Table O: Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Table O: Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry"

Transcription

1 Packet 12: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY STABLITY OF NUCLEI Most nuclei are stable and don t change. They are found within the belt of stability. Some nuclei are unstable and break down spontaneously giving off rays and particles. Whether a nucleus is stable or unstable can depend on the ratio of to. Ratio of neutrons to protons in stable nuclei is between 1:1 and 1.5:1 Atomic numbers 83 and above have no stable isotopes. The are called radioisotopes. An unstable nucleus decays in a series of steps that produces a stable nucleus. RADIOACTIVITY Unstable nuclei break down or decay. Decaying nuclei release high speed particles and energy called radiation o Radioactive emissions can be separated into three main types: 1. - helium nucleus 2. - high speed electron 3. - energy (NO MASS OR CHARGE) 4. Other important emissions include positrons. Table O: Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry

2 SEPARATING RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS Radioactive emissions can be separated using an electromagnetic field. (see below) The deflection of radioactive emissions depends on their charge: alpha particles = (attracted to the negative field) beta particles = ( attracted to the positive field) gamma rays = (not attracted to either) PENETRATING POWER alpha particles penetrate the least have the greatest penetrating power NATURAL RADIOACTIVE DECAY The nucleus of an unstable isotope or element breaks down. Natural decay occurs (by itself) and radioactive emissions are given off. When elements undergo radioactive decay, they change from one element to another. This is called. NOTE: ALL nuclear equations must show a balance of atomic mass and atomic number. WRITING/RECOGNIZING NUCLEAR EQUATIONS: as always, mass and charge must always be balanced. 1. Alpha Decay Loss of an. The alpha particle is the same as a helium nucleus. (see Table O) The loss of an alpha particle Reduces the mass (top number) by (mass of He) Reduces the atomic number(lower number) by (atomic number of He) Use periodic table to look up new, stable element

3 Practice: write alpha decay equations for the first 3 following isotopes: 2. BETA DECAY The nucleus decays and gives off a. (see Table O) during the conversion of a neutron to a proton. The loss of a beta particle has no effect on the mass, but increases the atomic number by. Practice: write beta decay equations for the first 3 of the following isotopes: 3. POSITRON DECAY The nucleus decays and gives off a. It is produced as a proton is converted to a neutron. A positron is similar to an electron in mass and size, but has a positive charge. (see Table O) Loss of a positron does not affect the mass, but decreases the atomic number by.

4 Practice: write positron decay equations for the first 3 of the following isotopes. 4. GAMMA RAY EMISSION The nucleus decays and gives off. Gamma rays are high energy rays (similar to X-rays), with no mass and no charge. (see Table O) When gamma rays are emitted, there is no change in mass or atomic number. Only the energy state changes. The letter m indicates a higher energy state. Regents practice questions:

5 HALF-LIFE Half-life is the The half-life of a given isotope is constant. It is not affected by temperature, pressure or chemical activity. Each isotope has its own half-life which is different from any other isotope. See Table N. Half of a sample remains after each half-life! Table N: Select Radioisotopes Ex: Look up gold- 198 After 0 half-life or 0 days 10 g are present. After 1 half-life or 2.69 days 5 g remains. After 2 half-life or 5.38 days (2 x 2.69 days) 2.5 g remains. After 3 half-life or 8.07 days (3 x 2.69 days) 1.25 g remains. The graph below represents the 10 g of Au-198 through 6 half-lives.

6 This table is very useful to solve simple half-live problems. half-life fraction remaining 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 1/64 Ex: How much of a 100 μg (microgram) sample of 16 N will remain after 28.8 seconds of decay? Look up 16 N on Table N. The half-life of 16 N is 7.2 seconds. Each half-life the sample is cut in half! 1 st (7.2 sec) 2 nd (14.4 sec) 3 rd (21.6 sec) 4 th (28.8 sec) 100 μg 50 μg 25 μg 12.5 μg 6.25 μg Answer: remains after 28.8 seconds Regents practice: How many days are required for 200 grams of radon-222 to decay to 50.0 grams? (1) 1.91 days (2) 3.82 days (3) 7.64 days (4) 11.5 days Which radioisotope undergoes beta decay and has a half-life of less than 1 minute? (1) Fr-220 (2) K-42 (3) N-16 (4) P-32 An original sample of K-40 has a mass of grams. After years, grams of the original sample remains unchanged. What is the half-life of K-40? (1) y (2) y (3) y (4) y What is the half-life of sodium-25 if 1.00 gram of a gram sample of sodium-25 remains unchanged after 237 seconds? (1) 47.4 s (2) 79.0 s (3) 59.3 s (4) 118 s Extra Regents Practice: Click here: Click here: Click here:

