SCIENCE 1206 UNIT 2 CHEMISTRY. November January 2010

Transcription

1 SCIENCE 1206 UNIT 2 CHEMISTRY November January 2010

2 UNIT OUTLINE CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY GENERAL TERMS PERIODIC TABLE BOHR DIAGRAMS ATOMS versus IONS NAMING COMPOUNDS IONIC, MOLECULAR, ACIDS CHEMICAL REACTIONS BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS 5 TYPES of REACTIONS

3 IMPORTANT TO KNOW... You will get a PERIODIC TABLE!!! It is your best friend for this unit! You will need it each and every day. Take care of it, cherish it, appreciate it! In other words, do not leave it in a crumpled mess at the base of your locker or bookbag LINK LINK 2

4 CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY MATTER DEFINITION: Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space). What is not matter? Energy In chemistry, we often discuss microscopic matter, such as atoms, ions, elements, and compounds. MASS The amount of matter an object contains, measured in grams, g.

5 3 STATES OF MATTER SOLID Definite volume and shape LIQUID Definite volume, indefinite shape GAS Indefinite volume, indefinite shape Chemistry Subscripts (s) - solid (l) - liquid (g) - gas (aq) aqueous, dissolved in water

6 WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? DEFINITION: The study of the properties and chemical changes/reactions of matter. So, chemistry matters Examples of chemical reactions: Rusting Burning/Combustion

7 TWO TYPES OF CHEMISTRY PURE CHEMISTRY Theoretical work that involves DESCRIBING known substances and DISCOVERING new compounds for research purposes. APPLIED CHEMISTRY Practical work that involves searching for USES for known substances.

8 PHYSICAL PROPERTY A QUALITY or CHARACTERISTIC of a substance that can be observed WITHOUT a chemical reaction. Examples of Physical Properties State of matter Hardness Colour Malleability Ductility Odor Solubility Brittleness Conductivity Melting Point and Boiling Point

9 PHYSICAL CHANGE A change in state of matter of a substance. Examples of Physical Changes: Melting/fusion SOLID to LIQUID Freezing LIQUID to SOLID Evaporation LIQUID to GAS Condensation GAS to LIQUID Sublimation SOLID to GAS Deposition GAS to SOLID Ex: H 2 O (s) H 2 O (l)

10 CHEMICAL PROPERTY A BEHAVIOUR of a substance that can only be observed when a CHEMICAL CHANGE is taking place. Example: Magnesium ribbon burning 2 Mg (s) + O 2(g) 2 MgO (s) + light energy The chemical property is that light is given off when magnesium is burned. CHEMICAL CHANGE A change in which ONE OR MORE NEW SUBSTANCES is formed. Example: Iron Rusting 4 Fe (s) + 3 O 2(g) Fe 2 O 3(s)

11 INDICATORS OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE Basically, a chemical change has occurred if the change is DIFFICULT TO REVERSE. However, there are many good indicators of a chemical change. Observe the following pictures, and take a guess at what is happening to indicate a CHEMICAL CHANGE.

12 CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS COLOUR CHANGE

13 CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS BUBBLES OF GAS

14 CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS SOLID (PRECIPITATE) FORMATION

15 CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS HEAT/LIGHT GIVEN OFF

16 HOMEWORK!!! 1. Identify the following as a PHYSICAL PROPERTY or a CHEMICAL PROPERTY. 1. Burns in air when heated. 2. Melts at 98 degrees Celsius. 3. Reacts violently with water. 4. Can be cut with a knife. 5. Conducts electricity. 2. Identify the following as a PHYSICAL CHANGE or a CHEMICAL CHANGE. 1. Digesting a meal. 2. Butter melting in a pan. 3. Burning gasoline. 4. Wood rotting. LINK

17 MATTER FLOW CHART-Draw MATTER PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE COMPOUND HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE (SOLUTION) HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE ELEMENT ATOM

18 PURE SUBSTANCE Made up of only ONE TYPE OF ATOM or ATOM COMBINATION Stays the same in response to a physical change Example: O 2 H 2 O TWO TYPES: Element Compound

19 TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCES ELEMENT A pure substance that CANNOT be broken down into a simpler substance by a CHEMICAL CHANGE. It is made up of 1 TYPE OF ATOM. Element SYMBOLS are always written with the first letter UPPERCASE and the second letter LOWERCASE. Element NAMES are always written in LOWERCASE letters. Examples: Na Li Ar W

20 TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCES COMPOUND A pure substance that CAN be broken down into its elements with a CHEMICAL CHANGE. It is made up of two or more elements are chemically joined together in fixed proportions. Examples: NaCl C 6 H 12 O 6 CH 4 H 2 O

21 MIXTURE Contains 2 or more pure substances TWO TYPES: HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE AKA SOLUTION Have only one visible phase throughout Examples: air, apple juice, salt water HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE Contains 2 or more visible phases throughout Examples: Soil, soup, fruitcake

22 DIATOMIC MOLECULES There are 7 elements that are diatomic, or found in pairs, in their natural state. These are: H 2, O 2, F 2, Br 2, I 2, N 2, Cl 2, Also P 4 and S 8 Memory tool: P.S., HOFBrINCl

23 REACTANTS Starting Materials in a chemical reaction PRODUCTS New substances formed in a chemical reaction CHEMICAL REACTION Reactants go to form Products Example: C (s) + O 2(g) CO 2(g)

24 HOMEWORK Name the type of pure substance that is found on the periodic table. 2. Give an example of each of the following: 1. Pure substance 2. Heterogeneous mixture 3. Homogeneous mixture LINK

25 MSDS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

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