Gamma-ray emission by proton beam interaction with injected Boron atoms for medical imaging. Giada Petringa - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud -

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1 Gamma-ray emission by proton beam interaction with injected Boron atoms for medical imaging Giada Petringa - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud - Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

high LET!! Hadrontherapy: for and against 12C-ions present some advantages over protons potential radiobiological advantages include greater RBE for killing putatively radioresistant cancer cells!

2 high LET!! Hadrontherapy: for and against 12C-ions present some advantages over protons potential radiobiological advantages include greater RBE for killing putatively radioresistant cancer cells! Protons have been traditionally regarded as only slightly more biologically effective than photons RBE=1.1 nuclear fragmentation reactions incurred by the primary beam partially spoil the 12C superior dose distribution, depositing unwanted dose behind the target volume, as opposed to the sharp dose fall-off that characterizes protons Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

3 The Proton-Boron fusion therapy D.-K. Yoon et al, Application of proton boron fusion reaction to radiation therapy: A Monte Carlo simulation study, Applied Physics Letters 105, (2014); L. Giuffrida et al., Prompt gamma ray diagnostics and enhanced hadron-therapy using neutron-free nulcear reactions, AIP Advances (Submitted) G.A.P. Cirrone et al., First evidence of enhancement of proton biological effectiveness via p + 11 B -> 3a nuclear reaction, Nature Communication (Submitted) Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

4 The Proton-Boron fusion therapy D.-K. Yoon et al, Application of proton boron fusion reaction to radiation therapy: A Monte Carlo simulation study, Applied Physics Letters 105, (2014); L. Giuffrida et al., Prompt gamma ray diagnostics and enhanced hadron-therapy using neutron-free nulcear reactions, AIP Advances (Submitted) G.A.P. Cirrone et al., First evidence of enhancement of proton biological effectiveness via p + 11 B -> 3a nuclear reaction, Nature Communication (Submitted) Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

The Proton-Boron fusion therapy D.-K. Yoon et al, Application of proton boron fusion reaction to radiation therapy: A Monte Carlo simulation study, Applied Physics Letters 105, 223507 (2014); L.

5 The Proton-Boron fusion therapy D.-K. Yoon et al, Application of proton boron fusion reaction to radiation therapy: A Monte Carlo simulation study, Applied Physics Letters 105, (2014); L. Giuffrida et al., Prompt gamma ray diagnostics and enhanced hadron-therapy using neutron-free nulcear reactions, AIP Advances (Submitted) G.A.P. Cirrone et al., First evidence of enhancement of proton biological effectiveness via p + 11B -> 3a nuclear reaction, Nature Communication (Submitted) Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

6 The Proton-Boron fusion therapy Many experimental evidences show that it proceeds predominantly by a sequential decay through the ground or first excited states of 8 Be: M. C. Spraker et al, The 11B(p,a)8Be => a + a and the 11B(a,a)11B Reactions at Energies Below 5.4 MeV, J Fusion Energy (2012) Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

Physics Letters 105, 223507 (2014); 1. Gamma prompt from the proton boron fusion reaction 2.

7 Gamma prompt from proton-boron fusion reaction D. -K. Yoon et al, Application of proton boron fusion reaction ti radiation therapy: A Monte Carlo simulation study Applied Physics Letters 105, (2014); 1. Gamma prompt from the proton boron fusion reaction 2. Boron target at its nominal density of 2.08 gr/cm 3 3. The background contribute from the main components of the biological tissue Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

8 Gamma prompt from proton-boron fusion reaction Investigation main aim: Investigate the configuration proposed Verifying its real feasibility Propose a new approach still maintaining the therapeutical Boron role Experimental run Talys simulation code Copper atoms Patent submitted Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

9 Experimental LNS - INFN Experimental set-up GEM series model S zero degree experimental hall 62 MeV protons beam Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

Experimental run @ LNS - INFN Experimental set-up GEM series model 70220-S

pressed 11 B and 10 B powder. Resulted density was measured to be 1.15 gr/cm 3.

10 Experimental LNS - INFN Experimental set-up GEM series model S Target The Boron targets consisted of two Mylar cylinders, filled with a pressed 11 B and 10 B powder. Resulted density was measured to be 1.15 gr/cm 3. Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

11 11B and 10B spectrum Fixed the acquisition time at 500 sec, each spectra has been normalized for the incident beam current Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

12 11B and 10B spectrum Fixed the acquisition time at 500 sec, each spectra has been normalized for the incident beam current Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

11B and 10B spectrum 429 KeV 718 KeV Talys -1.6 1.022 MeV 1.

13 11B and 10B spectrum 429 KeV 718 KeV Talys MeV MeV Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

14 Talys validation code In order to validate the code, the gamma yield, obtained by the simulation, has been compared to the intensity of each line experimentally measured The percentage ratio of the integral calculated as each peak for the two isotopes has been compared Two data sets show inconsistencies smaller than 15% Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

Gamma rays emission in a typical concentration the gamma-prompts levels emitted from p- 11 B interaction, are the same generated by the interaction of protons with the main constituents of the Human

15 Gamma rays emission in a typical concentration the gamma-prompts levels emitted from p- 11 B interaction, are the same generated by the interaction of protons with the main constituents of the Human body => 12 C and 16 O Gamma rays energies by proton interaction with major elements in human tissues B. Kozlovsky et al., Astrophysics J., Suppl. Ser (2002) Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

16 Gamma rays emission in a typical concentration Is the boron concentration sufficient? a typical concentration of B nuclei that can reach a tumor, ensuring the minimal cell toxicity, is the order of 10-5 g/cm 3, four order of magnitude less than the density of carbon ions and oxygen in the human tissue (0.18 g/cm 3 and 0.65 g/cm 3 respectively) Scaling the cross section for the biological tissue density and for a typical BSH concentration, the gamma ray emission by the background are 10 3 times higher of the boron signal! Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

17 Gamma rays emission in a typical concentration Is the boron concentration sufficient? a typical concentration of B nuclei that can reach a tumor, ensuring the minimal cell toxicity, is the order of 10-5 g/cm 3, four order of magnitude less than the density of carbon ions and oxygen in the human tissue (0.18 g/cm 3 and 0.65 g/cm 3 respectively) Scaling the cross section for the biological tissue density and for a typical BSH concentration, the gamma ray emission by the background are 10 3 times higher of the boron signal! Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

use the atoms of natural Copper bound by

Goal! ATSM BodiPy Giada Petringa Topical

18 The copper atoms for the imaging In order to improve the imaging capabilities, still maintaining the Boron therapeutic role, we propose to use the atoms of natural Copper bound by a dipyrromethene BodiPy to boron atoms Nuclear Reaction 1320 KeV peak A good candidate for the gamma prompt imaging! Goal! ATSM BodiPy Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

19 Thank you for your attention! Giada Petringa Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detector

Radiation Quantities and Units

Radiation Quantities and Units George Starkschall, Ph.D. Lecture Objectives Define and identify units for the following: Exposure Kerma Absorbed dose Dose equivalent Relative biological effectiveness Activity