CHEMISTRY 118, PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY SPRING 2018

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1 CHEMISTRY 118, PRINCIPLES O CHEMISTRY SPRING 2018 instructor: Jeffrey L. Petersen, Professor office: 257 CRL personal address: jpeterse@wvu.edu MIX address: jpeterse@mix.wvu.edu www address: lecture periods: Monday, Wednesday, riday, 10:30 a.m., Room 312, Clark Hall recitation period: Monday, 1:30 p.m., Room 312, Clark Hall laboratory periods: Wednesday and riday, 1:30 p.m., Room , Clark Hall Cell phones and portable listening devices, such as a MP3 player, ipod, or radio, are to be turned off and stowed during lecture and recitation periods, laboratory sessions, and examinations. Text Principles of Modern Chemistry, D. W. Oxtoby, H. P. Gillis, and A. Campion, 7th ed. or Principles of Modern Chemistry, D. W. Oxtoby, H. P. Gillis, and L. J. Butler, 8th ed. Introduction Chemistry 118 is the second semester course of a full year course designed to provide students with a practical understanding of fundamental chemical principles and their quantitative application in the laboratory. The primary topics that will be covered in this course include the solid state, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, kinetics and reaction mechanism, descriptive chemistry of nonmetals and metals, and coordination chemistry. The overall goals of Chemistry 118 are consistent with those of the University's General Education Curriculum (GEC objective 2B) and place special emphasis on the development of critical thinking skills. Learning Outcomes Upon successful completion of this course, undergraduate students will 1. have a firm foundation of the fundamental mathematical relationships, principles, and theories of chemistry. 2. be able to conduct qualitative and quantitative experiments, maintain an accurate written record of their experimental work, perform relevant calculations and graphical

2 analyses, and evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of the results of their laboratory work. 3. develop the problem solving and critical thinking skills needed to solve mathematically complex chemical problems. 4. master the laboratory techniques necessary to perform accurate and precise chemical analyses and learn the proper procedures for the safe handling of chemicals. 5. gain a practical knowledge of the language of chemistry as it pertains to chemical nomenclature, units of measure, general classes of chemical reactions, properties exhibited by chemical elements and compounds, and relationships between various physiochemical quantities. 6. be able to visualize the structures displayed by chemical compounds and understand the basic principles that ultimately determine these structural arrangements and their corresponding properties. 7. develop an appreciation for the relevance of chemistry in addressing fundamental environmental, energy-related, and socioeconomic issues facing an increasingly technological world. Examinations ive written examinations and a comprehensive final examination will be administered during the semester. The examination schedule is attached to this syllabus. Determination of Grade The final grade will be based upon your performance on the written examinations, on the homework assignments, and on the laboratory exercises. The following weighting scheme will be used for this determination. Hour exams: 30% Homework assignments: 10% inal exam: 20% Laboratory work: 40% Grading Scale: (A+), (A), (A-), (B+), (B), (B-), (C+), (C), (C-), below 60 (D), below 50 () Homework Assignments Specific problems from the textbook and additional problems taken from previous examinations will be assigned periodically. The homework assignments must be

3 handed in on time and will be graded promptly. Assignments handed in after the due date, without my prior approval, will only receive 50% of the maximum possible credit. Because your success in this class depends on your understanding and ability to apply the concepts covered on the homework assignments, it is highly recommended that you do as many of the problems as possible on your own. If you misplace a homework assignment, it can also be found at Reserve Materials The answer keys to all of the assigned problems and the written examinations will be placed on reserve in Wise Library. The reserve desk is located on the left side of the main floor as you enter the new addition of Wise Library. The reserve materials can also be retrieved electronically by going to the University Library website located at These materials are saved in pdf format, which will require the use of Adobe Acrobat Reader to retrieve them. If you do not have Adobe Acrobat Reader on your computer, the latest version can be downloaded at no charge from the University Library website. To access the materials on electronic reserve (ereserves), use the following steps after opening the Library website: 1. Click on Course Reserves and then Log In 2. Enter your Username and your Password 3. Select CHEM117 Monday Recitation Period The Monday afternoon period will be used as a review session to provide help with assigned homework problems and as an examination period on the designated dates. Laboratory Sessions Your lab desk in either Clark 300 or 301 will be the same one as in Chemistry 117. A copy of the laboratory schedule is attached. To ensure your personal safety, safety goggles and a laboratory apron must be worn at all times in the laboratory. Also you must wear shoes that cover your feet and shorts are not to be worn in the lab. The rules established by the WVU Department of Chemistry with regard to laboratory conduct and safety will be strictly enforced during each lab period. Laboratory notebooks will be collected at least three times during the semester for grading. You will be notified at least two weeks in advance of the dates when your lab book must be turned in. Before each laboratory experiement, you must write a short summary in your lab book at the beginning of the experiment. All subsequent entries in