7 ARTIFICIAL TRANSMUTATION The nucleus is bombarded with particles, causing it to decay and change into a new element. High energy particles include protons, neutrons and alpha particles. (see Table O) Artificial transmutation is takes place in a laboratory. To recognize artificial transmutation: There are two reactants in these nuclear equations the atom and the. The right side of the equation contains the new element and an emitted particle, such as a neutron. Mass number and atomic number are EQUAL on both side of the equation! 9 4 Be + 1 1H 6 3Li + 4 2He Beryllium is bombarded with protons transmuting it into lithium and releasing alpha particles Al + 4 2He 30 15P + 1 0n Aluminum is bombarded with alpha particles transmuting it into phosphorus and releasing neutrons. 1) Which equation represents artificial transmutation? (1) H 1+ + OH 1- H 2 O (3) U Th + 4 2He (2) UF Na 6 NaF + U (4) 27 13Al + 4 2He 30 15P + 1 0n NUCLEAR ENERGY In nuclear reactions, mass is converted into Nuclear reactions produce tremendous amounts of energy. There are two types of nuclear reactions: fission and fusion. Fission In a fission reaction, one heavy nucleus absorbs a neutron and splits into two or more lighter nuclei, releasing neutrons and energy. Only elements of high atomic number can be fissioned. The neutrons that are released bombard other uranium nuclei, causing them to split and release even more neutrons. This is known as a. A nuclear reactor is a controlled chain reaction; an atomic bomb is an uncontrolled chain reaction.

8 Fission Chain Reaction Fusion In a fusion reaction, two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. The energy released by a fusion reaction is much greater than that in fission reactions. Fusion of hydrogen atoms to form helium takes place in the sun and other stars and also in hydrogen bombs, releasing tremendous amounts of energy. USES OF RADIOISOTOPES TRACERS: Carbon-14 is used to follow the course of a chemical or biological reaction. MEDICAL: Isotopes with very short half-lives are used in medical diagnosis and treatment of diseases. a) Technetium-99 ( Tc-99 ) pinpoints brain tumors b) Radium and Cobalt-60 ( Co-60 ) treatment of cancer c) Iodine-131 ( I-131 ) diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders FOOD STORAGE: Radiation kills bacteria, yeast and mold allowing food to be stored for longer periods of time. RADIOACTIVE DATING: Based on half-life a) Geologic dating Uranium-238 is used to find the age of rocks or mountains b) Dating living material the ratio of Carbon-14 to Carbon-12 can determine the age of organic material from organisms that were once alive NUCLEAR POWER: Electricity can be produced from nuclear reactors INDUSTRIAL MEASUREMENT: Subatomic particles can be used to measure the thickness of metal.

9

Nuclear Chemistry Review Packet

Nuclear Chemistry Review Packet Name Date Nuclear Chemistry Review Packet 1. The ratio of stability is (1) proton : neutron (2) neutron : proton (3) proton : positron (4) beta : proton 2. Which nuclear reaction is classified as alpha

More information

and have low penetrating power) Alpha particles are released through alpha decay. Beta Particles: An electron that comes from a nucleus through

and have low penetrating power) Alpha particles are released through alpha decay. Beta Particles: An electron that comes from a nucleus through TOPIC 13: Nuclear Chemistry 1. When the atomic nucleus of one element is changed into the nucleus of a different element, the reaction is called transmutation. Stability of a Nucleus: Any element containing

More information

Atomic Concepts and Nuclear Chemistry Regents Review

Atomic Concepts and Nuclear Chemistry Regents Review 1. In the late 1800s, experiments using cathode ray tubes led to the discovery of the 10.Compared to an atom of phosphorus-31, an atom of sulfur-32 contains A) electron B) neutron C) positron D) proton

More information

There are no stable isotopes of elements above atomic number 83.

There are no stable isotopes of elements above atomic number 83. Nuclear Chemistry Stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously decay, emitting radiation. All

More information

Unit 13: Nuclear Practice Packet Regents Chemistry: Practice Packet: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry

Unit 13: Nuclear Practice Packet Regents Chemistry: Practice Packet: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry Unit 13: Nuclear Practice Packet Regents Chemistry: Practice Packet: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry 1 Unit 13: Nuclear Practice Packet Lesson 1: Radioactive Decay Objective: Construct nuclear equations for

More information

Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry

Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry 1. Stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously decay, emitting radiation.

