates to the
More informationThe Earth. February 26, 2013
The Earth February 26, 2013 The Planets 2 How long ago did the solar system form? Definition: Cosmic Rays High-energy particles that constantly bombard objects in space Mostly they are hydrogen nuclei
More informationLesson Learning Goal
Rock Dating Lesson Learning Goal 4/12 n I can identify current methods for measuring the age of Earth and its parts, including the law of superposition and radioactive dating. Think About It... How old
More informationRock of Ages, or Ages of Rocks
Rock of Ages, or Ages of Rocks How do we know a Moon rock is 4.2 Gyr old (for example?) See section 7.4 for content Age of formation of rocks is determined by radioisotope dating all matter is composed
More information3 Absolute Dating: A Measure of Time
CHAPTER 3 3 Absolute Dating: A Measure of Time SECTION The Rock and Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How can geologists learn the
More informationAbsolute Age - Radioactive Decay. Absolute Age - Isotopes. Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay
GEOL 100 (Planet Earth) #12 - Earth s Clock Geologic Time - Absolute Age Absolute Age = age of rock (or geologic event) in years. Need constant process as well as record of process; constant process in
More informationPhys 214. Planets and Life
Phys 214. Planets and Life Dr. Cristina Buzea Department of Physics Room 259 E-mail: cristi@physics.queensu.ca (Please use PHYS214 in e-mail subject) Lecture 10. Geology and life. Part 1 (Page 99-123)
More informationAnnouncements. Reminder: HW 3 is due Thursday, 5 PM. HW 2 can still be turned in (with the late penalty) today before 5 PM.
Announcements Reminder: HW 3 is due Thursday, 5 PM HW 2 can still be turned in (with the late penalty) today before 5 PM. 1 Lecture 9 : Meteorites and the Early Solar System 2 Meteorite terminology Meteoroid:
More informationThe principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out
Correlating beds using index fossils Stratigraphic Classification: Piles of stratified rocks need to be classified. A formation is an easily identifiable rock unit that differs from layers above and below
More informationChapter 3 Time and Geology
Chapter 3 Time and Geology Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative dating - Using fundamental principles of geology (Steno's Laws, Fossil Succession, etc.) to determine the relative ages of rocks (which rocks
More informationLecture 9 : Meteorites and the Early Solar System
Lecture 9 : Meteorites and the Early Solar System 1 Announcements Reminder: HW 3 handed out this week, due next week. HW 1 will be returned Wednesday and solutions posted. Midterm exam Monday Oct 22, in
More informationSolar System Unit Tracking Sheet
Name Period Mrs. Coates Earth Science Solar System Unit Tracking Sheet Learning Target The Solar System is 4.6 billion years old Question Example How is the age of the solar system estimated by scientists?
More informationAbsolute Ages of Rocks
Benchmarks SC.A..3.5 (pp. 269 273); SC.A.2.3.2 (pp. 269 273); SC.D..3.2 Annually Assessed (pp. 273 276): knows that over the whole Earth, organisms are growing, dying, and decaying ; SC.D..3.3 (pp. 273
More informationName: Period: Half-life and Radiometric Dating
Name: Period: Half-life and Radiometric Dating Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to understand half-life and how it is used in determining the age of materials. Students will also understand the limitations
More informationGuided Notes Geologic History
Guided Notes Geologic History Relative Age Sequence of Events Correlation Techniques Volcanic Ash Markers Index Fossils Geologic Time Scale Evolution Radioactive Dating 9) How has Earth changed over time?
More informationChapter 7 Earth Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 7 Earth Units of Chapter 7 7.1 Overall Structure of Planet Earth 7.2 Earth s Atmosphere Why Is the Sky Blue? The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming 7.3 Earth s Interior Radioactive Dating Units
More informationGeologic Time: Hutton s Outcrop at Siccar Point. How do we determine age (relative & absolute) What is the age of the earth? How do we know?
Geologic Time: How do we determine age (relative & absolute) What is the age of the earth? How do we know? What is the age of the Earth? A. 4.44 million years B. 1 million years C. 4.55 billion years D.
More informationRelative Dating. How do we determine a rocks age by the surrounding rocks?
