Grade 10 Science EXAM REVIEW Multiple Choice

Transcription

1 Grade 10 Science EXAM REVIEW Multiple Choice 1) An example of a chemical reaction is: a) chopping wood b) breaking glass c) dissolving salt d) burning paper 2) An atom of sodium loses electrons to become a charged ion. The number of protons and electons in the ion are: a) 11 protons and 11 electrons b) 11 protons and 12 electrons c) 11 protons and 10 electrons d) 12 protons and 11 electrons 3) Which of the following statements are correct? a) Metals bond when they share electrons. b) Non-metals bond when they gain electrons. c) Non-metals bond when they share electrons d) All of the above e) Only (b) and (c) are correct 4) Which of the following is an ionic compound? a) Ca b) CO 2 c) CO 3-2 d) O 3 e) NaNO 3 5) Covalent bond are due to the: a) transfer of electrons from one atom to another. b) attraction between ions of identical charge. c) gain or loss of protons by atoms. d) sharing of two electrons by two atoms. 6) In any chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is always equal to the total mass of materials produced. This is known as the Law of: a) Conservation of Mass b) Chemical Reactions c) Constant Proportion d) Conservation of Energy 7) What is the total number of atoms in the formula Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3? a) 3 b) 7 c) 15 d) 17 e) 21 8) A single displacement reaction is the: a) release of heat during a reaction b) joining together of two elements to form a compound. c) exchange of metals between two different compounds. d) displacement of one metal in a compound by another metal. 9) Which of the following is an example of a synthesis reaction? a) Heating copper (II) carbonate to produce carbon dioxide and copper (II) oxide. b) Reacting sodium with water to produce hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide. c) Passing electricity through water to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. d) Heating copper in oxygen to produce copper (II) oxide. 10) An example of a double displacemnt reaction would be: a) 2H 2 O 2H 2 + O 2 b) 2KI + Pb(NO 3 ) 2 2KNO 3 + PbI 2 c) 2KClO 3 2KCl + 3O 2 d) 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O 11) A solution has a ph of 8. How is this solution best described? a) strongly basic b) slightly basic c) slightly acidic d) strongly acidic 12) An acid of ph = 4 is: a) twice as acidic as an acid of ph = 6. b) 100 times less acidic than an acid of ph = 6 c) 10 times more acidic than an acid of ph = 5 d) half as acidic as an acid of ph = 2

2 13) Which of the following statements is true? a) Phosphorescent objects continue to glow after light is no longer shining on them. b) The moon is a luminous object. c) Incandescent bulbs are more efficient than fluorescent bulbs. d) Glow worms that produce light are using triboluminescence. e) Opaque objects only transmit some of the light that interacts with the object. 14) Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation both causes Cancer and is used to treat Cancer? a) microwaves b) UV c) gamma radiation d) IR 15) A light ray strikes a plane mirror at an angle of 70 between the incident ray and the mirror. The angle of reflection is: a) 20 b) 70 c) 30 d) 80 16) Fill in the blanks in the following statements: When human eyes see virtual images in mirrors, they are projecting the rays back behind the mirror to create images. a) incident, inverted b) incident, upright c) reflected, inverted d) reflected, upright 17) Which of the following statements is false? a) A converging mirror bends incoming parallel rays to a focus. b) A diverging mirror spreads incoming parallel rays apart. c) A diverging mirror only produces a virtual image. d) A converging mirror only produces real images. e) None of the above statements are false. 18) Where should you place an object in front of a converging mirror to produce an inverted, real image that is larger than the object? a) At F b) At C c) Beyond C d) Between F and C 19) Which condition must be true for total internal reflection to occur? a) The light ray must bend toward the normal. b) The angle of refraction must be greater than the angle of incidence. c) The angle of incidence must be less than the critical angle. d) Light must be traveling faster in the first medium than in the second. 20) Which of the following applications does NOT utilize the principle of total internal reflection? a) diamonds b) fibre optics c) a rainbow d) telescope 21) The image created by a diverging lens is: a) virtual, upright, smaller and closer to the lens b) virtual, upright, larger and farther from the lens c) virtual, inverted, smaller and closer to the lens d) virtual, inverted, larger and farther from the lens 22) Which of the following is an object that will produce partial reflection and refraction? a) a mirror on the Hubble telescope b) a clean window at dusk c) a piece of aluminum foil d) a fibre optic cable

