Isotopes and Radioactive Decay

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Isotopes and Radioactive Decay"

Transcription

1 NAME PERIOD DATE CHAPTER 4 NOTES: ISOTOPES Isotopes and Radioactive Decay ISOTOPES: Atoms that contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Isotopes containing more neutrons have a greater mass. Despite the difference in mass, isotopes of an atom will have the same chemical behavior. Generally in nature most elements are found as mixtures of isotopes. An example of this can be found with the Potassium (K) in a banana % of the potassium atoms have 20 neutrons, 6.73% of the potassium atoms have 22 neutrons, and 0.01% of the potassium atoms have 21 neutrons. ATOMIC MASS: The weighted average mass of the isotopes of a certain element. Atomic mass is expressed in units of atomic mass units (amu), which is defined as the one-twelfth the mass of a carbon atom. 1 amu is nearly equal to the mass of a single proton or a single neutron. ISOTOPE/NUCLEAR NOTATION:

2 ISOTOPE/NUCLEAR NOTATION FOR THE 3 ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN: Given the data in the table, calculate the atomic mass of unknown Element X: ISOTOPE ABUNDANCE FOR ELEMENT X Isotope Mass (amu) Percent abundance 6 X % 7 X % Ex #1): Write nuclear symbols for 3 isotopes of carbon (atomic number = 6) in which there are 6, 7, and 8 neutrons respectively. Ex #2): A radioactive isotope that is used for radiation treatment of cancer is the Cobalt 60 atom. How many protons are there? How many neutrons are there? RADIOACTIVE DECAY NUCLEAR REACTION: Reaction that can change an element into a new element. It requires a change in an atom s nucleus.

3 Radiation is the rays and particles emitted by radioactive materials. Radioactive atoms emit radiation because their nuclei are unstable. Radioactive decay is a spontaneous process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation. Radioactive decay will continue to occur until a stable atom has formed, which is often a different element altogether. The most important factor in determining an atom s stability is its ratio of neutrons to protons. Nuclei are unstable when there are either too many or too few of protons or neutrons. Types of Radiation: o ALPHA RADIATION: Radiation that is made up of alpha particles. An alpha particle contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons and has a 2+ charge. An alpha particle is equivalent to a helium-4 nucleus. Alpha particles are represented by or. Example of alpha radiation (the following equation is an example of a nuclear equation): o BETA RADIATION: Radiation that is made up of beta particles. A beta particle contains an electron with a 1- charge. Beta particles are fast-moving. Beta particles are represented by the symbols e- or.

4 Example of beta radiation (the following equation is an example of a nuclear equation): o GAMMA RADIATION: Radiation that is made up of gamma rays. A gamma ray is high-energy and contains no mass and is represented by the symbol. Gamma rays usually accompany alpha and beta radiation. Gamma rays also account for most of the energy lost during radioactive decays. Since gamma radiation is massless the emission of gamma rays cannot end in the formation of a new atom. Example of gamma radiation (the following equation is an example of a nuclear equation): Characteristics of Radiation: Alpha Beta Gamma Symbol Mass (amu) 4 1/ Charge HOMEWORK PRACTICE PROBLEMS: 1. Which subatomic particle identifies an atom as that of a particular element? 2. An element contains 66 electrons. Which element is it?

5 3. An element contains 14 protons. Which element is it? 4. Boron (B) has two naturally occurring isotopes: boron-10 (abundance = 19.8%; mass = amu) and boron-11 (abundance = 80.2%; mass = amu). Calculate the atomic mass of boron. 5. Copper has two isotopes: Cu-63 (abundance = 69.2%; mass = amu) and Cu-65 (abundance = 30.8%; mass = amu). Calculate the atomic mass of copper. 6. Three magnesium isotopes have atomic masses and relative abundances of amu (78.99%), amu (10.00%), and amu (11.01%). Calculate the atomic mass of magnesium. 7. Nitrogen has two naturally occurring isotopes, N-14 and N-15. Nitrogen s atomic mass is Which isotope is more abundant and WHY? 8. Boron-10 emits alpha particles. Write a balanced nuclear reaction for this radioactive decay.

