Advanced Placement Chemistry Granbury High School

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1 Advanced Placement Chemistry 0-4 Granbury High School Instructor and Contact Information Cindy Jackson School phone: Science office: Course Description The AP Chemistry course at Granbury High school is designed to be the equivalent of the first year of college general chemistry. For most students, the course enables them to undertake, as a freshman, second year work in the chemistry sequence at their institution or to register in courses in other fields where general chemistry is a prerequisite. This course is structured around the six big ideas articulated in the AP Chemistry curriculum framework provided by the College Board. A special emphasis will be placed on the seven science practices, which capture important aspects of the work in which scientists engage, with learning objectives that combine content with inquiry and reasoning skills. AP chemistry is open to all students that have completed a year of chemistry who wish to take part in a rigorous and academically challenging course. Textbook and Other Course Material Zumdahl, Steven and Susan Zumdahl. Chemistry, Ninth Edition. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 04. Vonderbrink, Sally Ann. Laboratory Experiments for Advanced Placement Chemistry, Second Edition. Batavia: Flinn Scientific, Inc., 006 Abraham, Michael, John Gelder and Thomas Greenbowe. General Chemistry: During Class Inventions & Computer Lab Activities Volumes I & II, Third Edition. Plymouth: Hayden-McNeil, 009. apchemsolution.com, 0 Units Leading up to the AP Exam Chapter in Chemistry by Zumdahl, 9 th ed.. Chemical Foundations &, &. Stoichiometry &. Aqueous Solutions & Chemical Reactions 4, & 4. Gases,, &. Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics 6 & 7, & 6. Atomic Structure & Periodicity 7, 0. &. 7. Chemical Bonding 8 & 9, & 8. Liquids, Solids, and Solutions 0,,. &.6,, & 6 9. Kinetics, 9. & General & Solubility Equilibria, 6 & 7.8, & 6. Acids & Bases 4, & 6. Applications in Aqueous Equilibria & 6., & 6. Electrochemistry 8,, & 6

2 Requirements and Expectations Students are expected to be in class on time with the required materials. The AP Chemistry class meets five 4-minute periods each week. To be successful in this class, it will be necessary for students to study and practice problems in chemistry outside of class, at the very least, one hour per day. Homework assignments will be assigned to provide students with opportunities for study and practice. Mastery of process skills and concepts will be assessed based on performance on quizzes and tests. The AP chemistry student is expected to seek help outside of class if he/she is struggling with a particular concept or problem-solving process. I will be available before and after school if a student needs help or needs a quiet place to work. I have an open-door policy to all my students, so it is advised NOT to wait until the day an assignment is due or the day before a test to get help. Labs In each laboratory experiment, students will physically manipulate equipment and materials, make observations, collect and analyze quantitative and qualitative data, use the data to form conclusions and verify hypotheses. Also, students will communicate and compare lab results and procedures through collaboration, presentations, and formal written reports. Students will be expected to keep a formal laboratory notebook. Each student will be provided with a carbonless-copy lab notebook. The lab experiments will come from sources equivalent to labs encountered in a firstyear college chemistry course. A minimum of % of class time will be devoted to doing hands-on laboratory activities; however, students will be required to spend time outside of class time in the lab completing practical portions of labs and data collection in many cases. Grading Guidelines Minor Grades Homework and Daily work Some homework and daily work is self-checked and count as a minor grade. It is expected to be on time, and any late work will only be granted half credit. Laboratory grade Labs will be graded with each lab and count as two minor grades or one major grade. Lab work is assessed in many ways, such as formal/informal lab reports and class presentations of data and results. Any late reports will be docked 0 points per day late. Quizzes Quizzes count as a minor grade, and are designed for students to spot areas that need special attention before a major exam. Major Grades Tests Major tests will count as a major grade. The tests will follow the AP exam format, will be timed and questions will come from previously released AP exams. Generally, students can expect an exam - times per six-weeks depending on material being covered. Projects Projects may count as two minor grades or one major grade depending on the nature of the project. Test and quiz corrections are encouraged for all students, but are required for any student making a failing grade on an exam. Points will be awarded on the test grade for corrections completed correctly.