More information

Notes: Unit 14 Nuclear Chemistry

Notes: Unit 14 Nuclear Chemistry Name: Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Notes: Unit 14 Nuclear Chemistry www.mrpalermo.com Name: KEY IDEAS: Stability of isotopes is based in the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most

More information

Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry

Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry Name: KEY IDEAS: Stability of isotopes is based in the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are

More information

Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes

Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes St Ninian s High School Chemistry Department National 5 Chemistry Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes Name Learning Outcomes After completing this topic you should be able to :

More information

Chapter 21

Chapter 21 Chapter 21 http://youtu.be/kwasz59f8ga Nuclear reactions involve the nucleus The nucleus opens, and protons and neutrons are rearranged. The opening of the nucleus releases a tremendous amount of energy

More information

Regents review Nuclear Chemistry

Regents review Nuclear Chemistry 2011-2012 1. Given the nuclear equation: 14 7N + X 16 8O + 2 1H What is particle X? A) an alpha particle B) a beta particle C) a deuteron D) a triton 2. The nucleus of a radium-226 atom is unstable, which

More information

Key Question: What role did the study of radioactivity play in learning more about atoms?

Key Question: What role did the study of radioactivity play in learning more about atoms? Name Chemistry Essential question: How were the parts of the atom determined? Key Question: What role did the study of radioactivity play in learning more about atoms? Vocabulary: alpha particle fusion

More information

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. LAST TOPIC OF THE YEAR!! Name: CHANGING THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM. 1 P age

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. LAST TOPIC OF THE YEAR!! Name: CHANGING THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM. 1 P age NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY CHANGING THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM LAST TOPIC OF THE YEAR!! Name: 1 P age Why do unstable isotopes undergo nuclear reactions? Do Now: Draw Bohr models of three different isotopes of carbon

More information

Nonrenewable Energy: Nuclear. Energy Part 2

Nonrenewable Energy: Nuclear. Energy Part 2 Nonrenewable Energy: Nuclear Energy Part 2 What do you know about Nuclear Chemistry? http://ed.ted.com/lessons/radioactivity-expect-the-unexpected-steveweatherall I. Radiation Radiation = any movement

More information

Friday, 05/06/16 6) HW QUIZ MONDAY Learning Target (NEW)

Friday, 05/06/16 6) HW QUIZ MONDAY Learning Target (NEW) Friday, 05/06/16 1) Warm-up: If you start with 100g of a radioactive substance, how much will be left after 3 half-lives? 2) Review HW & Nuclear Notes 3) Complete Modeling Energy Investigation 4) Complete:

More information

Alta Chemistry CHAPTER 25. Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications

Alta Chemistry CHAPTER 25. Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications CHAPTER 25 Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry deals with changes in the nucleus The nucleus of an atom contains Protons Positively Charged

More information

Unit 13: Nuclear Chemistry

Unit 13: Nuclear Chemistry Name Unit 13: Nuclear Chemistry Skills: 1. Review Atomic Structure 2. Determining Nuclear Stability 3. Naming and Drawing Hydrocarbons 4. Using N + O to Write Decay Equations Period 5. Solve Various Half

More information

Name Date Class NUCLEAR RADIATION. alpha particle beta particle gamma ray

Name Date Class NUCLEAR RADIATION. alpha particle beta particle gamma ray 25.1 NUCLEAR RADIATION Section Review Objectives Explain how an unstable nucleus releases energy Describe the three main types of nuclear radiation Vocabulary radioisotopes radioactivity radiation alpha

More information

Nuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4

Nuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4 Nuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4 Use the laws of conservation of mass number and charge to determine the identity of X in the equations below. Refer to a periodic table as needed. 222 a. Rn

More information

D) g. 2. In which pair do the particles have approximately the same mass?

D) g. 2. In which pair do the particles have approximately the same mass? 1. A student constructs a model for comparing the masses of subatomic particles. The student selects a small, metal sphere with a mass of gram to represent an electron. A sphere with which mass would be

More information

Name: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.

Name: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. CHAPTER 21 REVIEW Nuclear Chemistry SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Based on the information about the three elementary particles in the text, which has

More information

Aim:How can we determine the particles emitted from radioactive

Aim:How can we determine the particles emitted from radioactive Aim:How can we determine the particles emitted from radioactive decay? Nuclear Stability: The larger (more massive) a nucleus is, the harder it is for it to stay together. Natural transmutation (natural

More information

Chapter 7 Review. Block: Date:

Chapter 7 Review. Block: Date: Science 10 Chapter 7 Review Name: KEY Block: Date: 1. Radioactivity is the release of high-energy particles and rays from a substance as a result of changes in the nuclei of its atoms.. _Natural background

More information

Isotopes Atoms of an element (same # p+) that differ in their number of neutrons

Isotopes Atoms of an element (same # p+) that differ in their number of neutrons Isotopes Atoms of an element (same # p+) that differ in their number of neutrons Radio-isotopes Isotope of an element that is UNSTABLE. They spontaneously emit particles (energy) in order to achieve a

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Proposal: build a nuclear power plant in Broome County. List the pros & cons

Nuclear Chemistry. Proposal: build a nuclear power plant in Broome County. List the pros & cons Nuclear Chemistry Proposal: build a nuclear power plant in Broome County. List the pros & cons 1 Nuclear Chemistry Friend or Fiend 2 The Nucleus What is in the nucleus? How big is it vs. the atom? How

More information

UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY REVIEW: ISOTOPE NOTATION An isotope notation is written as Z A X, where X is the element, A is the mass number (sum of protons and neutrons), and Z is the atomic number. For

More information

Ch Radioactivity. Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896.