6 9. Cesium-137 emits beta particles. Write a balanced nuclear reaction for this radioactive decay. 10. Iodine-121 emits alpha particles. Write a balanced nuclear reaction for this radioactive decay.

the properties of that element

the properties of that element Name Date Due Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table: Unit Objective Study Guide Part 1 Directions: Write your answers to the following questions in the space provided. For problem solving, all of the

More information

Atoms have two separate parts. The nucleus and the electron cloud.

Atoms have two separate parts. The nucleus and the electron cloud. Name Ch. 5 - Atomic Structure Pre-AP Modern Atomic Theory All atoms are made of three subatomic (smaller than the atom) particles: the protons, the electrons and the neutrons. (P.E.N. s) There are particles

More information

SCIENCE 10: (7.1) ATOMIC THEORY, ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY Name: Date: Block: (Textbook Reference pp in BC Science 10) into an

SCIENCE 10: (7.1) ATOMIC THEORY, ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY Name: Date: Block: (Textbook Reference pp in BC Science 10) into an SCIENCE 10: (7.1) ATOMIC THEORY, ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY Name: Date: Block: (Textbook Reference pp. 286-301 in BC Science 10) Natural background radiation: It has the ability to interact with an

More information

CHEMISTRY Matter and Change. Chapter 4: The Structure of the Atom

CHEMISTRY Matter and Change. Chapter 4: The Structure of the Atom CHEMISTRY Matter and Change Chapter 4: The Structure of the Atom CHAPTER 4 Table Of Contents Section 4.1 Section 4.2 Section 4.3 Section 4.4 Early Ideas About Matter Defining the Atom How Atoms Differ

More information

Radioactive Decay 1 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2016

Radioactive Decay 1 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Radioactive Decay 1 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Radioactive Decay 2 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What is radiation? 3 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2016 The term radiation (also known as nuclear radiation) refers to

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Lecture 10

Nuclear Chemistry. Lecture 10 Nuclear Chemistry Lecture 10 Atomic Nuclei The periodic table tells you about the average atom of an element. Atoms of an element can have different amounts of neutrons, this gives them different mass,

More information

NOTES: 25.2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay

NOTES: 25.2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay NOTES: 25.2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay Why does the nucleus stay together? STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE Short range, attractive force that acts among nuclear particles Nuclear particles attract one

More information

25.1. Nuclear Radiation

25.1. Nuclear Radiation Nuclear Radiation Marie Curie was a Polish scientist whose research led to many discoveries about radiation and radioactive elements. In 1934 she died from leukemia caused by her long-term exposure to

More information

Chapter 25. Nuclear Chemistry. Types of Radiation

Chapter 25. Nuclear Chemistry. Types of Radiation Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry Chemical Reactions 1. Bonds are broken and formed 2. Atoms may rearrange, but remain unchanged 3. Involve only valence electrons 4. Small energy changes 5. Reaction rate is

More information

14: BEHOLD THE POWER OF THE NUCLEUS!!!

14: BEHOLD THE POWER OF THE NUCLEUS!!! Name: Period: Date: UNIT 14: Nuclear Chemistry Lesson 1: Let s go nuclear! By the end of today, you will have an answer to: What does it mean to be radioactive? Do Now: Final problems related to electrochemistry

More information

The Structure of the Atom

The Structure of the Atom The Structure of the Atom Section 4.1 Early Theories of Matter In your textbook, read about the philosophers, John Dalton, and defining the atom. For each statement below, write true or false. 1. Ancient

More information

4.1 Structure of the Atom

4.1 Structure of the Atom 4.1 Structure of the Atom How do atoms differ from each other? What are atoms composed of? What are the subatomic particles? 2-1 Structure of the Atom Atoms actually are divisible. They are composed of

More information

7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay

7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay 7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay exists all around us. This radiation consists of high energy particles or waves being emitted from a variety of materials. is the release of high energy particles

More information

CHEMISTRY. Matter and Change. Table Of Contents. Section 4.1 Early Ideas About Matter. Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay

CHEMISTRY. Matter and Change. Table Of Contents. Section 4.1 Early Ideas About Matter. Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay CHEMISTRY 4 Table Of Contents Matter and Change Section 4.1 Early Ideas About Matter Chapter 4: The Structure of the Atom Section 4.2 Section 4.3 Section 4.4 Defining the Atom How Atoms Differ Unstable

More information

Isotopes of an element have the same symbol and same atomic number - Mass number refers to the protons plus neutrons in an isotope

Isotopes of an element have the same symbol and same atomic number - Mass number refers to the protons plus neutrons in an isotope 7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay Natural background radiation exists all around us. This radiation consists of high energy particles or waves being emitted from a variety of materials Radioactivity

More information

Nuclear Study Packet. 1. What subatomic particles are involved in nuclear reactions? 2. What subatomic particles are involved in chemical reactions?