3 AP Chemistry Unit Overview Unit : Chemistry Fundamentals Week AP Chemistry Curriculum. Chemical Foundations. Atoms, Molecules and Ions. Scientific Method. Structure of Matter. Measurement and Uncertainty 4. Dimensional Analysis. Basic Atomic Structure 6. Chemical Nomenclature. During Class Inventions: Classification of Matter Students will identify particulate models of matter as solid, liquid, or gas, as well as classify the matter as an element, compound or mixture. LO.,.. Math and Measurement in Science Lab. Chemical and Physical Changes Lab A B D E E A A C B C ,..7.7.,.6.0 Unit : Stoichiometry Weeks & AP Chemistry Curriculum. Stoichiometry. Average atomic mass calculations Computer Lab Activity: Mass & Particle Relationships - Students will review the A A.,.. Mass Spectometry law of conservation of mass by observing A.4. Mole Concept particulate animations of reactions and D.4 4. Percent Composition establishing formula and mathematical E.7. Empirical & Molecular equations for several reactions. E.8,.9 Formulas LO:.8,.4,. 6. Writing & Balancing A.,.,.4 Chemical Equations Green Chemistry: Analysis of a Mixture B. 7. Stoichiometric Lab.6 calculations Limiting Reagent & Percent Yield 8. Combustion Analysis Unit : Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Reactions Weeks 4 & AP Chemistry Curriculum 4. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solutions Stoichiometry. Properties of water. Electrolytes & nonelectrolytes. Composition of solutions Types of Reactions 4. Precipitation reactions. acid-base reactions 6. Redox reactions 7. Reactions in aq solutions & net ionic equations 8. stoic of precip reactions Demo activity Students will observe demos of precip and SR reactions, write net ionic equations, and draw particulate diagrams to represent these processes. LO.8 Gravimetric Analysis of Calcium & Hard Water Lab A E E A B B D A A B B C D.4.7.8,.9.8,.9.4.,..,.4.8.0

4 Unit 4: Gases Weeks 6 & 7 AP Chemistry Curriculum Computer Lab Activity - Students will observe computer simulation to investigate the effects of changes in Pressure, Temperature, and Volume on a gas sample. LO:.4,.,.6. Gases. Measurement of gases. General Gas Laws Boyle, Charles, Combined, & Ideal. Dalton s law of partial pressure 4. Molar volume of gases & stoichiometry. Graham s Law 6. Kinetic Molecular Theory 7. Real Gases & deviation from the Ideal Gas Law Determination of the Molar Mass of Volatile Liquids Lab A A A B B A A..4.4,.,.6...,.4. Unit : Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics Weeks 8 & 9 AP Chemistry Curriculum 6. Thermochemistry Computer Lab Activity: Heats of Solution Students will generate a 7. Spontaneity, mathematical equation and Entropy, & Free graphical representation of the Energy energy transfer in the dissolution of different ionic compounds using a computer simulated experiment. LO:.6,. Appendix 7.: Thermal Equilibrium, KTM, & the process of Heat Appendix 7. Nonspontaneous Reactions. Law of Conservation of Energy, work, & internal energy. Endothermic & exothermic reactions. Potential energy diagrams 4. Calorimetry, heat capacity, & specific heat. Hess s Law 6. Heat of Formation/Combustion 7. Bond Energies 8. Laws of Thermodynamics 9. Spontaneous process & entropy 0. Spontaneity, Enthalpy, & Free Energy. Free Energy. Rate & Spontaneity Designing a Hand Warmer Lab B C A A B B B B4 C E E E E4 E.., ,..7.8 Unit 6: Atomic Structure & Periodicity Weeks 0 & AP Chemistry Curriculum 7. Atomic Structure & Periodicity 0. Representative Elements: A survey. Transition Metals: A survey Appendix : Spectral Analysis. Electron Configuration & Aufbau Principle. Valence Electons & Lewis Dot Structures. Periodic Trends 4. Table arrangement based on electronic properties. Properties of light and waves 6. Atomic spectra of light & energy levels 7. Quantum mechanical model 8. Quantum theory & orbitals 9. Orbital shape & energy 0. Spectroscopy Computer Based Activity Shells and Subshells Activity: Students will investigate PES through an inquiry activity to learn how to interpret PES graphs as evidence of electron arrangement and ionization energy. LO:.7 Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Cobalt (II) Ion Lab B B C C D D.,.6.7.9,.0...,.6