Ch Radioactivity. Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896. Ch. 10 - Radioactivity Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896. Radioactivity the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy

More information

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy ~ TRANSMUTATION: the change of one element into another due to

More information

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Radioactivity Test Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Radioactive s have unstable a. electrons. c. protons. b. nuclei.

More information

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy

RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy RADIOACTIVITY: spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of certain atoms accompanied by the emission (release) of particles and/or energy ~ TRANSMUTATION: the change of one element into another due to

More information

Chapter 22 - Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter 22 - Nuclear Chemistry Chapter - Nuclear Chemistry - The Nucleus I. Introduction A. Nucleons. Neutrons and protons B. Nuclides. Atoms identified by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus 8 a. radium-8 or 88 Ra II.

More information

Students ScoreBooster Video Tutorials. JAMB (UTME), WAEC (SSCE, GCE), NECO, and NABTEB EXAMS. Chemistry.

Students ScoreBooster Video Tutorials. JAMB (UTME), WAEC (SSCE, GCE), NECO, and NABTEB EXAMS. Chemistry. Students ScoreBooster Video Tutorials on JAMB (UTME), WAEC (SSCE, GCE), NECO, and NABTEB EXAMS Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry-II (JAMB (UTME)) Presented by Saheed Adewale Lateef [B.Eng. (ChE)] Learning Outcomes

More information

Chapter 25. Nuclear Chemistry. Types of Radiation

Chapter 25. Nuclear Chemistry. Types of Radiation Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry Chemical Reactions 1. Bonds are broken and formed 2. Atoms may rearrange, but remain unchanged 3. Involve only valence electrons 4. Small energy changes 5. Reaction rate is

More information

Notes: Part 1 - Nuclear Chemistry

Notes: Part 1 - Nuclear Chemistry Notes: Part 1 - Nuclear Chemistry NUCLEAR REACTIONS: NUCLEAR FISSION: NUCLEAR FUSION: NUCLIDES: -most nuclides have even # of protons and neutrons the neutron-to-proton ratio determines the stability of

More information

Name: Nuclear Practice Test Ms. DeSerio

Name: Nuclear Practice Test Ms. DeSerio Name: Nuclear Practice Test Ms. DeSerio 1. Which nuclear emission has the greatest mass and the least penetrating power? 1) an alpha particle 2) a beta particle 3) a neutron 4) a positron 2. The nucleus

More information

Chapter 3. Radioactivity. Table of Contents

Chapter 3. Radioactivity. Table of Contents Radioactivity Table of Contents Introduction 1. Radioactivity 2. Types of Radioactive Decays 3. Natural Radioactivity 4. Artificial Radioactivity 5. The Rate of Radioactive Decay 6. The Effects of Radiation

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Mass Defect. E=mc 2. Radioactivity. Types of Radiation. Other Nuclear Particles. Nuclear Reactions vs. Normal Chemical Changes

Nuclear Chemistry. Mass Defect. E=mc 2. Radioactivity. Types of Radiation. Other Nuclear Particles. Nuclear Reactions vs. Normal Chemical Changes 1 Nuclear Chemistry Mass Defect 4 Some of the mass can be converted into energy Shown by a very famous equation! E=mc 2 Energy Mass Speed of light Radioactivity 2 Types of Radiation 5 One of the pieces

More information

Nuclear Radiation. Natural Radioactivity. A person working with radioisotopes wears protective clothing and gloves and stands behind a shield.

Nuclear Radiation. Natural Radioactivity. A person working with radioisotopes wears protective clothing and gloves and stands behind a shield. Nuclear Radiation Natural Radioactivity A person working with radioisotopes wears protective clothing and gloves and stands behind a shield. 1 Radioactive Isotopes A radioactive isotope has an unstable

More information

Unit 2 Exam - Atomic Structure and Nuclear

Unit 2 Exam - Atomic Structure and Nuclear 1. The atomic number of an atom is always equal to the total number of. neutrons in the nucleus. protons in the nucleus 5. The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of. neutrons, only. protons,

More information

Unit 4 Practice Exam. 1. Given the equation representing a nuclear reaction in which X represents a nuclide:

Unit 4 Practice Exam. 1. Given the equation representing a nuclear reaction in which X represents a nuclide: Unit 4 Practice Exam 1. Given the equation representing a nuclear reaction in which X represents a nuclide: Which nuclide is represented by X? A) B) C) D) 7. Radiation is spontaneously emitted from hydrogen-3

More information

Chapter 10. Section 10.1 What is Radioactivity?