Nuclear Study Packet. 1. What subatomic particles are involved in nuclear reactions? 2. What subatomic particles are involved in chemical reactions? Name Period Nuclear Study Packet Set 1 1. What subatomic particles are involved in nuclear reactions? 2. What subatomic particles are involved in chemical reactions? 3. If an atom undergoes a reaction

More information

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy ~ TRANSMUTATION: the change of one element into another due to

More information

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Radioactivity Test Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Radioactive s have unstable a. electrons. c. protons. b. nuclei.

More information

RADIOACTIVITY. An atom consists of protons, neutrons and electrons.

RADIOACTIVITY. An atom consists of protons, neutrons and electrons. RADIOACTIVITY An atom consists of protons, neutrons and electrons. - Protons and neutrons are inside the nucleus - Electrons revolve around the nucleus in specific orbits ATOMIC NUMBER: - Total number

More information

Nuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4

Nuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4 Nuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4 Use the laws of conservation of mass number and charge to determine the identity of X in the equations below. Refer to a periodic table as needed. 222 a. Rn

More information

Nuclear Chemistry Notes

Nuclear Chemistry Notes Nuclear Chemistry Notes Definitions Nucleons: Subatomic particles in the nucleus : protons and neutrons Radionuclides: Radioactive nuclei. Unstable nuclei that spontaneously emit particles and electromagnetic

More information

Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry. Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity

Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry. Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity Atoms An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has all of the properties of that element. Composition

More information

Information Nuclide = is an atomic species characterized by the specific constitution of its nucleus (protons and neutrons) Neutron

Information Nuclide = is an atomic species characterized by the specific constitution of its nucleus (protons and neutrons) Neutron NAME: DUE DATE: JULY nd AP Chemistry SUMMER REV: Balancing Nuclear Reactions Why? Nuclear reactions are going on all around us in the form of transmutation, fission and fusion. Using correctly balanced

More information

and have low penetrating power) Alpha particles are released through alpha decay. Beta Particles: An electron that comes from a nucleus through

and have low penetrating power) Alpha particles are released through alpha decay. Beta Particles: An electron that comes from a nucleus through TOPIC 13: Nuclear Chemistry 1. When the atomic nucleus of one element is changed into the nucleus of a different element, the reaction is called transmutation. Stability of a Nucleus: Any element containing

More information

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy ~ TRANSMUTATION: the change of one element into another due to

More information

Radioactive Decay What is Radioactivity? http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/3033 http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/3035 http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/2160 Quick Review

More information

Name: Date: Atomic Structure 2017 Mrs. Mannion Version 1

Name: Date: Atomic Structure 2017 Mrs. Mannion Version 1 Name: Atomic Structure 2017 1. The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of A) a beta particle B) an electron C) an alpha particle D) a neutron 2. What are the characteristics of a neutron?

More information

Name Period. CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 3 - Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry. Homework. Due Date Assignment On-Time (100) Late (70)

Name Period. CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 3 - Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry. Homework. Due Date Assignment On-Time (100) Late (70) Name Period CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 3 - Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Homework Due Date Assignment On-Time (100) Late (70) 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Warm-Ups EC Notes, Homework, Exam Reviews and Their

More information

D) g. 2. In which pair do the particles have approximately the same mass?

D) g. 2. In which pair do the particles have approximately the same mass? 1. A student constructs a model for comparing the masses of subatomic particles. The student selects a small, metal sphere with a mass of gram to represent an electron. A sphere with which mass would be

More information

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions PSI Chemistry

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions PSI Chemistry Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions PSI Chemistry Name: 1. What was the first particle discovered inside an atom? A. Proton C. Electron 2. What characteristic of cathode rays

More information

[3.2] The Atom. p in Textbook

[3.2] The Atom. p in Textbook [3.2] The Atom p. 145 149 in Textbook We will be learning about three different parts of the atom today 1. What makes up an atom 2. Where an atom s mass is found 3. What are isotopes What does the atom

More information

3 Types of Nuclear Decay Processes

3 Types of Nuclear Decay Processes 3 Types of Nuclear Decay Processes Radioactivity is the spontaneous decay of an unstable nucleus The radioactive decay of a nucleus may result from the emission of some particle from the nucleus. The emitted

More information

Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes

Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes St Ninian s High School Chemistry Department National 5 Chemistry Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes Name Learning Outcomes After completing this topic you should be able to :

More information

1. The mass number of the atom is the total number of &. 2. What are the three particles in an atom and what is each of their charges?