5 Unit 7: Chemical Bonding Weeks & AP Chemistry Curriculum 8. Bonding: General Concepts.6.7,.8 9. Covalent Bonding: Orbitals. Lewis Dot Structures. Resonance Structures. Bond Polarity & Dipole Moments 4. VSEPR model & Molecular shapes. Molecular Polarity 6. Lattice Energies 7. Hybridization 8. Molecular Orbitals & Diagrams Molecular Model Activity Students will use molecular model sets, as well as molecular modeling computer sites, to visualize -D molecular Shapes. LO:. B B C D C C C4 D C C..,.7,.8..,.4..8 Unit 8: Liquids, Solids, & Solutions Weeks 4,, & 6 (Sem Final) AP Chemistry Curriculum 0. Liquids & Solids. Structure & Bonding Kool Aid Chromatography Lab C a. Metals, network, & A. Properties of molecular Activity: Based on the Kool Aid A Solutions b. Ionic, hydrogen, Chromatography Lab, students write an London, Van der analysis on the GRAS (generally B. Polymers Waals regarded as safe) requirements, the use B. Vapor pressure and of, the chemical structure of, and B.6 Natural Polymers changes in state problems associated with certain food C. Heating & Cooling dyes. C Appendix 7. - Curves Qualitative Analysis and Chemical D Thermal Equilibrium, 4. Composition of Bonding Lab KTM, & the process of solutions D Heat. Colloids & Suspensions 6. Effect on biological systems Appendix IMF & Thermodynamics: Why Aren t All Ionic Solids Soluble in Water? Semester final exam review & Final Exam Activity: Students examine a demonstration size model of DNA and identify which atoms/base pairs are involved in hydrogen bonding within the molecule, causing the helical structure. Students then discuss how increased UV light due to ozone depletion can cause chemical reactions resulting in mutations and disruption of hydrogen bonding. 6 D D4 B D D D 6A 6C.,..7,.8,.9,.0..,.4., ,.,.4.,.6,.7,.8.9,.0.,..,

6 Unit 9: Kinetics Weeks 7 & 8 AP Chemistry Curriculum. Chemical Kinetics. Rates of Reaction Computer Lab Activity: Students will 4 4A Kinetics of Radioactive Decay. Factors that affect rates of reaction/collision theory observe particulate simulations to investigate rate laws and the elementary steps of a mechanism and 4A 4A 4B Reaction pathways how it relates to reaction rate and 4B Detection & Uses of Radioactivity 4. Rate equation determination collision theory LO 4., 4.4, 4., 4.8 4B 4C a. Rate constants 4C 4.7 Appendix 7.8: b. Mechanisms Factors Affecting Reaction Rates Lab 4C 4.7 Mechanisms with Fast Forward and Reverse c. Method of initial rates 4D 4D Steps d. Integrated rate laws. Activation Energy & Appendix 7.9: Acid Boltzman distribution Catalysis Unit 0: General & Solubility Equilibria Weeks 9, 0, & AP Chemistry Curriculum. Chemical Equilibrium 6. Solubility & Complex ion equilibria 7.8 Free Energy & Equilibrium Appendix 7.7 IMF & Thermodynamics: Why aren t allionic Solids Soluble in Water? Appendix 7. Nonspontaneous Reactions. Characteristics & Conditions of Chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium Expression derived from rates. Factors that affect equilibrium 4. Le Chatelier s Principle. Solubility equilibria & Ksp 6. Precipitation & Qualitative Analysis 7. Free Energy & Equilibrium Computer Lab Activity: Students will use a computer particulate simulation to investigate the effects of changes in concentration, pressure, and temperature on equilibrium position. LO 6.8 The Determination of K eq for FeSCN + Lab Determination of the Solubility Product of a Compound Lab 6 A E 6A 6A 6A 6A4 6B 6B 6C 6D , 6.4, 6., , , 6., 6., Unit : Acids & Bases Weeks & AP Chemistry Curriculum 4. Acids & Bases. Definition & nature of acids & Bases Computer Lab Activity: Students will investigate acid/base systems by B B.,..7. Acid strength observing computer particulate 6 6A 6.. Kw and the ph scale simulations. 6C 6., 6., 4. ph of strong and weak acids and bases LO 6., 6.6, , 6., 6.6. polyprotic acids Determination of Ka of Weak Acids Lab 6. Acid-Base properties of salts