Relative Dating How do we determine a rocks age by the surrounding rocks? 1 Geologic History 2 Relative Dating Uniformitarianism - the idea that forces working on our planet today worked on our planet
More informationRadioactive Dating. chapter 9. The Chemistry of Unstable Elements
chapter 9 Radioactive Dating In Chapter 1, we briefly discussed the discovery of radioactivity and the work of Becquerel, the Curies, and Rutherford in the early twentieth century. Their research led to
More informationTOPIC 1: RELATIVE DATING ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DO WE DETERMINE A ROCK S AGE BY THE SURROUNDING ROCKS?
TOPIC 1: RELATIVE DATING ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DO WE DETERMINE A ROCK S AGE BY THE SURROUNDING ROCKS? TOPIC 1: RELATIVE DATING UNIFORMITARIANISM: THE IDEA THAT THE SAME FORCES HAVE BEEN AND CONTINUE
More informationClues to Earth s Past
chapter 3 3 Clues to Earth s Past section 3 Absolute Ages of Rocks What You ll Learn how absolute age differs from relative age how the half-lives of isotopes are used to tell a rock s age Before You Read
More informationThe Moon & Mercury: Dead Worlds
The Moon & Mercury: Dead Worlds There are many similarities between the Moon and Mercury, and some major differences we ll concentrate mostly on the Moon. Appearance of the Moon from the Earth We ve already
More informationBasic Chemistry. What is matter? Atomic Structure 8/25/2016
Basic Chemistry What is matter? Any substance in the universe that has mass and occupies space. All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms are the smallest building block of chemistry. Smallest unit in chemical
More informationChapter 3 Time and Geology
Chapter 3 Time and Geology Finding the age of rocks: Relative versus Actual Dating The science that deals with determining the ages of rocks is called geochronology. Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative
More informationChapter 09 Geologic Time
Physical Geology 1330 116-S&R 1 Chapter 09 Geologic Time Lectures 12 & 13 Dr. Mike Murphy mmurphy@mail.uh.edu 333-S&R-1 www.uh.edu/~mamurph2/homepage.html Two Ways to Date Geologic Events 1. Relative Dating
More informationLECTURE #2: Elements & Minerals. I. Recitations start next week! please make sure you attend the class and talk with your TA about what is expected
GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #2: Elements & Minerals Date: 11 January 2018 I. Recitations start next week! please make sure you attend the class and talk with your TA about what
More informationQuestion 1 (1 point) Question 2 (1 point) Question 3 (1 point)
Question 1 (1 point) If the Earth accreted relatively slowly, the heat obtained from the gravitational potential energy would have had time to escape during its accretion. We know that the Earth was already
More informationWhat we ll learn today:!
Learning Objectives (LO) Lecture 17: Age Dating and Earth History Read: Chapter 12-13 Homework #14 What we ll learn today:! 1. 1. Define the concept of half-life and absolute age dating! 2. 2. List the
More informationToday. Events. Terrestrial Planet Geology. Fall break next week - no class Tuesday
Today Terrestrial Planet Geology Events Fall break next week - no class Tuesday When did the planets form? We cannot find the age of a planet, but we can find the ages of the rocks that make it up. We
More informationEarth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
More informationMeasuring the Age of things (Astro 202 2/12/08) Nomenclature. Different Elements. Three Types of Nuclear Decay. Carbon 14 Decay.
Measuring the Age of things (Astro 202 2/12/08) Nomenclature + Proton Different Elements Neutron Electron Element: Number of Protons Carbon 12 6 protons 6 neutrons 6 electrons Nitrogen 14 7 protons 7 neutrons
More informationon it, can still ripen a bunch of grapes as though it had nothing else in the Universe to do. Galileo Galilei
The Sun, with all the planets revolving around it, and depending on it, can still ripen a bunch of grapes as though it had nothing else in the Universe to do. Galileo Galilei What We Will Learn Today Where
More informationgeologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years
Geologic Time Geologic Time geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years Geologic Time very difficult to appreciate from our human perspective necessary to understand history of Earth two basic ways
More information!!!!! STOP!!!!! What is environmental geology? Earth as a closed system implies nearly everything is cycled, recycled
What is environmental geology?!!!!! STOP!!!!! Geology Study of rocks and minerals that comprise earth s surface and interior and the natural processes that shape the earth s surface and interior over all
More information!!!!! STOP!!!!! What is environmental geology?