1. The mass number of the atom is the total number of &. 2. What are the three particles in an atom and what is each of their charges? WEDNESDAY, OCT. 15 1. The mass number of the atom is the total number of &. 2. What are the three particles in an atom and what is each of their charges? 3. The symbol for elements is commonly written

More information

HOMEWORK 22-1 (pp )

HOMEWORK 22-1 (pp ) CHAPTER 22 HOMEWORK 22-1 (pp. 701 702) Define. 1. nucleons 2. nuclide 3. mass defect 4. nuclear binding energy Solve. Use masses of 1.0087 amu for the neutron, 1.00728 amu for the proton, and 5.486 x 10

More information

Chapter 4 The Structure of the Atom

Chapter 4 The Structure of the Atom Chapter 4 The Structure of the Atom Read pg. 86-97 4.1 Early Theories of Matter The Philosophers Democritus Artistotle - Artistotle s influence so great and the science so primitive (lacking!) his denial

More information

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity. 2.1 Multiple-Choice

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity. 2.1 Multiple-Choice General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity 2.1 Multiple-Choice 1) The smallest particle of an element that can be identified as that element is: A) a proton

More information

1 amu 1 amu 0 amu. Chapter 2 part 1.notebook September 16, Modern Atomic Theory

1 amu 1 amu 0 amu. Chapter 2 part 1.notebook September 16, Modern Atomic Theory Chapter 2 The Atom Elements are the basic substances that make up all matter. An atom is the smallest particle of an element. Average atoms are 10 10 m in diameter. If you could put 6.02 x 10 23 p + and

More information

Atomic Concepts and Nuclear Chemistry Regents Review

Atomic Concepts and Nuclear Chemistry Regents Review 1. In the late 1800s, experiments using cathode ray tubes led to the discovery of the 10.Compared to an atom of phosphorus-31, an atom of sulfur-32 contains A) electron B) neutron C) positron D) proton

More information

Chem 1A Chapter 5 and 21 Practice Test Grosser ( )

Chem 1A Chapter 5 and 21 Practice Test Grosser ( ) Class: Date: Chem A Chapter 5 and 2 Practice Test Grosser (203-204) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. The periodic law states that the properties

More information

Table O: Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry

Table O: Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry Packet 12: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY STABLITY OF NUCLEI Most nuclei are stable and don t change. They are found within the belt of stability. Some nuclei are unstable and break down spontaneously giving off rays

More information

Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 3 Notes

Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 3 Notes Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 3 Notes Academic Chemistry Name 52 24 Cr Mass Number Symbol Atomic Number Unit #3 Test Date You can never learn less, you can only learn more. R. Buckminster Fuller

More information

A. Element 1. The number of protons and neutrons of an atom.

A. Element 1. The number of protons and neutrons of an atom. Unit 03: Test Review Atoms and Elements Key Term Definition A. Element 1. The number of protons and neutrons of an atom. B. Atom 2. The smallest particle of an element. C. Atomic Number 3. A primary substance

More information

Key Question: What role did the study of radioactivity play in learning more about atoms?

Key Question: What role did the study of radioactivity play in learning more about atoms? Name Chemistry Essential question: How were the parts of the atom determined? Key Question: What role did the study of radioactivity play in learning more about atoms? Vocabulary: alpha particle fusion

More information

Nuclear Physics Questions. 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of?

Nuclear Physics Questions. 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of? Nuclear Physics Questions 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of? 2. What is the definition of the atomic number? What is its symbol?

More information

[1] (c) Some fruits, such as bananas, are naturally radioactive because they contain the unstable isotope of potassium-40 ( K.