Chapter 10. Section 10.1 What is Radioactivity? Chapter 10 Section 10.1 What is Radioactivity? What happens when an element undergoes radioactive decay? How does radiation affect the nucleus of an unstable isotope? How do scientists predict when an

More information

Aim: What are the two types of Nuclear. Reactions? Do Now: 1. Get into your groups and compare your answers to your homework.

Aim: What are the two types of Nuclear. Reactions? Do Now: 1. Get into your groups and compare your answers to your homework. Aim: What are the two types of Nuclear Reactions? Do Now: 1. Get into your groups and compare your answers to your homework. Nuclear Energy In nuclear reaction, mass is converted into energy; there is

More information

Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry. Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity

Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry. Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity Atoms An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has all of the properties of that element. Composition

More information

Nuclear packet Check: Wednesday May 15 Nuclear packet corrections: Friday May 17 Exam Date: Friday May 17

Nuclear packet Check: Wednesday May 15 Nuclear packet corrections: Friday May 17 Exam Date: Friday May 17 Textbook: read Chapter 19 pp. 606-629 Quizlet questions: Read Chapter 3 p. 24-30 Quizlet Questions: Part A-B1 p. 27-28 #1-11, part A-B1 p. 30 # 12-22. (on scantron to be collected for quiz grade) Chapter

More information

1ST SEM MT CHAP 22 REVIEW

1ST SEM MT CHAP 22 REVIEW 1ST SEM MT CHAP 22 REVIEW Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY PLEASE) 1. Mass defect is the difference between the mass

More information

Fundamental Forces of the Universe

Fundamental Forces of the Universe Fundamental Forces of the Universe There are four fundamental forces, or interactions in nature. Strong nuclear Electromagnetic Weak nuclear Gravitational Strongest Weakest Strong nuclear force Holds the

More information

: When electrons bombarded surface of certain materials, invisible rays were emitted

: When electrons bombarded surface of certain materials, invisible rays were emitted Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions 1. Occur when nuclei emit particles and/or rays. 2. Atoms are often converted into atoms of another element. 3. May involve protons, neutrons, and electrons 4. Associated

More information

Differentiating Chemical Reactions from Nuclear Reactions

Differentiating Chemical Reactions from Nuclear Reactions Differentiating Chemical Reactions from Nuclear Reactions 1 CHEMICAL Occurs when bonds are broken or formed. Atoms remained unchanged, though may be rearranged. Involves valence electrons Small energy

More information

Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry The Nucleus Remember that the nucleus is comprised of the two nucleons, protons and neutrons. The number of protons is the atomic number. The number of protons and neutrons

More information

Chapter 21. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Mass Defect and Nuclear Stability Nucleons and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions

Chapter 21. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Mass Defect and Nuclear Stability Nucleons and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Mass Defect and Nuclear Stability Nucleons and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions Section 1 The Nucleus Lesson Starter Nuclear reactions result in much larger energy

More information

Chemistry 52 Chapter 11 ATOMIC STRUCTURE. The general designation for an atom is shown below:

Chemistry 52 Chapter 11 ATOMIC STRUCTURE. The general designation for an atom is shown below: ATOMIC STRUCTURE An atom is composed of a positive nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons in a nucleus are referred

More information

The Case of Melting Ice

The Case of Melting Ice Nuclear Chemistry A is for Atom - 1953 (15 minutes) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fn1oslamdgw part 1 (7:15) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cggskffgg7g part 2 (7:29) The Case of Melting Ice Frosty the

More information

Nuclear Study Packet. 1. What subatomic particles are involved in nuclear reactions? 2. What subatomic particles are involved in chemical reactions?

Nuclear Study Packet. 1. What subatomic particles are involved in nuclear reactions? 2. What subatomic particles are involved in chemical reactions? Name Period Nuclear Study Packet Set 1 1. What subatomic particles are involved in nuclear reactions? 2. What subatomic particles are involved in chemical reactions? 3. If an atom undergoes a reaction

More information

The diagram below shows a radioactive isotope going through several half-lives as it decays.

The diagram below shows a radioactive isotope going through several half-lives as it decays. By what process do most stars release energy? A. Electromagnetic induction resulting from strong magnetic fields B. Radioactivity in the interior of the star C. Nuclear fusion in the interior of the star

More information

SAVE PAPER AND INK!!!