!!!!! STOP!!!!! What is environmental geology? Geology Study of rocks and minerals that comprise earth s surface and interior and the natural processes that shape the earth s surface and interior over
More informationEarth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 2: Solar System Formation Due in class Tuesday, Jan. 26, 2016
Name: Section: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 2: Solar System Formation Due in class Tuesday, Jan. 26, 2016 Can we use our observations of the solar system to explain how it formed?
More informationGeologic Time: Hutton s Outcrop at Siccar Point
Geologic Time: How do we determine age (relative & absolute) What is the age of the earth? How do we know? Hutton s Outcrop at Siccar Point Hutton looked at this outcrop and reasoned that the Earth was
More informationTRACE FOSSIL FOSSIL ICE CORE RELATIVE DATING SUPERPOSITION ABSOLUTE DATING GEOLOGIC COLUMN UNIFORMITARIANISM HALF-LIFE RADIOACTIVE DECAY
THIS IS NOT THE SAME TEST. YOU MUST ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. NAME: Bubble the circle below U3L1 Write the letter next to the vocab term VOCAB MATCH 1 A. O B. O C. O D. O 1 2 A. O B. O C. O D. O 2 3 A. O B.
More informationWhat does the solar system look like?
What does the solar system look like? The solar system exhibits clear patterns of composition and motion. These patterns are far more important and interesting than numbers, names, and other trivia. Relative
More informationPTYS 214 Spring Announcements. Next midterm 3/1!
PTYS 214 Spring 2018 Announcements Next midterm 3/1! 1 Previously Solar flux decreases as radiation spreads out away from the Sun Planets are exposed to some small amount of the total solar radiation A
More informationGEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications
GEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications Geology Laboratory - GEOL 101 Ray Rector - Instructor Earth s Age and History How Old Is the Earth? How Can We Determine Earth s Geologic History? Scientific
More informationGeology Laboratory - GEOL 101. Ray Rector - Instructor
GEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications Geology Laboratory - GEOL 101 Ray Rector - Instructor Earth s Age and History How Old Is the Earth? How Can We Determine Earth s Geologic History? Two Primary
More informationNOTES: The Fossil Record and Geologic Time
NOTES: The Fossil Record and Geologic Time Vocabulary: Paleontologist Fossil record extinct Relative dating Absolute dating Geologic time scale Objectives: What are fossils? How are they made? How do scientists
More informationTelling Geologic Time
Telling Geologic Time Trilobite fossils these arthropods went extinct during the great extinction at the end of the Permian Period ~250 Ma ka = kilo-annum Ma = Mega-annum Ga = Giga-annum Relative dating
More informationDetermining Absolute Age
CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2 The Rock Record Determining Absolute Age KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: Why can t scientists use rates of erosion and deposition as the only ways
More informationEarth. Interior Crust Hydrosphere Atmosphere Magnetosphere Tides
Earth Interior Crust Hydrosphere Atmosphere Magnetosphere Tides Semi-major Axis 1 A.U. Inclination 0 Orbital period 1.000 tropical year Orbital eccentricity 0.017 Rotational period 23 h 56 min 4.1 s Tilt
More informationGeologic History Unit Notes. Relative age - general age statement like older, younger more recent
Geologic History Unit Notes Relative age - general age statement like older, younger more recent Absolute age - specific age like 4,600 million years old Fundamental Principles of Relative Dating 1. Uniformitarianism
More informationPage 17a. Objective: We will identify different types of radioactive decay. Warm-up:
Page 17a Objective: We will identify different types of radioactive decay. Warm-up: What are the three subatomic particles? Where is each particle located in the atom? What is an isotope? Page 17a (again)
More informationLab 14. RADIOACTIVITY
Lab 14. RADIOACTIVITY 14.1. Guiding Question What are the properties of different types of nuclear radiation? How does nucelar decay proceed over time? 14.2. Equipment 1. ST360 Radiation Counter, G-M probe
More informationOrigin of the Solar System
Solar nebula Formation of planetismals Formation of terrestrial planets Origin of the Solar System Announcements There will be another preceptor-led study group Wednesday at 10:30AM in room 330 of Kuiper
More information2. Can you name earth s three eras and explain why they are divided that way?