[1] (c) Some fruits, such as bananas, are naturally radioactive because they contain the unstable isotope of potassium-40 ( K. (a) State, with a reason, whether or not protons and neutrons are fundamental particles....... [] (b) State two fundamental particles that can be classified as leptons.... [] (c) Some fruits, such as bananas,

More information

Atomic Structure Notes: Parts of the atom:

Atomic Structure Notes: Parts of the atom: Day 1 Atomic Structure Notes: Parts of the atom: Protons: Positively charged particles found in the Neutrons: Neutral charged particle found in the Electrons: Negatively charged particle found in the.

More information

da u g ht er + radiation

da u g ht er + radiation RADIOACTIVITY The discovery of radioactivity can be attributed to several scientists. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895 and shortly after that Henri Becquerel observed radioactive behavior while

More information

Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry

Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry Name: KEY IDEAS: Stability of isotopes is based in the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are

More information

CP/Honors Chemistry Unit 3: Atomic Theory Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

CP/Honors Chemistry Unit 3: Atomic Theory Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 CP/Honors Chemistry Unit 3: Atomic Theory Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 Subatomic Particles Warm-Up Quiz 1. What are the three subatomic particles? 2. Where are the particles located in the atom? 3. What are

More information

Unit 2 Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry

Unit 2 Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry 1 West Linn High School Unit 2 Packet and Goals Name: Period: Unit 2 Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Unit Goals: As you work through this unit, you should be able to: 1. describe Dalton

More information

Year 11 Physics booklet Topic 1 Atomic structure and radioactivity Name:

Year 11 Physics booklet Topic 1 Atomic structure and radioactivity Name: Year 11 Physics booklet Topic 1 Atomic structure and radioactivity Name: Atomic structure and radioactivity Give a definition for each of these key words: Atom Isotope Proton Neutron Electron Atomic nucleus

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Atomic Structure Notes Start on Slide 20 from the second class lecture

Nuclear Chemistry. Atomic Structure Notes Start on Slide 20 from the second class lecture Nuclear Chemistry Atomic Structure Notes Start on Slide 20 from the second class lecture The Birth of an Idea Democritus, 400 B.C. coined the term atom If you divide matter into smaller and smaller pieces,

More information

Unit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? a. same number of protons

Unit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? a. same number of protons 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? same number of protons same number of chemical bonds same number of neutrons same number of particles in the nucleus Self Assessment

More information

Atomic Structure. Atomic Notation. Atomic Notation. Atomic Notation. Section 3.3 Distinguishing Between Atoms. Atomic Notation

Atomic Structure. Atomic Notation. Atomic Notation. Atomic Notation. Section 3.3 Distinguishing Between Atoms. Atomic Notation Atomic Structure Section 3.3 Distinguishing Between Atoms OBJECTIVES: Explain how the atomic number identifies an element. Use the atomic number and mass number of an element to find the numbers of protons,

More information

MCAT General Chemistry Discrete Question Set 24: Atomic & Nuclear Structure

MCAT General Chemistry Discrete Question Set 24: Atomic & Nuclear Structure MCAT General Chemistry Discrete Question Set 24: Atomic & Nuclear Structure Question No. 1 of 10 1. How many protons and neutrons would be found in an atom of Iron with an atomic mass of 56 and an atomic

More information

PowerPoints II-9 to III-16. De La Salle High School Mr. Puccetti

PowerPoints II-9 to III-16. De La Salle High School Mr. Puccetti PowerPoints II-9 to III-16 De La Salle High School Mr. Puccetti II-9 ChemCatalyst Create a Table Properties of the Elements HW#1 (42): 1-3 Lab Report due Friday 1. What patterns do you see in how the elements

More information

UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY REVIEW: ISOTOPE NOTATION An isotope notation is written as Z A X, where X is the element, A is the mass number (sum of protons and neutrons), and Z is the atomic number. For

More information

Feedback D. Incorrect. Atomic mass is equal to protons + neutrons and atomic number is equal to number of protons.

Feedback D. Incorrect. Atomic mass is equal to protons + neutrons and atomic number is equal to number of protons. CLEP Chemistry - Problem Drill 22: Nuclear Reactions No. 1 of 10 1. How many protons and neutrons would be found in an atom of Iron with an atomic mass of 56 and an atomic number of 26? (A) 56 protons

More information

Unit 3 Atomic Structure Chapter 3 of your book.