SAVE PAPER AND INK!!! SAVE PAPER AND INK!!! When you print out the notes on PowerPoint, print "Handouts" instead of "Slides" in the print setup. Also, turn off the backgrounds (Tools>Options>Print>UNcheck "Background Printing")!

More information

Teacher: Mr. gerraputa. Name: Which two radioisotopes have the same decay mode?

Teacher: Mr. gerraputa. Name: Which two radioisotopes have the same decay mode? Teacher: Mr. gerraputa Print Close Name: 1 Which two radioisotopes have the same decay mode? 37 Ca and 53 Fe 220 Fr and 60 Co 37 K and 42 K 99 Tc and 19 Ne 1 5. 3 Exactly how much time must elapse before

More information

Nuclear Chemistry Unit

Nuclear Chemistry Unit Nuclear Chemistry Unit January 28th HW Due Thurs. 1/30 Read pages 284 291 Define: Radioactivity Nuclear Radiation Alpha Particle Beta Particle Gamma Ray Half-Life Answer: -Questions 1-3 -Write the symbols

More information

da u g ht er + radiation

da u g ht er + radiation RADIOACTIVITY The discovery of radioactivity can be attributed to several scientists. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895 and shortly after that Henri Becquerel observed radioactive behavior while

More information

Unit 6 Nuclear Radiation Parent Guide. What is radioactivity and why are things radioactive?

Unit 6 Nuclear Radiation Parent Guide. What is radioactivity and why are things radioactive? Unit 6 Nuclear Radiation Parent Guide What is radioactivity and why are things radioactive? The nucleus of an atom is comprised of subatomic particles called protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive

More information

From Last Time. Stronger than coulomb force, But much shorter range than coulomb force.

From Last Time. Stronger than coulomb force, But much shorter range than coulomb force. From Last Time Nucleus is small, tightly bound system of protons & neutrons. Proton number determines the element. Different isotopes have different # neutrons. Some isotopes unstable, radioactively decay

More information

( Practice(Packet( ( Chapter(2:(Nuclear(Chemistry((

( Practice(Packet( ( Chapter(2:(Nuclear(Chemistry(( Regents Chemistry: Dr. Mintz PracticePacket Chapter2:NuclearChemistry http://mintzchemistry.weebly.com 50 Chapter 2: Nuclear Chemistry Vocabulary Alpha Particles a nuclear particle that contains two protons

More information

Number of protons. 2. What is the nuclear symbol for a radioactive isotope of copper with a mass number of 60? A) Cu

Number of protons. 2. What is the nuclear symbol for a radioactive isotope of copper with a mass number of 60? A) Cu Chapter 5 Nuclear Chemistry Practice Problems 1. Fill in the missing information in the chart: Medical Use Atomic Mass symbol number Heart imaging 201 Tl 81 Number of protons Number of neutrons Abdominal

More information

Unit 1 Atomic Structure

Unit 1 Atomic Structure Unit 1 Atomic Structure Defining the Atom I. Atomic Theory A. Modern Atomic Theory 1. All matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms 2. Atoms of the same element are chemically alike 3. Individual

More information

fission and fusion and classify a nuclear reaction as either a fission or fusion reaction.

fission and fusion and classify a nuclear reaction as either a fission or fusion reaction. Chemistry HP Unit 11 Nuclear Chemistry Learning Targets (Your exam at the end of Unit 11 will assess the following:) 11. Nuclear Chemistry 11-1. Write the nuclide symbol for a given isotope. 11-2. Describe

More information

1. This question is about the Rutherford model of the atom.

1. This question is about the Rutherford model of the atom. 1. This question is about the Rutherford model of the atom. (a) Most alpha particles used to bombard a thin gold foil pass through the foil without a significant change in direction. A few alpha particles

More information

Al-Saudia Virtual Academy Pakistan Online tuition Online Tutor Pakistan. NUCLEAR PHYSICS: Chapter 19

Al-Saudia Virtual Academy Pakistan Online tuition Online Tutor Pakistan. NUCLEAR PHYSICS: Chapter 19 Al-Saudia Virtual Academy Pakistan Online tuition Online Tutor Pakistan NUCLEAR PHYSICS: Chapter 19 Nuclear Physics: Branch of physics that deals with the study of the nucleus is called nuclear physics.