Unit: 3 Earth s History LT 3.1 Earth s History: I can map out a basic history of the earth, including key events. 1. Can you place the key events of earth s history in order? #1 Yes I can: 2. Can you name
More informationDating. AST111 Lecture 8a. Isotopic composition Radioactive dating
Dating Martian Lafayette Asteroid with patterns caused by the passaged through the atmosphere. Line on the fusion crust were caused by beads of molten rock. AST111 Lecture 8a Isotopic composition Radioactive
More information(4) Meteorites: Remnants of Creation
(4) Meteorites: Remnants of Creation Meteoroid: small piece of debris in space Meteor: space debris heated by friction as it plunges into the Earth s atmosphere Meteorite: Space debris that has reached
More informationChapter 8 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Formation of the Solar System
Chapter 8 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Formation of the Solar System Formation of the Solar System 8.1 The Search for Origins Our goals for learning: Develop a theory of solar system
More information6. Relative and Absolute Dating
6. Relative and Absolute Dating Adapted by Sean W. Lacey & Joyce M. McBeth (2018) University of Saskatchewan from Deline B, Harris R, & Tefend K. (2015) "Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology". First
More informationHISTORICAL NOTES. Catastrophism. James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old
1 GEOLOGIC TIME HISTORICAL NOTES Catastrophism James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old Uniformitarianism Charles Lyell published Principles of Geology 1830. 3 HOW DO WE
More informationThe performance expectation above was developed using the following elements from A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Disciplinary Core Ideas
HS-ESS1-1 HS-ESS1-1. Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun s core to release energy in the form of radiation. [Clarification
More informationSTUDY GUIDE CHAPTERS 12 & 13 GEOLOGIC TIME CHAPTER 12 SECTION 12.1
NAME PERIOD DATE STUDY GUIDE CHAPTERS 12 & 13 GEOLOGIC TIME CHAPTER 12 SECTION 12.1 1. WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF UNIFORMITARIANISM PUT FORWARD BY JAMES HUTTON IN THE LATE 1700 s? 2. HOW DID UNIFORMITARIANISM
More informationThe Nucleus and Radioactivity
Chapter 0 The Nucleus and Radioactivity Practice Problem Solutions Student Textbook page 904. Conceptualize the Problem - The mass defect is the difference of the mass of the nucleus and the sum of the
More informationPlanet Earth. Our Home APOD
Planet Earth Our Home APOD 1 Earth a highly evolved planet = altered dramatically since formation, due to flow of energy from interior to surface 2 Planet Earth Facts diameter (equator) 12,756 km radius
More informationPrinciple of Uniformitarianism: Laws of nature don t change with time
G e o l o g i c T i m e Principle of Uniformitarianism: Laws of nature don t change with time Radical idea proposed by Hutton in 1780 s Proposed that past events could be explained by modern processes
More informationAP Biology. Why are we studying chemistry? Chapter 2. The Chemical Context of Life. The Basics. The World of Elements.
Chapter 2. The Chemical Context of Life Why are we studying chemistry? Biology has chemistry at its foundation The Basics The World of Elements Everything is made of matter Matter is made of atoms Atoms
More informationGeologic Time: Concepts and Principles
Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles Introduction - An appreciation for the immensity of geologic time is essential for understanding the history of our planet - Geologists use two references for time
More informationHow old is Earth? Bishop of Ireland James Ussher
Geologic Time How old is Earth? Bishop of Ireland James Ussher Not so long ago, the Bible was regarded as the ultimate source of truth. Through the 18th and 19th centuries it was believed that the world
More informationcrater density: number of craters per unit area on a surface
Reading for this week: Chap. 9, Sect. 9.4-9.5, Chap. 10, Sect. 10.1-10.5 Homework 6: due in recitation Friday/Monday (Oct. 13, 16) Midterm grade estimates posted on Blackboard this week Astro 120 Fall
More informationGeologic Time. How old is Earth?