7 Unit : Aqueous Equilibria applications Weeks 4,, & 6 AP Chemistry Curriculum. Acid-Base Equilibria Acid-Base Titrations Lab 6. Equilibria Involving Complex Ions Appendix 7.0 Polyprotic Acid Titrations. Common Ion effect. Buffered solutions. Buffering capacity 4. Titrations & ph curves. Acid-Base indicators 6. Complex Ion Equilibria Properties of Buffer Solutions Lab 6 E A 6A 6C 6C.0., , 6., 6., 6.6, , 6.9, 6.0 Unit : Electrochemistry Weeks 7, 8, & 9 AP Chemistry Curriculum 8. Electrochemistry. Balancing redox equations Computer Lab Activity: Students will use a computer simulation and E A.0.. Galvanic cells worksheet to perform calculations and B.8,.9. Standard Reduction Potentials predictions on voltaic cells and electrolytic cells. LO. C E4.,.. 4. Free energy & cell potential Redox Titration: Analysis of a 6 6A 6.. Cell Potential & Concentration Commercial Bleach Lab 6. Batteries Electrochemical Cells Lab 7. Electrolysis AP Chemistry Test Review Weeks 0,, Review of all Topics Released AP Exam Questions Both FR and MC Mock AP Exam Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions & Writing Chemical Equations Lab Exam Date: Monday, May, 04 (Week ) AP Chemistry Curriculum EK 4 6 LO After the AP Exam Weeks, 4,, & 6 AP Chemistry Curriculum Green Crystal Lab A A B B D.

8 Lab Investigation Sequence Unit : Math and Measurement in Science and density of an unknown liquid and an unknown solid Students will measure mass and volume with different pieces of equipment and focus on the accuracy of those pieces of equipment in their calculations and determination of significant figures. Students will also identify an unknown liquid and unknown solid based on density determination. LO.; SP,, 6 Guided Inquiry Lab-Physical and Chemical Changes (Carolina TM Investigations for AP Chemistry) Students observe chemical and physical changes, develop their own set of characteristics for each type of change, and then apply their rules to classify 0 additional unclassified processes. The inquiry activity also provides an opportunity for students to present their experimental design and results, reinforcing the practice of communicating findings. LO. SP, 4,, 6 Unit : Guided Inquiry Lab Green Chemistry: Analysis of a Mixture (Flinn Advanced Inquiry Laboratory Kits for AP* Chemistry: Investigation #7) Students design and carry out an experiment to quantitatively measure the weight percent of solid mixtures containing either sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate. Students assess their procedures in terms of the green chemistry principles. LO.,.6 SP, 4,, 6 Unit : Guided Inquiry Lab- Gravimetric Analysis of Calcium and Hard Water (Flinn Advanced Inquiry Laboratory Kits for AP* Chemistry: Investigation #) Students will investigate the suitability of gravimetric analysis for determining the amount of water hardness in the form of calcium carbonate, CaCO, in various water samples. Six samples, representing a wide range of potential water hardness, from 0 ppm to 00 ppm, will be analyzed by various student groups as part of a cooperative class investigation to determine the accuracy and sensitivity of gravimetric analysis for water hardness testing. LO.9 SP 4, Unit 4: Determination of the Molar Mass of Volatile Liquids (Vonderbrink) Students will calculate the molar masses of acetone, ethanol, and isopropanol based on measurements of vapor density and application of the ideal gas law. LO:.4,.6 SP, 7 Unit : Guided Inquiry Lab Designing a Hand Warmer (Flinn Advanced Inquiry Laboratory Kits for AP* Chemistry: Investigation #) Students investigate the energy changes accompanying the formations of solutions for common laboratory salts, and then apply the results to design a hand warmer that is reliable, safe, nontoxic, and inexpensive. The students begin by familiarizing themselves with the principles of calorimetry and heat of solution calculations. Students are given a series of solids, along with their costs and individual Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). The challenge is to determine the heat of solution for each solid and analyze the cost and safety information to propose a design for the best, all-around hand warmer. LO.7 SP 4, Unit 6: Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Cobalt (II) Ion (AP Chem Solutions) Student will use spectrophotometric data to determine the concentration of the Co + ion in two solutions. LO.6 SP 4, Unit 7: Molecular Model Lab Students will use molecular model sets, as well as molecular modeling computer sites, to visualize -D molecular Shapes. LO. SP

