Investigation 1: Separating Mixtures

Transcription

1 5 th Science Notebook Mixtures and Solutions Investigation 1 Investigation 1: Separating Mixtures Name: Big Question: How are mixtures and solutions similar and different and how can they be separated? 1

2 Alignment with New York State Science Standards & Performance Indicators Standard 1: Mathematical Analysis M1.1 Extend mathematical notation and symbolism to include variables and algebraic expressions in order to describe and compare quantities M2.1 Use inductive reasoning to construct, evaluate, and validate conjectures and arguments, recognizing patterns can assist in explaining and extending math phenomena M3.1 Apply math knowledge to solve real-world problems Standard 1: Scientific Inquiry S1.1 Formulate questions independently with the aid of references appropriate for guiding the search for explanations of observations S1.2 Construct explanations independently for natural phenomena S1.3 Represent, present, and defend proposed explanations S2.1 Use conventional techniques and those of their own design to make further observations and refine explanations S2.2 Develop, present, and defend formal research proposals S2.3 Carry out research proposals, recording observations and measurements S3.1 Design charts, tables, graphs and other visual representations of observations in conventional and creative ways S3.2 Interpret organized data to answer the research question and to gain insight into the problem S3.3 Modify their personal understanding of phenomena based on evaluation of their hypothesis Standard 1: Engineering Design T1.2 Locate and utilize a range of printed, electronic, and human information sources to obtain ideas T1.3 Consider constraints and generate several ideas for alternative solutions, using group and individual ideation techniques, defer judgment, evaluate ideas, explain optimal choice T1.4 Develop plans and construct a model of the solution T1.5 In a group setting, test their solution against design specs, present and evaluate results, describe how solution might be modified, and discuss tradeoffs 2

3 Alignment with New York State Science Standards & Performance Indicators Standard 2: Information Systems 3: Information technology can have a positive and negative impact on society, depending on its use Standard 4 Physical Environment 3.1a Substances have characteristic properties. 3.1b Solubility can be affected by the nature of the solute and solvent, temperature, and pressure. 3.1c The motion of particles helps to explain the phases of matter as well as changes from one phase to another. 3.1d Gases have neither a determined shape nor a definite volume. 3.1e A liquid has a definite volume, but takes the shape of his container. 3.1f A solid has a definite volume and shape. 3.1g Characteristic properties can be used to identify different materials, and separate a mixture of substances into its components. 3.1h Density can be described as the amount of matter that is in a given amount of space. 3.2a During a physical change a substance keeps it chemical composition and properties. 3.2b Mixtures are physical combinations of materials and can be separated by physical means. 3.2c During a chemical change, substances react in ways to form new substances with different properties. 3.2d Substances are often placed in categories if they react in similar ways; for example metals, nonmetals, noble gases 3.2e The Law of Conservation of Mass states that during an ordinary chemical reaction, matter cannot be created or destroyed. 3.3a All matter is made up of atoms. 3.3b Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. The greater the temperature, the greater the motion. 3

4 Alignment with New York State Science Standards & Performance Indicators 3.3c Atoms join together in well-defined molecules or may be arranged in regular geometric patterns. 3.3d Interactions among atoms/molecules result in chemical reactions. 3.3e The atoms of any one element are different from atoms of other elements. 3.3f There are more than 100 elements. Elements combine to produce compounds. 3.3g The periodic table is one useful model for classifying elements. The table can be used to predict properties. 4.2e Temperature affects solubility of some substances in water. 4.3a In chemical reactions, energy is transferred into or out of a system. 4.5a Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form into another. 4.5b Energy can change from one form to another, although in the process some energy is always converted to heat. Standard 6: Interconnectedness 1: Through systems thinking, they recognize commonalities that exist and how parts of a system interrelate and combine to perform special functions 2: Models are simplified representations 5: Identifying patterns for change is necessary for making predictions about future behavior and conditions 6: In order to arrive at the best solution to meet criteria and constraints, trade-offs are often necessary Standard 7: Interdisciplinary Problem Solving 1: The knowledge and skills of mathematics, science, and technology are used together to make informed decisions and solve problems 2: Solving interdisciplinary problems involves a variety of skills and strategies such as effective work habits, gathering information, generating ideas, making connections, and presenting ideas 4

5 Table of Contents Investigation 1: Separating Mixtures Part Title Page 1 Making and Separating Mixtures 8 2 Separating a Salt Solution 15 3 Observing Crystals 24 4 Separating a Dry Mixture 29 5

6 What do you know about mixtures and solutions? I Think Now I Know 6

7 Part 1: Making and Separating Mixtures FOCUS QUESTION How can a mixture be separated? Filters: Screen: Paper: Prepare a filter by folding the round paper filter in quarters, opening it up to form a cone, and placing it in the funnel. 7

8 8

9 9

10 Part 1: Making and Separating Mixtures FOCUS QUESTION How can a mixture be separated? CLAIM EVIDENCE 10

11 dissolving - Part 1: Making and Separating Mixtures Word Bank mixture- property - solution - 11

12 Part 1: Making and Separating Mixtures Word Bank 12

13 Part 1: Making and Separating Mixtures Science Content/Inquiry 13

14 Part 2: Separating a Salt Solution Review: 1. What is a mixture? FOCUS QUESTION How can a solution be separated? 2. How can a mixture be separated? 3. Can you separate a solution with a screen? With a filter? 4. How might you separate the ingredients in a solution? 14

15 Part 2: Separating a Salt Solution Challenge: Will a solution made with 50 ml of water and a spoon of salt water have the same mass as 50 ml of plain water? More mass? Less mass? Why do you think so? How can you find out? 15

16 16

17 Part 2: Separating a Salt Solution FOCUS QUESTION How can a solution be separated? How can a solution be separated? CLAIM EVIDENCE 17

18 Part 2: Separating a Salt Solution Word Bank 18

19 Part 2: Separating a Salt Solution Science Content/Inquiry 19

20 20

21 21

22 22

23 Part 3: Observing Crystals FOCUS QUESTION What is the shape and pattern of a salt crystal? Crystal Observation: Draw a picture of the crystals in the dish and label the drawing: 23

24 Part 3: Observing Crystals Review: Describe how you would separate the following mixtures: Gravel and water Powder and water Salt and water 24

25 Part 3: Observing Crystals FOCUS QUESTION What is the shape and pattern of a salt crystal? CLAIM EVIDENCE 25

26 Part 3: Observing Crystals Word Bank crystal: evaporation: 26

27 Part 3: Observing Crystals Science Content/Inquiry 27

28 Part 4: Separating a Dry Mixture FOCUS QUESTION How can you separate a dry mixture of gravel, powder, and salt? Challenge: You will make a dry mixture of gravel, powder and salt. Your challenge is to design a method to separate this mixture of three solid materials so that the gravel ends up in cup G, the powder in a cup P, and the salt in cup S. 28

29 29

30 30

31 Investigation 1: Separating Mixtures Directions: Answer the big question below. Use evidence from the investigations to support your answer. BIG QUESTION How are mixtures and solutions similar and different and how can they be separated? 31

32 Investigation 1: Separating Mixtures BIG QUESTION How are mixtures and solutions similar and different and how can they be separated? 32

33 33