Mixtures and Solutions

Transcription

1 Grade 5 Physical Science Module Mixtures and Solutions In a code such as D.1, the 5 indicates the science standards, the 2 indicates the physical science standard within the set of science standards, the 8 indicates a fifth grade cumulative progress indicator, the D indicates a strand or theme within the science standards, and the 1 indicates the first of the fifth grade cumulative progress indicators within the D strand.

2 In completing the work in Investigation 1 of Mixtures and Solutions, students are expected to develop understandings and skills A mixture combines two or more materials that retain their own properties. A solution forms when a material dissolves in a liquid solvent and cannot be retrieved with a filter. Evaporation can separate a liquid from a solid in a solution. The solid material separated by evaporation from a solution forms distinctive patterns. Compare the properties of reactants with the properties of the products when two or more substances are combined and react chemically. (5.2.6.B.1) Many substances can be changed from one state to another by heating or cooling. (5.2.4.B.1) Measure solids and liquids to make mixtures and solutions. Observe the behavior of solid materials in water. Compare the weight of a mixture to the weight of its parts. Communicate observations. Use scientific facts, measurements, observations, and patterns in nature to build and critique scientific arguments. (5.1.4.A.3)

3 Page 2 Monitor and reflect on one s own knowledge regarding how ideas change over time. (5.1.4.C.1) Revise predictions or explanations on the basis of learning new information. (5.1.4.C.2) Present evidence to interpret and/or predict cause-and-effect outcomes of investigations. (5.1.4.C.3) Actively participate in discussions about student data, questions, and understandings. (5.1.4.D.1) Work collaboratively to pose, refine, and evaluate questions, investigations, models, and theories. (5.1.4.D.2) Demonstrate how to safely use tools, instruments, and supplies. (5.1.4.D.3) In completing the work in Investigation 2 of Mixtures and Solutions, students are expected to develop understandings and skills Solubility is the property that substances have of dissolving in solvents. Solubility is different for different materials and can change with temperature and different solvents. A solution is saturated when as much solid material as possible has dissolved in the liquid. When equal volumes of two solutions made from the same ingredients are compared, the heavier one is the more concentrated solution. Objects and substances have properties, such as weight and volume, that can be measured using appropriate tools. (5.2.4.A.3) Determine the identity of an unknown substance using data about intrinsic properties. (5.2.6.A.3) Observe the behavior of a saturated solution. Compare the quantities of two solid materials required to saturate a volume of water. Relate the added weight of the solution to the dissolved material in the saturated solution.

4 Page 3 Compare the solubility of materials in water. Communicate observations. Determine the weight and volume of common objects using appropriate tools. (5.2.4.A.3) Formulate explanations from evidence. (5.1.4.B.3) Monitor and reflect on one s own knowledge regarding how ideas change over time. (5.1.4.C.1) Revise predictions or explanations on the basis of learning new information. (5.1.4.C.2) Present evidence to interpret and/or predict cause-and-effect outcomes of investigations. (5.1.4.C.3) Actively participate in discussions about student data, questions, and understandings. (5.1.4.D.1) Work collaboratively to pose, refine, and evaluate questions, investigations, models, and theories. (5.1.4.D.2) Demonstrate how to safely use tools, instruments, and supplies. (5.1.4.D.3) In completing the work in Investigation 3 of Mixtures and Solutions, students are expected to develop understandings and skills Concentration expresses a relationship between the amount of dissolved material and the volume of solvent. The more material dissolved in a liquid, the more concentrated the solution. A concentrated solution can be made more dilute by adding solvent to the solution.

5 Page 4 Determine the weight and volume of common objects using appropriate tools. (5.2.4.A.3) Pure substances have characteristic intrinsic properties, such as density, solubility, boiling point, and melting point, all of which are independent of the amount of the sample. (5.2.6.A.3) Measure volumes of solids and liquids to make solutions that differ either in amount of solid material or in amount of water. Relate the concentrations of a solution to the amount of solid material dissolved in a volume of water. Determine the relative concentrations of solutions. Formulate explanations from evidence. (5.1.4.B.3) In completing the work in Investigation 4 of Mixtures and Solutions, students are expected to develop understandings and skills When a change results from mixing two or more materials, that change is a chemical reaction. A reaction results in new materials. Formation of a gas is one change that occurs in some reactions. Formation of a precipitate occurs in some chemical reactions. Not all chemicals react when they are mixed.

6 Page 5 Many substances can be changed from one state to another by heating or cooling. (5.2.4.B.1) Compare the properties of reactants with the properties of the products when two or more substances are combined and react chemically. (5.2.6.B.1) Measure solids and liquids while conducting chemical reactions. Compare properties of precipitates to determine their identities. Determine all possible pairs of reactants involving a set of three chemicals. Formulate explanations from evidence. (5.1.4.B.3) Monitor and reflect on one s own knowledge regarding how ideas change over time. (5.1.4.C.1) Revise predictions or explanations on the basis of learning new information. (5.1.4.C.2) Present evidence to interpret and/or predict cause-and-effect outcomes of investigations. (5.1.4.C.3) Actively participate in discussions about student data, questions, and understandings. (5.1.4.D.1) Work collaboratively to pose, refine, and evaluate questions, investigations, models, and theories. (5.1.4.D.2) Demonstrate how to safely use tools, instruments, and supplies. (5.1.4.D.3)