Geologic Time How old is Earth? Not so long ago, the Bible was regarded as the ultimate source of truth. Bishop of Ireland James Ussher Through the 18th and 19th centuries it was believed that the world
More informationName: Date Due: Chemical Reactions. Physical Science Chapter 12
Name: Date Due: Chemical Reactions Physical Science Chapter 12 2 What are Chemical Reactions? 1. Define the following terms: a. chemical reaction= a. reactants= b. products= c. chemical equation= d. law
More informationAge Dating and the Oceans
Age Dating and the Oceans 1. Age dating of geologic materials reveals (a) the age of the Earth, and (b) how long oceans have been on Earth. 2. Relative dating of fossils from the seafloor allows us to
More information9/22/ A Brief Tour of the Solar System. Chapter 6: Formation of the Solar System. What does the solar system look like?
9/22/17 Lecture Outline 6.1 A Brief Tour of the Solar System Chapter 6: Formation of the Solar System What does the solar system look like? Our goals for learning: What does the solar system look like?
More informationAstronomy 101 The Solar System Tuesday, Thursday 2:30-3:45 pm Hasbrouck 20. Tom Burbine
Astronomy 101 The Solar System Tuesday, Thursday 2:30-3:45 pm Hasbrouck 20 Tom Burbine tomburbine@astro.umass.edu Course Course Website: http://blogs.umass.edu/astron101-tburbine/ Textbook: Pathways to
More informationRead It! Station Directions
Read It! Station Directions Each member of the group will read the passage and answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Read It! section. It is important to remember that the answers
More informationNUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIOACTIVITY
CHAPTER 31 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIOACTIVITY CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS 1. REASONING AND SOLUTION Isotopes are nuclei that contain the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. A material is
More information9. RELATIVE AND RADIOMETRIC AGES
LAST NAME (IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: Instructions: 9. RELATIVE AND RADIOMETRIC AGES Your work will be graded on the basis of its accuracy, completion, clarity, neatness, legibility, and correct spelling of
More informationUnit A (225 m.y. old) Unit B (how old is it?) Unit C (275 m.y. old)
Radiometric Dating Relative dating techniques are based on principles can be used to differentiate the relative age rock units and landforms. Relative dating techniques by themselves cannot be used to
More informationQuiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM)
Quiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 7 & 8: Dating Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1. William Smith and Water 2. Stratigraphic Principles 3.
More informationRadioisotopes. alpha. Unstable isotope. stable. beta. gamma
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons Strong forces (nuclear force) hold nucleus together Protons in nucleus have electrostatic repulsion however, strong
More informationGeologic Time. Absolute versus relative time. Absolute time. Absolute time: time in specific units (hours, days, years, etc.)
Absolute versus relative time Absolute time: time in specific units (hours, days, years, etc.) Absolute versus Relative Time Early estimates of the age of the Earth Basic Atomic Chemistry Radiometric Dating
More informationThe Coriolis effect. Why does the cloud spin? The Solar Nebula. Origin of the Solar System. Gravitational Collapse
Origin of the Solar System Our theory must explain the data 1. Large bodies in the Solar System have orderly motions. 2. There are two types of planets. small, rocky terrestrial planets large, hydrogen-rich
More informationCHAPTER 8 DETERMINING EARTH S AGE RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE ROCK AGES. Loulousis
CHAPTER 8 DETERMINING EARTH S AGE RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE ROCK AGES Loulousis Bellringer What are 5 visual clues that help you determine if someone is older or younger than you? Color of hair Wrinkles in
More informationASTR 150. Homework 1 due Monday Planetarium shows begin next week. Register your iclicker! Last time: Meteors Today: Asteroids
ASTR 150 Homework 1 due Monday Planetarium shows begin next week Need to register to reserve a spot Registration, schedule, and report info on course website Register your iclicker! Last time: Meteors
More informationThe History of the Earth
The History of the Earth We have talked about how the universe and sun formed, but what about the planets and moons? Review: Origin of the Universe The universe began about 13.7 billion years ago The Big
More informationGeologic Time Test Study Guide
Geologic Time Test Study Guide Chapter 12 Section 1 The Earth s Story and Those Who First Listened 1. What is the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism? Uniformitarianism: the same geologic
More information2/5/17. #7 Geologic Time #7 Geologic Time
#7 #7 = all of time since Earth formed (4.6 billion years ago, b.y.a.). Geologists study rocks, fossils, geologic structures (faults, folds) to characterize Earth's history. Natural disasters involve present-day.
More informationFossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time.