Unit 3 Atomic Structure Chapter 3 of your book. Unit 3 Atomic Structure Chapter 3 of your book. Early Booklet E.C.: / 2 Unit 3 Hwk. Pts: / 24 Unit 3 Lab Pts: / 16 Late, Incomplete, No Work, No Units Fees? Y / N Learning Targets for Unit 3 1.1 I can

More information

4. The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of A an alpha particle C a positron. B a beta particle D a neutron

4. The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of A an alpha particle C a positron. B a beta particle D a neutron 1. Which particles have approximately the same mass? A an electron and an alpha particle B an electron and a proton C a neutron and an alpha particle D a neutron and a proton 2. Which phrase describes

More information

Chem 1075 Chapter 5 Models of the Atom Lecture Outline

Chem 1075 Chapter 5 Models of the Atom Lecture Outline Chem 1075 Chapter 5 Models of the Atom Lecture Outline Slide 2 Dalton Model of the Atom John Dalton proposed that is made up of The particles are or can be broken down into by chemical processes. cannot

More information

Student Exploration: Nuclear Decay

Student Exploration: Nuclear Decay Name: Date: Student Exploration: Nuclear Decay Vocabulary: alpha particle, atomic number, beta particle, daughter product, gamma ray, isotope, mass number, nuclear decay, positron, radioactive, subatomic

More information

Nuclear Chemistry Bravo 15,000 kilotons

Nuclear Chemistry Bravo 15,000 kilotons Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Bravo 15,000 kilotons Radioactive elements Radioactive elements Elements with atomic numbers greater than 83 are radioactive Why? These elements have too many protons

More information

Fundamental Forces of the Universe

Fundamental Forces of the Universe Fundamental Forces of the Universe There are four fundamental forces, or interactions in nature. Strong nuclear Electromagnetic Weak nuclear Gravitational Strongest Weakest Strong nuclear force Holds the

More information

Nuclear Instability & Radioactive Decay Homework Unit 13 - Topic 3

Nuclear Instability & Radioactive Decay Homework Unit 13 - Topic 3 Nuclear Instability & Radioactive Decay Homework Unit 13 - Topic 3 Sources of Nuclear Radiation To date, 114 (now more than that) have been observed (atomic numbers 1-112, 114, 116, and 117). Of those,

More information

Average Atomic Mass: How are the masses on the periodic table determined?

Average Atomic Mass: How are the masses on the periodic table determined? Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block Average Atomic Mass: How are the masses on the periodic table determined? Most elements have more than one naturally occurring isotope. As you learned previously, the atoms

More information

There are no stable isotopes of elements above atomic number 83.

There are no stable isotopes of elements above atomic number 83. Nuclear Chemistry Stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously decay, emitting radiation. All

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Proposal: build a nuclear power plant in Broome County. List the pros & cons

Nuclear Chemistry. Proposal: build a nuclear power plant in Broome County. List the pros & cons Nuclear Chemistry Proposal: build a nuclear power plant in Broome County. List the pros & cons 1 Nuclear Chemistry Friend or Fiend 2 The Nucleus What is in the nucleus? How big is it vs. the atom? How

More information

Alta Chemistry CHAPTER 25. Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications

Alta Chemistry CHAPTER 25. Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications CHAPTER 25 Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry deals with changes in the nucleus The nucleus of an atom contains Protons Positively Charged

More information

Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity

Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity Nuclear Energy Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity I. Review - Periodic Table A. Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom B. Atomic Mass: The sum of the mass of protons, neutrons

More information

2) Explain why the U-238 disintegration series shown in the graph ends with the nuclide Pb-206.

2) Explain why the U-238 disintegration series shown in the graph ends with the nuclide Pb-206. Name: 3156-1 - Page 1 Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following: A U-238 atom decays to a Pb-206 atom through a series of steps. Each point on the graph below represents a nuclide and each arrow represents

More information

Chapter 4: Atoms and Elements

Chapter 4: Atoms and Elements Chapter 4: Atoms and Elements Determine atomic numbers, mass numbers, and isotope symbols for an isotope. Determine number of protons and neutrons from isotope symbols. Calculate atomic mass from percent

More information

Teacher: Mr. gerraputa. Name: Base your answer to the question on the information below. Given the electron dot diagram:

Teacher: Mr. gerraputa. Name: Base your answer to the question on the information below. Given the electron dot diagram: Teacher: Mr. gerraputa Print Close Name: 1. Given the electron dot diagram: The valence electrons represented by the electron dot diagram could be those of atoms in Group 1. 13 3. 3 2. 15 4. 16 2. Which

More information

Friday, 05/06/16 6) HW QUIZ MONDAY Learning Target (NEW)

Friday, 05/06/16 6) HW QUIZ MONDAY Learning Target (NEW) Friday, 05/06/16 1) Warm-up: If you start with 100g of a radioactive substance, how much will be left after 3 half-lives? 2) Review HW & Nuclear Notes 3) Complete Modeling Energy Investigation 4) Complete:

More information

Unit 3 Atomics Repair Problems

Unit 3 Atomics Repair Problems 1. What is the charge of the nucleus in an atom of oxygen-17? A) 0 B) 2 C) +8 D) +17 2. A neutral atom contains 12 neutrons and 11 electrons. The number of protons in this atom is A) 1 B) 11 C) 12 D) 23

More information

The Case of Melting Ice

The Case of Melting Ice Nuclear Chemistry A is for Atom - 1953 (15 minutes) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fn1oslamdgw part 1 (7:15) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cggskffgg7g part 2 (7:29) The Case of Melting Ice Frosty the

More information

General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 2e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity. 2.1 Multiple-Choice

General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 2e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity. 2.1 Multiple-Choice General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 2e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity 2.1 Multiple-Choice 1) Two atoms must represent the same element if they both have the same: A) number of electron shells

More information

Nuclear Chemistry Unit

Nuclear Chemistry Unit Nuclear Chemistry Unit January 28th HW Due Thurs. 1/30 Read pages 284 291 Define: Radioactivity Nuclear Radiation Alpha Particle Beta Particle Gamma Ray Half-Life Answer: -Questions 1-3 -Write the symbols

More information

Radioactive Decay. Scientists have discovered that when atoms of one kind of element emit radiation, they can change into atoms of a NEW element.

Radioactive Decay. Scientists have discovered that when atoms of one kind of element emit radiation, they can change into atoms of a NEW element. Radioactive Decay Radioactive Decay Scientists have discovered that when atoms of one kind of element emit radiation, they can change into atoms of a NEW element. Why would an atom emit radiation in the

More information

Notes: Part 1 - Nuclear Chemistry

Notes: Part 1 - Nuclear Chemistry Notes: Part 1 - Nuclear Chemistry NUCLEAR REACTIONS: NUCLEAR FISSION: NUCLEAR FUSION: NUCLIDES: -most nuclides have even # of protons and neutrons the neutron-to-proton ratio determines the stability of

More information

Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry

Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry 1. Stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously decay, emitting radiation.

More information

Chemistry PreAP Atomic Structure Homework Packet

Chemistry PreAP Atomic Structure Homework Packet Chemistry PreAP Atomic Structure Homework Packet Name: Period: Chemistry Teacher: 1 Isotopes Are all atoms of an element alike? Why? The following activity will help you learn the important structural

More information

Chemistry Review Unit 1 Study Guide

Chemistry Review Unit 1 Study Guide 1. Draw and label a Bohr model of a C 14 atom. 2. Describe the following about a proton a. mass: the mass of a proton is 1 atomic mass unit (AMU) b. charge: protons have a positive charge c. location:

More information

NJCTL.org 2015 AP Physics 2 Nuclear Physics

NJCTL.org 2015 AP Physics 2 Nuclear Physics AP Physics 2 Questions 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of? 2. What is the definition of the atomic number? What is its symbol?

More information

CHAPTER 4 Atomic Structure

CHAPTER 4 Atomic Structure CHAPTER 4 Atomic Structure 4.1 Early Theories of Matter Earth, Water, Air, Fire Matter was thought to be infinitely divisible No method was available to test theories Democritus (460 B.C. 370 B.C.) First

More information

Chapter 37. Nuclear Chemistry. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved.

