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1 Name: RegentsChemistry:Mr.Palermo PracticePacket: Level2:Matter

2 Name: Vocabulary Definetheseinyourownwordssothatyoucaneasilyrememberthem.Youcanusetheflash cardsonmywebsite,classtextbook,internet,friendsetcforhelpindefingthem. Physicalproperty Chemicalproperty STP Monatomicelement Diatomicelement Solid Liquid Gas Aqueous Filtration Distillation Evaporation Chromatography Conductivity Solubility Phasechange Element Compound Mixture Homogeneousmixture Heterogeneousmixture

3 Name: *

4 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER Lesson1:TypesofMatter Classifyeachofthefollowingwiththecombinationoftermslistedbelow. pure%substance% %element% % % % mixture% %homogeneous%% % pure%substance% %compound%%% % % mixture% %heterogeneous 1.HClaq) 2.sugarC11H22O11) 3.KBrs) 4.soil 5.Cl2g) 6.water 7.CH2OH)2aq) 8.sodium 9.Hgl) 10.ironoxide 11.NH3l) 12.saltwater 13.Matterthatiscomposedoftwoormoredifferentelementschemicallycombinedinafixed proportionisclassifiedas 1)acompound 2)anelement 3)amixture 4)asolution 14.Acompounddiffersfromanelementinthatacompound 1)ishomogeneous 2)hasadefinitecomposition 3)hasadefinitemeltingpoint 4)canbedecomposedbyachemicalreaction 15.Acompounddiffersfromamixtureinthatacompoundalwayshasa 1)homogeneouscomposition 2)maximumoftwoelements 3)minimumofthreeelements 4)heterogeneouscomposition 16.Aheterogeneousmaterialmaybe 1)anelement 2)acompound 3)apuresubstance 4)amixture 17.Whichstatementisanidentifyingcharacteristicofamixture? 1)amixturecanconsistofasingleelement 2)amixturecanbeseparatedbyphysicalmeans 3)amixturemusthaveadefinitecompositionbyweight 4)amixturemustbehomogeneous 1

5 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER 18.Whichmustbeamixtureofsubstances? 1)solid 2)liquid 3)gas 4)solution 19.Whichsubstancecanbedecomposedbychemicalmeans? 1)aluminum 2)octane 3)silicon 4)xenon 20.Whichsubstancecanbedecomposedbychemicalmeans? 1)ammonia 2)oxygen 3)phosphorus 4)silicon 21.Whichsubstancecannotbebrokendownby achemicalreaction? 1)ammonia 2)argon 3)methane 4)water 22.Twosubstances,AandZ,aretobeidentified.SubstanceAcannotbebrokendownbyachemical change.substancezcanbebrokendownbyachemicalchange.whatcanbeconcludedaboutthese substances? 1)Bothsubstancesareelements. 2)Bothsubstancesarecompounds. 3)SubstanceAisanelementandsubstanceZisacompound. 4)SubstanceAisacompoundandsubstanceZisanelement. 23.Whichtermsareusedtoidentifypure substances? 1)anelementandamixture 2)anelementandacompound 3)asolutionandamixture 4)asolutionandacompound 24.Twodifferentsamplesdecomposewhenheated.Onlyoneofthesamplesissolubleinwater.Basedon thisinformation,thesetwosamplesare 1)boththesameelement 2)twodifferentelements 3)boththesamecompound 4)twodifferentcompounds 2

6 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER 25.Tetrachloromethane,CCl4,isclassifiedasa 1)compoundbecausetheatomsoftheelementsarecombinedinafixedproportion 2)compoundbecausetheatomsoftheelementsarecombinedinaproportionthatvaries 3)mixturebecausetheatomsoftheelementsarecombinedinafixedproportion 4)mixturebecausetheatomsoftheelementsarecombinedinaproportionthatvaries 26. Thetablebelowshowsthemassand volumedataforfoursamplesof substancesatthesametemperature andpressure. Whichtwosamplescouldconsistofthe samesubstance? and CriticalThinking: WhichofthefollowingisNOTatruestatement? a.twoormoreatomsheldtogetherwithbondsmakeupamolecule. b.puresubstancesaremadeofonlyonetypeofatom. c.atleasttwotypesofatomsarerequiredtomakeacompound. d.mixturescanbemadeoftwoelements,twocompoundsoranelementacompound. 3