Section 1: Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the similarities and differences between
More informationAge of Earth/Geologic Time. Vocabulary
Age of Earth/Geologic Time Vocabulary Big Ideas Geologic Time Earth Structures Identify current methods for measuring the age of Earth and its parts, including the law of superposition and radioactive
More informationRADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE M&M s LAB
Name per due date mail box RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE M&M s LAB Background reading - Consider how scientists determine the age of things. Many of the earth s geological processes such as the eruption of volcanoes
More informationSU230R Grades 4-8. Hayes FAST FACTS & DAZZLING DATA OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
Hayes SU230R Grades 4-8 FAST FACTS & DAZZLING DATA OUR SOLAR SYSTEM Fast Facts & Dazzling Data Our Solar System This book was developed for Hayes School Publishing Co., Inc. by Good Neighbor Press, Inc.,
More informationSample Test. 5. Which of the surfaces is the youngest? A) 1A B) 1B C) 1C D) 1D E) There is no way to tell.
Sample Test 1. The yellow arrows in image 1B are pointing to a form of A) liquid erosion. B) plate tectonics. C) tidally cracked surface. D) wind erosion (sand dunes). E) All of the above. 2. If an object
More informationCelestial Objects. Background Questions. 1. What was invented in the 17 th century? How did this help the study of our universe? 2. What is a probe?
Background Questions Celestial Objects 1. What was invented in the 17 th century? How did this help the study of our universe? 2. What is a probe? 3. Describe the Galileo probe mission. 4. What are scientists
More informationUse models to describe the sun s place in space in relation to the Milky Way Galaxy and the distribution of galaxy clusters in the universe.
The Milky Way Galaxy consists of more than two hundred billion stars, the sun being one of them, and is one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the known universe. s of the formation and structure of
More informationa)! War b)! Poisoning c)! Melanoma (skin cancer) d)! STDs (not counting HIV/AIDS) e)! Astronomy related deaths
Leslie Looney This Class (Lecture 3): Phone: 244-3615 Astro-Death is very unlikely Email: lwl1@1uiuc1.1edu Office: Astro Building #218 Office Hours: Next Class: W: 11:00-11:59 a.m. Asteroids/Comets or
More informationGeologic History. Earth is very, very old
Geologic History Earth is very, very old Earth s History The history of Earth and the ages of rocks can be investigated and understood by studying rocks and fossils. Evidence of ancient, often extinct
More informationToday. Solar System Formation. a few more bits and pieces. Homework due
Today Solar System Formation a few more bits and pieces Homework due Pluto Charon 3000 km Asteroids small irregular rocky bodies Comets icy bodies Formation of the Solar System How did these things come
More informationNovember 1, Aims: Agenda. SWABT explain the absolute age of rocks using radiometric dating.
Aims: November 1, 2016 SWABT explain the absolute age of rocks using radiometric dating. Agenda 1. Do Now 2. Class Notes 3. Guided Practice 4. Independent Practice 5. Practicing our AIMS: Homework: HE.3
More informationOutline. Pluto s Surface. Last Homework before Exam (HW#4) is due Friday at 11:50am. Nighttime observing has 4 more nights. Check the webpage.
Last Homework before Exam (HW#4) is due Friday at 11:50am. Nighttime observing has 4 more nights. Check the webpage. 1 st exam is October 10 th 1 week away! Justin will have an extra office hour Thursday
More informationEvolution of the Atmosphere: The Biological Connection
Evolution of the Atmosphere: The Biological Connection The Earth s Four Spheres How It All Began Or At Least How We Think It Began O.k. it s a good guess Egg of energy The Big Bang splattered radiation
More informationRadioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactivity and radiometric dating Atomic structure Radioactivity Allows us to put numerical ages on geologic events Atomic structure reviewed Nucleus composed
More informationRadioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactivity and radiometric dating Atomic structure Radioactivity Allows us to put numerical ages on geologic events Atomic structure reviewed Atom model Nucleus
More informationAbsolute Dating. Using half-lives to study past-lives. Notes #26
Absolute Dating Using half-lives to study past-lives Notes #26 What is radioactivity? (notes) Some atoms have an unstable nucleus Over time, these nuclei* fall apart, creating two smaller atoms (radioactive
More information