More information

Nuclear Chemistry Lecture Notes: I Radioactive Decay A. Type of decay: See table. B. Predicting Atomic Stability

Nuclear Chemistry Lecture Notes: I Radioactive Decay A. Type of decay: See table. B. Predicting Atomic Stability Nuclear Chemistry Lecture Notes: I Radioactive Decay A. Type of decay: See table Type Symbol Charge Mass (AMU) Effect on Atomic # Alpha α +2 4 decrease by 2 Beta β- -1 0 increase electron by 1 Beta β+

More information

Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions Slide 1 / 33 Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions The Nucleus Slide 2 / 33 Proton: The charge on a proton is +1.6x10-19 C. The mass of a proton is 1.6726x10-27 kg. Neutron: The neutron is neutral. The

More information

The previous images display some of our hopes and fears associated with nuclear radiation. We know the images, and some of the uses, but what is Nuclear Radiation and where does it come from? Nuclide In

More information

Unit 1 Atomic Structure

Unit 1 Atomic Structure Unit 1 Atomic Structure 3-1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory I. Atomic Theory A. Modern Atomic Theory 1. All matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms 2. Atoms of the

More information

Name Date Class. alpha particle radioactivity gamma ray radioisotope beta particles radiation X-ray radioactive decay

Name Date Class. alpha particle radioactivity gamma ray radioisotope beta particles radiation X-ray radioactive decay Name Date _ Class _ Nuclear Chemistry Section.1 Nuclear Radiation In your textbook, read about the terms used to describe nuclear changes. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.

More information

Nuclear fission and fusion are processes that involve extremely large amounts of energy.

Nuclear fission and fusion are processes that involve extremely large amounts of energy. Nuclear Reactions & Energy Nuclear fission and fusion are processes that involve extremely large amounts of energy. Fission = the splitting of a large nucleus into two smaller nuclei, subatomic particles

More information

Unit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? a. same number of protons

Unit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? a. same number of protons 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? same number of protons same number of chemical bonds same number of neutrons same number of particles in the nucleus Self Assessment

More information

Chapter 18. Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter 18. Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 18 Nuclear Chemistry The energy of the sun comes from nuclear reactions. Solar flares are an indication of fusion reactions occurring at a temperature of millions of degrees. Introduction to General,

More information

Chapter 37. Nuclear Chemistry. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved.

Chapter 37. Nuclear Chemistry. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. Chapter 37 Nuclear Chemistry Copyright (c) 2 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. 37. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off

More information

Isotopes. An isotope is an atom of the same element (same number of protons) that varies in the number of neutrons.

Isotopes. An isotope is an atom of the same element (same number of protons) that varies in the number of neutrons. Nuclear Chemistry Isotopes An isotope is an atom of the same element (same number of protons) that varies in the number of neutrons. Most elements have several isotopes Some are unstable and emit radiation

More information

Isotopes. An isotope is an atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that vary in the number of neutrons.

Isotopes. An isotope is an atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that vary in the number of neutrons. Nuclear Chemistry Isotopes An isotope is an atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that vary in the number of neutrons. Most elements have several isotopes Some are unstable and emit radiation

More information

Chemistry Unit 5 Exam Study Guide Nuclear Chemistry

Chemistry Unit 5 Exam Study Guide Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry Unit 5 Exam Study Guide Nuclear Chemistry Define the following vocabulary terms: Radioactivity Radiation Alpha Particle Beta Particle Gamma Ray Transmutation Half-life Nuclear Decay Nuclear Fission

More information

Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 3 Notes

Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 3 Notes Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 3 Notes Academic Chemistry Name 52 24 Cr Mass Number Symbol Atomic Number Unit #3 Test Date You can never learn less, you can only learn more. R. Buckminster Fuller

More information

Isotopes and Radioactive Decay

Isotopes and Radioactive Decay NAME PERIOD DATE CHAPTER 4 NOTES: ISOTOPES Isotopes and Radioactive Decay ISOTOPES: Atoms that contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Isotopes containing more neutrons have

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Transmutations and the Creation of Elements

Nuclear Chemistry. Transmutations and the Creation of Elements Nuclear Chemistry Transmutations and the Creation of Elements Nuclear Fusion When two smaller elements are fused together to form a larger element. Fusion is Hard! There are two competing forces in an

More information

Atoms have two separate parts. The nucleus and the electron cloud.

Atoms have two separate parts. The nucleus and the electron cloud. Name Ch. 5 - Atomic Structure Pre-AP Modern Atomic Theory All atoms are made of three subatomic (smaller than the atom) particles: the protons, the electrons and the neutrons. (P.E.N. s) There are particles

More information

Fiesta Ware. Nuclear Chemistry. 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Fiesta Ware. Nuclear Chemistry. 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Fiesta Ware 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Measuring Radioactivity One can use a device like this Geiger counter to measure the amount of activity present in a radioactive sample. The ionizing radiation creates

More information

What do the nuclei of different molybdenum isotopes have in common?

