Worksheet 14 - Hybridization

Transcription

1 Workheet 4 - ybridization When atom bond to form molecule, they ue molecular orbital. Thee are formed through the of the atomic orbital that we have already dicued,,, and d orbital. The hybridized molecular orbital have different hae and level than the atomic orbital. The number of molecular orbital created by deend on the number of atomic orbital that are mixed to form them. In forming hybridized orbital, four atomic orbital are mixed, one and three. The diagram for thi roce i hown below. The hybridized orbital are higher in than the orbital, but lower in than the orbital. atomic orbital hybridized orbital arbon ha 4 valence electron. Add thee electron to the atomic and molecular orbital. Thi give tetrahedral geometry. With thi, will form four equivalent σ bond. Draw a imilar diagram for hybridized oxygen. ow many σ bond will be formed? ow are the other orbital ued? Do the ame for hybridized nitrogen.

2 In ome Lewi tructure, there are only three equivalent bond formed. To create three equivalent hybridized orbital, mix three atomic orbital. Draw and name the orbital formed in thi, then add the electron for ulfur. Since the hybridized orbital are cloe in, every orbital i filled with one electron before electron are aired. The hybridized orbital will form σ bond(). The unhybridized orbital will form π bond(). There will be lone air(). Thi give trigonal lanar geometry. In linear molecule, like, the central atom ha only two equivalent bonding orbital. Draw the level and name the orbital formed in thi. Fill in the electron for carbon and determine the number and tyed of bond formed. In, determine the of the oxygen atom. omlete the diagram for the oxygen. Draw the tructure of.

3 In atom with n= or larger, the d orbital can alo be hybridized. In molecule with five molecular orbital, five atomic orbital are mixed: Thi will give trigonal biyramidal geometry and i called d. Finally, molecule with octahedral geometry, will have molecular orbital. Thi i called. Shown below i a ortion of the chart from Workheet. Fill in the for each of the comound. comound bond lone air geometry hae SF octahedral octahedral tetrahedral trigonal yramidal Il 4-4 octahedral quare lanar F tetrahedral tetrahedral S 0 trigonal lanar SF 4 4 trigonal biyramidal trigonal lanar eeaw 0 linear linear tetrahedral V-haed - trigonal lanar V-haed

4 Fill in the chart below and then comlete the Lewi tructure for the molecule hown below and fill in thoe chart. element Lewi ymbol # bond # lone air alogen acetic acid σ bond π bond bond angle acrylonitrile σ bond π bond bond angle σ bond π bond bond angle caffeine

5 The molecule hown to the left i riboflavin (vitamin B). Anwer the following quetion about it tructure. a) how many carbon are hybridized? hybridized? hybridized? b) ow many nitrogen are hybridized? hybridized? hybridized? c) ow many oxygen are hybridized? hybridized? hybridized? d) ow many σ bond are there in total? e) ow many π bond are there in total? f) Which of the three ring are lanar? The acetate ion, -, ha both oxygen bonded to the ame carbon. a) Draw the Lewi tructure and all reonance form. b) Label the around each carbon. c) Pick one reonance tructure and label the of each oxygen. d) ow many σ and π bond are reent? e) Which atom carrie the formal negative charge?