Chapter 37. Nuclear Chemistry. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. Chapter 37 Nuclear Chemistry Copyright (c) 2 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. 37. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off

More information

Alyssa Dibidad Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute REU. 3 rd year Biochemistry Student Florida A&M University Tallahassee, FL

Alyssa Dibidad Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute REU. 3 rd year Biochemistry Student Florida A&M University Tallahassee, FL Alyssa Dibidad Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute REU 3 rd year Biochemistry Student Florida A&M University Tallahassee, FL What is Chemistry? The Basics The Atom and Atomic Structure Elements and

More information

Introduction to Ionizing Radiation

Introduction to Ionizing Radiation Introduction to Ionizing Radiation Bob Curtis OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center Supplement to Lecture Outline V. 10.02 Basic Model of a Neutral Atom Electrons(-) orbiting nucleus of protons(+) and neutrons.

More information

Form 6 Chemistry Notes Section 1 1/7 Section 1 Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry

Form 6 Chemistry Notes Section 1 1/7 Section 1 Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry Section 1 1/7 Section 1 Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry 1.1 Atomic structure Pre-knowledge 1. Explain each of the following terms (a) element (b) atom (c) ion (d) relative atomic mass (e) mole (f) the

More information

Teacher: Mr. gerraputa. Name: Which two radioisotopes have the same decay mode?

Teacher: Mr. gerraputa. Name: Which two radioisotopes have the same decay mode? Teacher: Mr. gerraputa Print Close Name: 1 Which two radioisotopes have the same decay mode? 37 Ca and 53 Fe 220 Fr and 60 Co 37 K and 42 K 99 Tc and 19 Ne 1 5. 3 Exactly how much time must elapse before

More information

Chapter 4. Atomic Structure

Chapter 4. Atomic Structure Chapter 4 Atomic Structure Warm Up We have not discussed this material, what do you know already?? What is an atom? What are electron, neutrons, and protons? Draw a picture of an atom from what you know

More information

Question 1: What are canal rays? Answer: Canal rays are positively charged radiations. These rays consist of positively charged particles known as

Question 1: What are canal rays? Answer: Canal rays are positively charged radiations. These rays consist of positively charged particles known as Question 1: What are canal rays? Canal rays are positively charged radiations. These rays consist of positively charged particles known as protons. They were discovered by Goldstein in 1886. Question 2:

More information

Safety: Do not eat the radioactive candium until it has decayed into a safer element.

Safety: Do not eat the radioactive candium until it has decayed into a safer element. Name: Date: Period: CHEMISTRY LAB #23 Radioactive Candium Experiment 90 MINUTES Do Now Review: 1) How long will it take for 20 g of 222 Rn to decay to 5 g? 2) How many half-lives is this? 3) What type

More information

AnswerIT! Atoms and isotopes. Structure of an atom Mass number, atomic number and isotopes Development of the model of the atom.

AnswerIT! Atoms and isotopes. Structure of an atom Mass number, atomic number and isotopes Development of the model of the atom. AnswerIT! Atoms and isotopes Structure of an atom Mass number, atomic number and isotopes Development of the model of the atom. Atoms and isotopes - AnswerIT 1. The diameter of an atom is about 0.000 000

More information

Unit 2 Exam - Atomic Structure and Nuclear

Unit 2 Exam - Atomic Structure and Nuclear 1. The atomic number of an atom is always equal to the total number of. neutrons in the nucleus. protons in the nucleus 5. The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of. neutrons, only. protons,

More information

6 Neutrons and Neutron Interactions

6 Neutrons and Neutron Interactions 6 Neutrons and Neutron Interactions A nuclear reactor will not operate without neutrons. Neutrons induce the fission reaction, which produces the heat in CANDU reactors, and fission creates more neutrons.

More information

Physics 1C. Lecture 29A. "Nuclear powered vacuum cleaners will probably be a reality within 10 years. " --Alex Lewyt, 1955

Physics 1C. Lecture 29A. Nuclear powered vacuum cleaners will probably be a reality within 10 years.  --Alex Lewyt, 1955 Physics 1C Lecture 29A "Nuclear powered vacuum cleaners will probably be a reality within 10 years. " --Alex Lewyt, 1955 The Nucleus All nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons (they can also be called

More information

Chapter 19 - Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Stability and Modes of Decay

Chapter 19 - Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Stability and Modes of Decay Chapter 19 - Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Stability and Modes of Decay History and Discovery of Radioactivity The Discovery of Radioactivity (1896) Antoine-Henri Bequerel designed experiment to determine

More information

The previous images display some of our hopes and fears associated with nuclear radiation. We know the images, and some of the uses, but what is Nuclear Radiation and where does it come from? Nuclide In

More information