3 23) Myopia (near-sightedness) is best corrected by: a) shortening the length from the lens to the retina. b) lengthening the length from the lens to the retina. c) increases the amount that light is bent before it approaches the eye d) a combination of the two lenses, because we need to produce a real image. 24) The part of the microscope which is used for focusing on low power is: a) revolving nosepiece b) diaphragm c) coarse adjustment d) fine adjustment 25) If an object is viewed through a 15x ocular lens and a 10x objective lens, the magnification is: a) 25x b) 150x c) 1500x d) 5x 26) The organelle in plant cells that is green and is used primarily in photosynthesis is: a) mitochondria b) vacuole c) chloroplast d) ribosome 27) The mitochondria are the organelles that produce energy. What reaction takes place in these organelles? a) photosynthesis b) specialization c) the reaction between fat molecules and bile. d) the reaction between sugar and oxygen. 28) Which of the following statements about stomata is false? a) They open when they are full of water. b) They open when there is lots of sunlight. c) There are many more of them on the top side of leaves. d) They are part of a leaf structure called guard cells. 29) During late interphase, just before the phases of mitosis begin: a) the chromosomes shorten and thicken b) the chromosomes make copies of themselves c) the chromosomes line up along the middle of the nucleus d) the chromosomes separate to the two sides of the nucleus 30) Cells spend most of their time at: a) interphase b) prophase c) mitosis d) cytokinesis 31) The correct order of mitosis is: a) telophase, prophase, interphase, anaphase, metaphase, cytokinesis b) prophase, telophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, cytokinesis c) interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis d) interphase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase, cytokinesis 32) One type of cell in your body that cannot divide is: a) nerve b) bone c) skin d) blood 33) Which of the following does NOT occur after a flower has helped a plant to reproduce sexually? a) the seed is blown away by the wind b) the seed is encased in fruit, which is eaten by an animal c) birds, bees and bats drink nectar from the flower d) the seed forms a burr, which attaches to an animal s fur 34) The structure in the digestive system that produces amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch molecules, is called the: a) saliva b) stomach c) salivary gland d) teeth 35) The organ that stores bile to break down fatty foods is called the: a) liver b) gall bladder c) pancreas d) duodenum

4 36) The structure that prevents food from entering the trachea is the: a) epiglottis b) esophagus c) pharyx d) bronchi 37) Blood vessels that absorb oxygen and discard carbon dioxide in the lungs are the: a) veins b) aorta c) arteries d) capillaries 38) Which one of these statements is false? a) Arteries are under high pressure. b) Arteries carry blood away from the heart. c) Veins are composed of a system of valves. d) Capillaries are very large blood vessels. Fill in the Blanks 1) A change such as melting ice or bending a piece of metal is classified as a(n) change. 2) A pure substance composed of only one type of atom can be further classified as a(n). 3) The incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water, but also and. 4) Litmus paper is an indicator that turns red in a solution. 5) A combustion gives off a large amount of energy because it is a(n) reaction. 6) Our microscopes are light microscopes, because they have two lenses. 7) The circle of light that is seen when one looks through a microscope is called the. 8) The organelles that act as a transport system to and from the nucleus are the. 9) The tubes that run from the roots to the leaves within the stems are called the. 10) The process in which material moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration is called. 11) Plants photosynthesize using light energy, and to form glucose and oxygen. 12) Cytokinesis occurs in plant cells when a forms between the two new daughter cells. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches off, forming a between the daughter cells. 13) If a group of cells start to divide uncontrollably, they will form a. 14) The cell cycle of an embryo will be than that of an adult muscle cell. 15) A fertilized egg into the various kinds of cells found in an adult organism. 16) A cell that has not differentiated into a specific type is called a. 17) The only artery that is de-oxygenated, and the only vein that is oxygenated are found between the heart and the. True or False 1) CO 2 is an example of a compound, since it contains both carbon and oxygen. 2) Mixtures can be separated easily by physical changes, such as boiling and filtering. 3) O 2 is an atom of an element. 4) When describing matter, you must always describe the clarity (clear, translucent, opaque). 5) A test for oxygen gas is that a glowing splint bursts into flame in its presence. 6) Dissolving is an example of a chemical change, since there is often a change of colour. 7) Ribosomes are responsible for making protein. 8) The endoplasmic reticulum is a channel for moving molecules through cells. 9) Cilia are long, tail-like structure used for movement 10) Use low power to get your slide in focus before medium or high power. 11) Chloroplasts are organelles that can only be found in animal cells. 12) The stage is what the microscope rests on. 13) Mitochondria provide energy to the cell. 14) The nucleus provides energy to the cell. 15) Vacuoles and cell walls keep animal cells stiff. 16) Cell walls are only found in onion cells. 17) You should always focus a specimen first at high power.