7 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER Interpreting Chemical Formulas How many atoms of the element sodium Na) are there in one Na 2 S? How many atoms of each type of element in the formulas? CO CO 2 H 2 SO 4 Br 2 How many units of KCl are expressed by 4KCl? How many Na 2 S are shown by 3Na 2 S? How many atoms of C, of H and of O are communicated by writing 3 C 6 H 12 O 6? C: H: O: 4

8 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER Lesson3:ParticleDiagrams Classify each of the pictures below by placing the correct label in the blanks below: A= Element D= Mixture of compounds B= Compound E= Mixture of elements and compounds C= Mixture of elements Each circle represents an atom and each different color represents a different kind of atom. If two atoms are touching then they are bonded together. 5

9 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER 1.) Draw a diagram of a: Drawing Particle Arrangements pure diatomic pure diatomic mixture of mixture of mixture of element compound two elements an element two diatomic a compound elements a compound 1.) In terms of composition/type of atoms, what is the difference between a monatomic element, a diatomic element, and a diatomic compound? 3.) Use the following key for parts a-c. = element X = element Z a.) 8 atoms of element X in gaseous form b.) 4 molecules of compound X 2 Z in liquid form c.) Homogeneous mixture of element Z with element X 10 atoms of each element). 6

10 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER LESSON 4: PROPERTIES AND CHANGES OF MATTER Directions: Complete the chart to the best of your ability. Situation Type of Change P or C) Explanation Write a sentence.) Cooking an egg Digesting your lunch Mixing the ingredients for a cake Rusting of a nail Dew forming on the lawn Melting ice off a windshield Combustion burning) of gasoline Purifying salt water by evaporation CO 2 s) CO 2 g) H 2 O g) H 2 O l) H 2O NaCl s) NaCl aq) 7

11 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER IdentifythefollowingaseitheraphysicalpropertyP)orachemicalpropertyC).% a. Goldcanbeflattenedintosheet b. Magnesiumconductselectricity. c. Magnesiumreactswithanacid. e. Ironreactswithoxygentoformrust. g. Saltdissolvesinwater. i. Sodiumchlorideformsanaqueous solution. k. Hydrogengashasaboilingpointof a253ºcatstandardpressure. m. Oxygengasisslightlysolubleinwater. o. CompoundAisabluecolor. d. Magnesiumhasahighboilingpoint. f. Ironformsacompoundwithchlorine. h. Hydrogengasburnsinair. j. Hydrogengashasadensityof g/cm 3 atstp. l. Oxygencancombinewithametalto produceacompound. n. Oxygengascanbecompressed. p. Waterfreezesat0ºC. IdentifythefollowingaseitheraphysicalchangeP)orachemicalchangeC).% a. Freezing b. Boiling c. Condensing d. Evaporating e. Burning f. Exploding g. Dissolving h. Decomposing i. Forminganaqueoussolution j. Corroding/rusting k. Crystallizing l. Subliming 52.Thediagrambelowrepresentsthestartingmaterialsreactants)andendingmaterialsproducts) afterachangehastakenplace.wasthechangephysicalorchemical?explain. 53.Giventheparticlediagramrepresentingfourmoleculesofasubstance: Whichparticlediagrambestrepresentsthissamesubstanceafteraphysicalchangehastakenplace? 8

12 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER Room temperature in degrees Fahrenheit F) is about 72 F. In degrees Celsius C) this is about 25 C. In the classroom you can observe all 3 states solid, liquid, and gas) at the same temperature. This means that not all substances have the same phase at the same temperature. Scientists had to develop a term to refer to talk about substances under normal conditions. It is called STP. At STP, oxygen is a gas, while Cu is a solid. STP= STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE a.) Where can you find STP conditions in your Reference Table? Table b.) Standard temperature = o C or K c.) Standard pressure = kpa or atm d.) In your own words, summarize what STP is and why it is necessary. Description If temp is lower than the melting point, it has not melted yet. MP BP. If temp is higher than the melting point, it has melted already. If temp is lower than the boiling point, it has not boiled yet. Resulting Phase Solid Liquid Liquid Gas If temp is higher than the boiling point, it has boiled already. For Example: Substance Color Melting Point ºC) Boiling Point ºC) Bromine Red-Brown Chlorine Green-yellow Ethanol Colorless Mercury Silvery-white Neon Colorless Sulfur Yellow Water Colorless ) Which colorless substance is a liquid at -30ºC? 2) Which colorless substance is a gas at 60 ºC? 3) Which substance is a solid at 7 ºC? 4) Which element is a liquid when mercury boils? 9

