Unit 2 Exam - Atomic Structure and Nuclear
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1 1. The atomic number of an atom is always equal to the total number of. neutrons in the nucleus. protons in the nucleus 5. The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of. neutrons, only. protons, only. neutrons plus protons. electrons plus protons. neutrons plus protons in the atom. protons plus electrons in the atom 6. n atom of Rn contains. 88 protons and 138 neutrons 2. n atom of an element contains 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons. This element is. an alkali metal. an alkaline earth metal. 88 protons and 138 electrons. 88 electrons and 226 neutrons. 88 electrons and 226 protons. a halogen. a noble gas 7. The nucleus is the part of the atom that 3. What is the atomic number of an element whose atoms each contain 47 protons, 60 neutrons, and 47 electrons? consist mostly of empty space. has a negative charge. occupies most of the atom s total volume. contains most of the atom s total mass 4. What is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nuclide r? What is the mass number of an ion that has 83 protons, 80 electrons, and 126 neutrons? page 1
2 9. Which symbol represents a proton? 14. Which particle is electrically neutral?. 1 1 H. 0 1 H. 1 0 H. 0 0 H. proton. positron. neutron. electron 10. The number of protons in an atom of 3 1 H is Which nucleus is from an isotope of an atom with the 6n nucleus 6p?. 6n 6p. 4n 8p. 8n 6p. 6n 8p 11. Which atom contains exactly 15 protons?. phosphorus-32. sulfur-32. oxygen-15. nitrogen neutron has approximately the same mass as. an alpha particle. a beta particle. an electron. a proton 12. fter bombarding a gold foil sheet with alpha particles, scientists concluded that atoms consist mainly of. electrons. empty space. protons. neutrons 17. In which two atoms do both nuclides contain the same number of neutrons? Ne and 18 r u and 30 Zn Mg and 12 Mg and 6 8 O 13. What is the charge and mass of a proton?. charge of +1 and mass of 1 amu. charge of +1 and mass of amu. charge of 1 and mass of 1 amu. charge of 1 and mass of amu 18. What is the total number of electrons in an atom with an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 27? page 2
3 19. Which of the following particles has the least mass?. an electron. a proton. a deuteron. a neutron 23. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the data table below, which shows three isotopes of neon. Isotope tomic Mass (atomic mass units) Percent Natural bundance 20Ne % 21Ne % 22Ne % ased on natural abundances, the average atomic mass of neon is closest to which whole number? 20. Which pair of atoms are isotopes of element X? X and 91 X X and 91 X X and 90 X X and 91 X 24. The atomic mass of element is 63.6 atomic mass units. The only naturally occurring isotopes of element are -63 and -65. The percent abundances in a naturally occurring sample of element are closest to. 31% -63 and 69% % -63 and 50% sample of element X contains 90 percent 35 X atoms, 8.0 percent 37 X atoms, and 2.0 percent 38 X atoms. The average isotopic mass is closest to. 69% -63 and 31% % -63 and 0% Which statement best explains why most atomic masses on the Periodic Table are decimal numbers?. tomic masses are determined relative to an H 1 standard.. tomic masses are determined relative to an O 16 standard.. tomic masses are a weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes.. tomic masses are an estimated average of the artificially produced isotopes. 25. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below. Isotope Naturally Occurring Isotopes of Sulfur tomic Mass (atomic mass units, u) Natural bundance (%) 32 S S S S Show a correct numerical setup for calculating the atomic mass of sulfur. page 3