What do the nuclei of different molybdenum isotopes have in common? Q1.(a) There are many isotopes of the element molybdenum (Mo). What do the nuclei of different molybdenum isotopes have in common? The isotope molybdenum-99 is produced inside some nuclear power stations

More information

HOMEWORK 22-1 (pp )

HOMEWORK 22-1 (pp ) CHAPTER 22 HOMEWORK 22-1 (pp. 701 702) Define. 1. nucleons 2. nuclide 3. mass defect 4. nuclear binding energy Solve. Use masses of 1.0087 amu for the neutron, 1.00728 amu for the proton, and 5.486 x 10

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Chapter 24

Nuclear Chemistry. Chapter 24 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 24 Radioactivity Radioisotopes are isotopes that have an unstable nucleus. They emit radiation to attain more stable atomic configurations in a process called radioactive decay.

More information

2) Explain why the U-238 disintegration series shown in the graph ends with the nuclide Pb-206.

2) Explain why the U-238 disintegration series shown in the graph ends with the nuclide Pb-206. Name: 3156-1 - Page 1 Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following: A U-238 atom decays to a Pb-206 atom through a series of steps. Each point on the graph below represents a nuclide and each arrow represents

More information

Nuclear Chemistry Notes

Nuclear Chemistry Notes Nuclear Chemistry Notes Definitions Nucleons: Subatomic particles in the nucleus : protons and neutrons Radionuclides: Radioactive nuclei. Unstable nuclei that spontaneously emit particles and electromagnetic

More information

NUCLEAR ENERGY! DAY 1: (RADIATION, FISSION, FUSION)

NUCLEAR ENERGY! DAY 1: (RADIATION, FISSION, FUSION) NUCLEAR ENERGY! DAY 1: (RADIATION, FISSION, FUSION) Nucleus Stability Stability of the nucleus depends on the nuclear forces that act between protons and neutrons Protons repel each other Protons attract

More information

Chemistry 19 Prep Test - Nuclear Processes

Chemistry 19 Prep Test - Nuclear Processes Chapter 9 Prep-Test Chemistry 9 Prep Test - Nuclear Processes Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. Which of the illustrations above

More information

the properties of that element

the properties of that element Name Date Due Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table: Unit Objective Study Guide Part 1 Directions: Write your answers to the following questions in the space provided. For problem solving, all of the

More information

Nuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion fission

Nuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion fission Nuclear processes: Students will develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive

More information

Chapter 20: Phenomena. Chapter 20: The Nucleus: A Chemist s View. Nuclear Decay. Nuclear Decay. Nuclear Decay. Nuclear Decay

Chapter 20: Phenomena. Chapter 20: The Nucleus: A Chemist s View. Nuclear Decay. Nuclear Decay. Nuclear Decay. Nuclear Decay Chapter 20: Phenomena Phenomena: Below is a list of stable isotopes of different elements. Examine the data and see what patterns you can identify. The mass of a electron is 0.00055 u, the mass of a proton

More information

RADIOACTIVITY. An atom consists of protons, neutrons and electrons.

RADIOACTIVITY. An atom consists of protons, neutrons and electrons. RADIOACTIVITY An atom consists of protons, neutrons and electrons. - Protons and neutrons are inside the nucleus - Electrons revolve around the nucleus in specific orbits ATOMIC NUMBER: - Total number

More information

Ch 22 Radioactivity Nuclear Chemistry

Ch 22 Radioactivity Nuclear Chemistry AMHS AP Chemistry Name Period S T A T I O N 1 Q U I Z O N P E O P L E Match the people with the following ideas. Each name may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a) Albert Einstein b) Marie Curie

More information

nuclear energy fusion reactions

nuclear energy fusion reactions nuclear energy In America, about 20% of electricity is generated using nuclear power (fission reactors). Imagine: a nuclear powered car Fuel = pencil-sized Uranium cylinder Energy = 1000 20-gallon tanks

More information

Chem 1A Chapter 5 and 21 Practice Test Grosser ( )

Chem 1A Chapter 5 and 21 Practice Test Grosser ( ) Class: Date: Chem A Chapter 5 and 2 Practice Test Grosser (203-204) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. The periodic law states that the properties

More information

NJCTL.org 2015 AP Physics 2 Nuclear Physics

NJCTL.org 2015 AP Physics 2 Nuclear Physics AP Physics 2 Questions 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of? 2. What is the definition of the atomic number? What is its symbol?

More information

Nuclear Physics Questions. 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of?

Nuclear Physics Questions. 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of? Nuclear Physics Questions 1. What particles make up the nucleus? What is the general term for them? What are those particles composed of? 2. What is the definition of the atomic number? What is its symbol?

More information

Unit 2 Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry

Unit 2 Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry 1 West Linn High School Unit 2 Packet and Goals Name: Period: Unit 2 Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Unit Goals: As you work through this unit, you should be able to: 1. describe Dalton

More information