4 your lab book must be made as you perform the various steps associated with the experiment. Save sufficient space in your notebook to record your experimental data and to perform all of the required calculations. It is to your advantage to complete the write-up for each experiment as you finish the experiment rather than waiting until just before the lab books are due to be turned in. Social Justice Statement The West Virginia University community is committed to creating and fostering a positive learning and working environment based on open communication, mutual respect, and inclusion. If you are a person with a disability and anticipate needing any type of accommodation in order to participate in this class, please advise me and make appropriate arrangements with the Office of Accessibility Services ( ). or more information on West Virginia University's Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives, please see

5 LECTURE SYLLABUS CHEMISTRY 118, SPRING 2018 Jeffrey L. Petersen, Professor DAY DATE CHAPTER LECTURE TOPICS M 1/8 21 Types of Crystal Lattices, Symmetry W 1/10 21 Atom Packing, Cation/Anion Stoichiometry, Radius Ratio 1/12 21 X-Ray Diffraction, Bragg's Law M 1/15 - Martin Luther King's Birthday Recess W 1/17 21 Introduction to Crystallographic Methods for Molecular Structure Determination 1/19 21 Band Theory for Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators M 1/22 21 Diamond and Zinc Blende Structures W 1/24 12 Energy, Work, and Heat; irst Law of Thermodynamics 1/26 12 Specific Heat, State unctions, Gas Expansion and Compression M 1/29 12 Thermochemistry, Hess's Law W 1/31 12 Heats of Reaction, Calorimetry 2/2 12 Transformations of State M 2/5 12 Reversible Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes W 2/7 13 Carnot Cycle and Heat Engines 2/9 13 Entropy, 2nd Law of Thermodynamics M 2/12 13 Spontaneity, Gibbs ree Energy W 2/ ,14.7 Chemical Equilibrium, van't Hoff Equation 2/16 17 Electrochemical Cells M 2/19 17 araday's Law, Electrolysis, Voltaic Cells

6 DAY DATE CHAPTER LECTURE TOPICS W 2/21 17 ree Energy, Standard Reduction Potentials, Cell Voltage 2/23 17 Nernst Equation and its Application M 2/26 18 Introduction to Kinetics, Reaction Order, Differential Rate Law W 2/28 18 Integrated Rate Laws, Half-Life 3/2 18 Reaction Mechanism, Rate Determining Step M 3/5 Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energy W 3/7 18 Reaction Coordinate, Catalysis, Michaelis-Menten Kinetic Model 3/9 Handout Chemistry of Hydrogen M- 3/12-3/16 Spring Recess M 3/19 Handout Chemistry of Oxygen W 3/21 Handout Purification and Refinement of Common Metals 3/23 Handout Chemistry of Nitrogen M 3/26 Handout Chemistry of Phosphorus W 3/28 Handout Chemistry of Sulfur 3/30 Easter Recess M 4/2 Handout Chemistry of the Halogens W 4/4 8 Introduction to Coordination Compounds 4/6 8 Ligands, Common Geometries, Metal Oxidation State, Nomenclature M 4/9 8 Isomerism, Diastereomers and Enantiomers W 4/11 8 Effective Atomic Number Rule (18 Electron Rule) Valence Bond Theory 4/13 8 Crystal ield Theory

7 DAY DATE CHAPTER LECTURE TOPICS M 4/16 8 Magnetism (Low Spin vs. High Spin Electron Configurations) W 4/18 8 MO Theory for Octahedral Complexes 4/20 8 Origin of the Spectrochemical Series, Donor and Acceptor Ligands M 4/23 8 Magnetic Susceptibility W 4/25 8 Kinetic Stability, Labile vs. Inert, Associative and Dissociative Ligand Substitution Mechanisms 4/27 Course Evaluation M-S 4/30-5/4 - inals Week CHEMISTRY 118 INAL EXAM - THURSDAY, MAY 3, 2018 at 2 p.m.

8 SCHEDULE OR EXAMINATIONS AND RECITATION SESSIONS CHEMISTRY 118, SPRING 2018 DAY DATE TOPIC OR ACTIVITY Monday 1/8 Cubic Crystal Lattices Monday 1/15 Martin Luther King's Birthday Recess Monday 1/22 Question and Answer Session Monday 1/29 EXAM 1 Monday 2/5 Question and Answer Session Monday 2/12 Question and Answer Session Monday 2/19 EXAM 2 Monday 2/26 Question and Answer Session Monday 3/5 EXAM 3 Monday 3/12 Spring Break Monday 3/19 Question and Answer Session Monday 3/26 EXAM 4 Monday 4/2 Question and Answer Session Monday 4/9 Question and Answer Session Monday 4/16 EXAM 5 Monday 4/23 Make-up Lecture (if necessary) Thursday 5/3 COMPREHENSIVE INAL EXAM