5 18) Mitochondria are responsible for making and storing protein. 19) When there is plenty of water, stomata swell, which causes them to close. 20) Mitosis is the division of the nucleus 21) At interphase, chromosomes are called chromatin. 22) All the cells in your body divide at the exact same speed. 23) A cloned animal is always the same sex as the surrogate parent. 24) If the fertilized egg from a mouse has 22 chromosomes, you should expect 22 chromosomes in the muscle cell of the same mouse. 25 ) Frogs are similar to humans since they breathe with their lungs only. 26) The liver is responsible for producing emergency sugar for the body. 27) Exchange of O 2 and CO 2 occurs in the bronchi of the lungs. 28) Blood flows from the atrium to the ventricle on each side of the heart. Matching optical center A) High energy electromagnetic radiation. microwaves B) Reflection of light off an irregular or dull surface. mirage C) Used in neon lights. light emitting diode D) Often used in Christmas lights. myopia E) Reflection of light off a smooth surface. diffuse reflection F) Electromagnetic radiation with a long wavelength. center of curvature G) The center of a sphere whose surface has been used to make a mirror. X- Ray H) The exact center of a lens. specular reflection I) When light rays come together to a single point. diverge J) When light rays spread apart from each other. electric discharge K) Effect caused by increased refraction as air heats up. movie projector L) A technology that makes use of lenses. hyperopia M) Can be corrected with a converging lens. converge N) Can be corrected with a diverging lens. Short Answer 1) Write the symbol for the atom that: a) has 6 valence electrons and in is period 3 b) tends to lose three electrons to become isoelectronic with argon c) is an alkali metal in period 5 2a) Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram and a Lewis Structure for a neutral oxygen atom. Then draw a Lewis Structure for the ion that oxygen is likely to become in order to be more stable. b) Aluminum is a metal that is likely to bond ionically with oxygen to help it to gain stability. (i) Draw Lewis Structures showing the transfer of electrons (USE ARROWS!) that occurs to produce ions. (ii) Draw Lewis Structures of the ions that form. (iii) Write the formula for aluminum oxide that shows the ratio of the ions in the crystal lattice. c) Oxygen can also gain stability by covalently bonding to itself. Draw a Lewis diagram of an oxygen molecule, showing your rough work, and a cleaned-up version. 3) Write the formula for the following substances: a) magnesium phosphate b) copper (II) sulphide c) chlorine gas d) dichlorine tetroxide d) sodium e) ozone 4) Write the name for the following substances: a) FeBr 2 b) NH 4 NO 3 c) HCl d) SO 2 e) F 2