9 Unit 8: Liquid Chromatography - (Vonderbrink) Students will use liquid chromatography to separate the components of unsweetened grape-flavored powdered drink mix. LO.0 SP 4,, 6 Guided Inquiry Lab-Qualitative Analysis and Chemical Bonding (Flinn Advanced Inquiry Laboratory Kits for AP* Chemistry: Investigation #6) Students will design a procedure to identify twelve unknown solids based on systematic testing of their physical and chemical properties. The lab begins with an introductory activity to select measurable properties that will help identify the type of bonding in a solid. Given four solids representing the four types of chemical bonds ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, and metallic students review the properties of each solid with a minimum of four tests. The results provide a basis for a guided-inquiry design of a flow chart procedure that uses physical and chemical property tests to separate and identify twelve unknown solids. LO. SP 4, 6 Unit 9: Guided Inquiry Lab- Factors Affecting Reaction Rates (Carolina TM Investigations for AP Chemistry) Students design an experiment to determine the effect of changing temperature, concentration, surface area of solid reactants, and the presence of a catalyst on the rate of the iodine clock reaction. LO 4. SP 4, Unit 0: The Determination of K eq for FeSCN + -(Vonderbrink) Students will investigate a reaction involving iron (III) ions with thiocyanate ions under varying conditions to determine if the equilibrium constant remains at the same numerical value. LO.6, 6.0 SP, 7 Unit : Determination of Ka of Weak Acids - (Vonderbrink) Students will determine the pka values for the ionization of two unknown weak acids by conducting halfneutralization reactions. LO.,.7 SP, Unit : Acid-Base Titrations (Vonderbrink) Students will standardize a sodium hydroxide solution and use the standard solution to determine the equivalent mass and Ka of an unknown acid through a series of titrations. LO.0, 6., 6. SP, 4,, 6 Guided Inquiry Lab- Properties of Buffer Solutions (Flinn Advanced Inquiry Laboratory Kits for AP* Chemistry: Investigation #6) Students begin the investigation with an introductory activity to explore the composition and ph of ideal buffers and compare their ph changes when a strong acid and base are added. Understanding the properties of buffers prepares students for the guided-inquiry challenge to design a buffer that will provide effective protection at a specific ph and that will have the capacity to maintain the ph within a narrow range when prescribed amounts of acid and base are added. LO 6.8 SP, 4, 6 Unit : Redox Titration: Analysis of a Commercial Bleach - (Vonderbrink) Bleach is diluted and titrated with sodium thiosulfate to determine the % NaOCl. The end point is indicated by the decolorization of an iodine starch complex. LO.0,.9 SP 4, Electrochemical Cells (Vonderbrink) Students will prepare small-scale voltaic cells with various metals and measure their standard cell potential, then construct a standard table listing the reduction potentials of the series of metals in order of ease od reduction. LO.,. SP,, 6

10 Review for the AP Exam: Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions & Writing Chemical Equations (Vonderbrink)- Students will carry out a number of chemical reactions, describe the reactants, predict products, and describe what actually occurs. Students will write net ionic equations for each reaction. LO.7,.,.,.8 SP, 6, 7 After the Test: Green Crystal Lab Students will complete a series of labs over a 4-week period. The goal of the lab series is ultimately to determine the empirical formula of an iron oxaloto complex salt. This lab series includes the following experiments:. Synthesis of the Crystal. Determination of the % of water in the hydrated crystal. Standardization of KMnO 4 by Redox Titration 4. Determination of the % Oxalate in Crystal by Redox Titration. Standardization of NaOH by acid/base Titration 6. Determination of % of K + and Fe + by Ion Exchange Chromatography and a Double Equivalence Point Titration LO.,.7,.0,.7,.8,.9,. SP,, 6