9 WEEK DAY DATE ACTIVITY LABORATORY SCHEDULE CHEMISTRY 118, SPRING W 2 W 3 W 4 W 5 W 6 W 7 W 8 W 9 W 10 W 11 W 12 M 13 W 14 W 15 W 1/10 1/12 1/17 1/19 1/24 1/26 1/31 2/2 2/7 2/9 2/14 2/16 2/21 2/23 2/28 3/2 3/7 3/9 3/21 3/23 3/28 3/30 4/4 4/6 4/11 4/13 4/18 4/20 4/25 4/27 Solid State Models - Cubic Crystal Lattices Solid State Models - Insulators to Superconductors Molecular Symmetry Introduction to X-ray Crystallography Use of an Adiabatic Calorimeter - Determination of the Specific Heat of a Metal and the Heat of Solution for an Ionic Salt Use of an Adiabatic Calorimeter - Molar Enthalpies for Acid- Base Neutralization Reactions Temperature Dependence of an Equilibrium Constant Temperature Dependence of an Equilibrium Constant Redox Titration of Iron with Dichromate Redox Titration of Iron with Dichromate Voltaic Cells and the Nernst Equation Voltaic Cells and the Nernst Equation Potentiometric Titrations Potentiometric Titrations Potentiometric Titrations Chemical Kinetics: A irst-order Reaction Chemical Kinetics: A irst-order Reaction Kinetics of an Iodine Clock Reaction Kinetics of an Iodine Clock Reaction Easter Recess Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron 24 th Careers for Chemists Program Synthesis of a Paramagnetic Transition Metal Complex Synthesis of a Paramagnetic Transition Metal Complex Magnetic Susceptibility Laboratory Clean-Up and Check-Out

10 Guidelines for Chemistry 117/118 Laboratory Notebook 1. Write your name, local address, and campus phone number on the inside cover of your notebook. 2. Use the first four pages of your notebook as a table of contents. Include the title of each experiment and appropriate page numbers. Table of Contents Title of Experiment Page Number 1. Balances, Volumetric Equipment, Density 1 2. Stoichiometry Write a brief (no more than one page) summary describing the general objectives of the experiment at the beginning of each laboratory exercise. Include pertinent chemical equations and mathematical relationships that are relevant to the specific experiment. This summary must be written in your notebook before you begin the experiment. Have your instructor or teaching assistant initialize your summary prior to beginning each new laboratory experiment or exercise. 4. Enter all experimental steps in chronological order as you perform the experiment in the laboratory. If a particular experiment has several parts, use an appropriate subheading to separate each section. 5. Record all weighings and measurements for each sample separately in your notebook. Use tables whenever appropriate to organize your data. ALWAYS RECORD DATA DIRECTLY INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK rather than on scrap paper. At the end of each laboratory period, you must have the instructor or a teaching assistant initialize your lab book after the last entry for that particular day. 6. Show all of your calculations. Use proper units and the correct number of significant figures in reporting your experimental results. or multiple determinations, always calculate and report the average deviation for all averaged results. All graphs should be clearly labeled and stapled or taped on a blank page set aside for each graph. 7. Include a summary table of your final results for each section of the experiment. You can either use the summary table(s) provided with the experiment or create your own.

11 8. Mistakes in your notebook should be simply crossed out. DO NOT TEAR OUT ANY PAGES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK! 9. All entries should be written legibly in blue or black ink, NOT PENCIL. Anyone should be able to pick-up your notebook and readily follow what you did for each experiment. 10. At the end of each experiment, describe the experiment that you performed and then comment specifically on the results and reproducibility of your work. Discuss potential sources of error that could or did affect your results under the subheading of General Overview of the Experiment with Discussion of Results and Potential Errors. Under the subheading of Concluding Comments, comment specifically on what you learned in the process of carrying out the experiment. Also, include any comments regarding how you might improve the experiment. Be sure to include all of the required calculations and answer all of the questions in the laboratory handout for each laboratory exercise. 11. The general organization of each experiment in your notebook should resemble: Title of the Experiment A. Summary B. Experimental Procedure C. Data (including tables and graphs) D. Calculations and Summary of Results (including summary tables provided with each laboratory experiment handout) E. Discussion of Results and Potential Errors. Concluding Comments

12 Grading Scheme for Laboratory Experiments The grading scheme for the laboratory experiments is as follows: Overall laboratory write-up (total of 50 pts.) Summary - 5 pts. Experimental procedure - 10 pts Presentation of data, calculations, summary table of results - 15 pts Discussion and concluding comments - 20 pts Results (total of 50 pts.) Accuracy and precision Correct number of significant figures Reminder: Always report the average and the average deviation for multiple determinations Latest Penalty: Your laboratory notebook will be collected three times during the course of the semester for the purpose of grading. Although your instructor will announce at least two weeks in advance the date when the laboratory notebooks are due, it is to your advantage to finish writing up the results of your laboratory work as soon as possible after each laboratory exercise has been completed. A 10% lateness penalty will be imposed for each week that a laboratory notebook is turned in late. Any student who does not turn in a completed laboratory notebook at the end of the semester will automatically receive a final grade of.

CHEMISTRY 117, PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY FALL 2017

CHEMISTRY 117, PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY FALL 2017 CHEMISTRY 117, PRINCIPLES O CHEMISTRY ALL 2017 instructor: Professor Jeffrey L. Petersen office: 257 CRL (Chemistry Research Laboratory) e-mail address: jpeterse@wvu.edu www address: http://petersen.chem.wvu.edu