6 5) Balance the following equations: a) Sn + N 2 Sn 3 N 4 b) H 3 PO 4 + Ca Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + H 2 c) FeS + O 2 Fe 2 O 3 + SO 2 6) Sodium metal reacts with sulfuric acid solution to produce a solution of sodium sulfate and hydrogen gas. (i) Write a word equation to represent the reaction described above. (ii) Write a skeleton equation (including subscripts) for the reaction and balance it. (iii) Name the type of reaction. b) How could you test for the presence of hydrogen gas as a product for the above reaction? Describe the gas test, and then write a balanced skeleton equation (including subscripts) to represent the hydrogen gas test. Finally, name the type of reaction it represents. 7a) What observation would be made when 25 ml of tin (IV) hydroxide solution is put in a beaker, and a few drops of phenolphthalein are added? b) Now a solution of hydrochloric acid (of comparable concentration) is added to the tin (IV) hydroxide solution, drop by drop, until the solution suddenly loses its colour. Write a skeletal equation for this reaction and write two terms that could be used to describe the type of reaction. Do not worry about subscripts this time. 8) Locate the image in the mirror below and show how the eye can see the entire image in the mirror. 9) Locate and describe the characteristics of the image in the following mirror. S: A: L: T: 10) Draw and label a diagram to show a light ray passing from a medium with a higher index of refraction to a medium with a lower index of refraction. Label all angles and rays appropriately. 11) You want to scoop a fish out of water. Where should you aim relative to the fish image in order to catch it. Explain using a diagram.

7 12) Locate and describe the image that is formed from the lens below: S: A: L: T: O 2F F F 2F 13) What is the speed of light in zircon? Index of Refraction Ice 1.31 Quartz 1.46 Vegetable Oil 1.47 Olive Oil 1.48 Acrylic 1.49 Zircon 1.92 Diamond ) A diverging lens has a focal length of 22 cm. An upright, virtual image is located 10 cm behind the lens. Where is the object located? 15) A 16 cm tall rose is placed in front of a converging lens with a magnification of A real, inverted, image is noticed on the other side of the lens. What is the height of the rose s image? 16) Label any five structures on a microscope, a plant cell or an animal cell (diagrams would be provided). 17) Fill in the following chart: Organelle Function Plant, Animal or Both produces protein plant only chromosomes 18a) Identify the phase of mitosis when each of the following occurs: Chromosomes separate to either side of the cell. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Chromosomes shorten and thicken. The nuclear membrane starts to reappear. b) Label the phases of the cell cycle visible in the picture below: 19) Label any four organs of the digestive system, and explain their function.

8 Long Answer 1) You need to demonstrate that the Law of Conservation of Mass is always true. The only reactants that you have are vinegar and baking soda, which you know create bubbles when they are mixed. Describe how you will prove the Law of Conservation of Mass using these reactants in a typical lab. 2) You have been given two solids that look very alike. The formulas for the solids are written on the containers. You are then told that one of the solids is ionic and the other is molecular. a) Describe how you could identify the solids as ionic or molecular from their formulae. b) Describe two experiments you could do in the lab that could help you to identify the solids as ionic or molecular. Be sure to include the results of the experiments that identify the substance. 3) A car uses three different kinds of mirrors. Name each kind of mirror a car uses, the function of the mirror and why that particular kind of mirror has been chosen for that function. 4) Discuss three similarities and two differences between a camera and a movie projector. 5) Explain how rainbows are created in the sky after it rains. Include a diagram in your answer. 6) What are four important steps when putting away a microscope? 7) What happens to the chromosomes during late interphase? Why is this event so important during asexual cell division? 8) Compare cancer cells to healthy cells. Give three reasons why cancer cells can kill. 9) Describe three ways that leaves prevent water loss. 10a) Why do plants have to photosynthesize? b) Do plants respire? Why? 11) Discuss three differences between inhaled air and exhaled air. What structures in the respiratory system are responsible for these differences? 12) Draw the path of blood through the following heart. Be sure to identify whether the blood is oxygenated or de-oxygenated, where the blood came from, where it is going, and the main sections of the heart (ie. chambers, important arteries and veins) that the blood passes through.