13 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER Notice water s MP/BP! You will be expected to know this throughout the year! This refers to distilled water pure H 2 O), not tap water what comes out of your sink that has extra substances in it). Some physical properties including melting and boiling point!) of the first 92 elements are listed on Table S in the reference tables. Suppose you were in Boston, MA sea level) and it was cold enough to freeze water 0 C). What state of matter, would each of the following substances exist at? Note that Table S has MP/BP in Kelvin!) 1. Hydrogen 2. Lithium 3. Bromine 4. At STP, which list of elements contains a solid, a liquid, and a gas? 1) Hf, Hg, He 3) Ba, Br 2, B 2) Cr, Cl 2, C 4) Se, Sn, Sr 10

14 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER 11

15 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER ELEMENTS,COMPOUNDS,ANDMIXTURES Level2Review/StudyGuide 1.Matterisanythingthathasamassandtakesupspace.Anelementisthesimplestformofmatter, whichcannotbebrokendownanyfurther.elementsarelistedontablesandtheperiodictable.their symbolsstartwithanuppercaseletter. a.whichofthefollowingisnotmatter? Magnesium CalciumCarbonate Saltwater Heat b.whichoftheaboveisanelement? 2.Compoundsarecomposedoftwoormoreelements.Theycanonlybedecomposedchemically. Elementsandcompoundsarealsoknownassubstances. a.whichofthechoicesinnumberonewasacompound? b.howcancompoundbebrokendown? c.whichofthechoicesinquestiononearesubstances? 3.Mixturesarephysicalcombinationsoftwoormoresubstanceselementsand/orcompounds). Mixturescanbehomogeneouscompletelymixed,cannotseetheparts)orheterogeneousunevenly mixed,canseetheparts).mixturescanbeseparatedbyphysicalmeans.labeleachashomogeneousor heterogeneous: Sand: Brass: Milk: Oilandwater: 4Compoundsmustbeseparatedchemicallybutmixturescanbeseparatedeasilyusingphysicalmethods. a.matcheachmethodwithitsname. Distillation Separatedbydifferencesinparticlesize Filtration Topouroffthetoplayerofanunevenmixture Decant Separatedbydifferencesinboilingpoint. Chromatography Justatestforpurity b.whichoftheaboveprocessesonlyworkifthemixtureisheterogeneous? 12

16 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER 5.Mixturesarecomposedofsolutesthatdissolveandsolventsthatdothedissolving.Thesoluteshould bethesmallerquantity. a.inicedtea,whatisthesolute? solvent? b.inair,nameasolute: c.doallsolventshavetobewater?explain. SOLIDS,LIQUIDS,ANDGASES 6.Asolidhasadefiniteshapeandvolume.Solidsarearrangedinageometricpattern.Liquidshavea definitevolumebuttaketheshapeofthecontainertheyarein.gaseshaveanindefiniteshapeand volume;theytaketheshapeandvolumeofthecontainer.gasesareeasilycompressed. a.drawparticlediagramsforasolid,liquid,andagasusingatleast5particles: b.whichhasadefiniteshape? HClg) H2Ol) Cus) c.whichhasadefinitevolume? LiFg) Br2l) Mgs) 7.Vaporsarethegasphaseofsubstancesthatarenormallysolidorliquidatroomtemperature.Which canbeavapor? Carbondioxide Water Oxygen 8.Phasechangesoccurwhenheatisgiventoortakenfromasample.Foreachofthefollowing,givethe phasesinvolvedandifitisendothermicorexothermic. Evaporation Melting Deposition Boiling Condensation Sublimation 13

17 PracticePacket:LEVEL2MATTER CHANGESINTHELAB 9.Physicalchangesarechangeswherethesubstanceretainsitsproperties.Chemicalchangeswill makesubstanceschangeintonewsubstancesandchangeproperties. a.labelthefollowingasphysicalp)orchemicalc)properties: Texture flammability boilingpoint: Odor color chemicalcomposition: b.labelthefollowingasphysicalp)orchemicalc)changes: Corrosion: melting: mixing: Freezing: cutting: decaying: 14