4 26. Isotopes of the same element must have the same 30. The stability of an isotope is based on its. atomic number. mass number. number of nucleons. number of neutrons. number of neutrons, only. number of protons, only. ratio of neutrons to protons. ratio of electrons to protons 27. toms of every isotope of calcium have the same. atomic mass. atomic number. number of neutrons. number of nucleons 31. For a given mass, the energy released is greatest for a reaction involving. slow oxidation. rapid oxidation. fission. fusion 28. s the mass number of the isotopes of hydrogen increases, the number of protons. decreases. increases. remains the same 32. Which process occurs in a controlled fusion reaction?. Light nuclei collide to produce heavier nuclei.. Heavy nucei collide to produce lighter nuclei.. Neutron bombardment splits light nuclei.. Neutron bombardment splits heavy nuclei. 29. ll atoms in a given sample of an element contain the same number of. nucleons and electrons. nucleons and neutrons. protons and electrons. protons and neutrons 33. Given the equation: 14 7 N He X O. When the equation is correctly balanced, the particle represented by the X will be. 0 1 e. 1 0 n. 1 1 H. 2 1 H page 4
5 34. When a uranium nucleus breaks up into fragments, which type of nuclear reaction occurs?. fusion. fission. replacement. redox 38. n 80 milligram sample of a radioactive isotope decays to 5 milligrams in 32 days. What is the half-life of this element?. 8 days. 2 days. 16 days. 4 days 35. Which materials are commonly used for shielding in a nuclear fission reactor?. uranium and plutonium 39. n original sample of a radioisotope had a mass of 10 grams. fter 2 days, 5 grams of the radioisotope remains unchanged. What is the half-life of this radioisotope?. 1 day. 2 days. 5 days. 4 days. boron and cadmium. steel and concrete. beryllium and heavy water 40. In 6.20 hours, a 100-gram sample of g decays to 25.0 grams. What is the half-life of g? hours hours 36. Given the nuclear reaction: hours hours S n 1 1 H + X What does X represent in this reaction? P P S S 41. The graph shown represents the decay of a radioactive isotope. What is the half-life of this isotope?. 1 hour. 2 hours 37. One benefit of nuclear fission reactions is. nuclear reactor meltdowns. 3 hours. 6 hours. storage of waste materials. biological exposure. production of energy page 5
6 42. Given the nuclear equation: K a e + energy This equation is an example of 46. Given the nuclear equation: Th 88 Ra + X The letter X in the equation represents. alpha decay. beta decay. fission. fusion. an alpha particle. a beta particle. a gamma ray. a neutron 43. iagnostic injections of radioisotopes used in medicine normally have. short half-lives and are quickly eliminated from the body. short half-lives and are slowly eliminated from the body 47. The structure of an alpha particle is the same as a. lithium atom. neon atom. hydrogen nucleus. helium nucleus. long half-lives and are quickly eliminated from the body. long half-lives and are slowly eliminated from the body 48. Gamma rays are most similar to 44. fter 30 days, 5.0 grams of a radioactive isotope remains from an original 40-gram sample. What is the half-life of this element?. 5 days. 10 days. 15 days. 20 days. positively charged hydrogen nuclei. positively charged helium nuclei. high-energy X-rays. high-speed electrons 45. gamma ray is best described as having. no electric charge and no mass. a negative charge and no mass. a positive charge and a mass number of Gamma rays are emanations that have. mass but no charge. charge but no mass. neither mass nor charge. both mass and charge. a positive charge and a mass number of 4 page 6
7 50. Given the nuclear equation: 9 4 e + X 6 3 Li + 4 2He. What is the identity of particle X in this equation? 54. n unstable nucleus loses the most mass if the nucleus emits. 1 1 H. 2 1 H. 0 1 e. 1 0 n. an alpha particle. a beta particle. a positron. a gamma ray 51. Given the nuclear reaction: e + X N What is the identity of particle X?. alpha particle. beta particle. proton. neutron 55. Within a nuclear reactor, the purpose of the moderator is to. absorb neutrons in the reactor core. absorb neutrons in the outer containment structure. slow down neutrons in the reactor core. slow down neutrons in the outer containment structure 52. Which of these types of radiation has the greatest penetrating power? 56. Which isotope is most commonly used in the radioactive dating of the remains of organic materials? N. 32 P. 37 K. alpha. beta. gamma. positron 57. What is a problem commonly associated with nuclear power facilities? 53. Which of these particles has the greatest mass?. alpha. beta. neutron. positron. small quantity of energy is produced.. Reaction products contribute to acid rain.. It is impossible to control nuclear fission.. It is difficult to dispose of wastes. page 7
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