Theoretical basics and modern status of radioactivity studies

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1 Leonid Grigorenko Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna, Russia Theoretical basics and modern status of radioactivity studies Lecture 1: JINR, Dubna, Russia

JINR foundation - 1956 Three years after Stalin

countries Atom is not a soldier atom is worker!

understood specifically Dubna synchrotron 1957

soft focusing scheme, monstrous magnets Their

2 JINR foundation Three years after Stalin death Two years after CERN foundation 11 Member countries Atom is not a soldier atom is worker! USSR on the way to more openness However, understood specifically Dubna synchrotron GeV protons Last and largest accelerator in soft focusing scheme, monstrous magnets Their iron yokes are now used as radiation shield for NICA booster

JINR location Close to Moscow (100 km) and

the city is encircled by 3 rivers: Volga,

3 JINR location Close to Moscow (100 km) and easy to control poorly populated region with swamps, forests and rivers surrounding the site Dubna island the institute part of the city is encircled by 3 rivers: Volga, Dubna and Volga-Moscow channel Moscow district

4 Dubna science Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Two main sites of JINR: low-energy and high-energy Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Laboratory of Information Technologies Laboratory of Radiation Biology Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Dubna University

5 Dubna city Rainbow plant Kamov helicopter plant Reindustrialization of Russia Two Free economical areas Beta film irradiation facility

6 Cold sterilization Sterilization without thermal processing, e.g. by gas, x-rays, UV light, electron beam Flerov lab is among world leaders Mass production at Beta facility One type of CS is very special. The only applicable in faint applications like molecular microbiology, etc.: nuclearpore membrane sterilization Pores from 10 to 0.01 mm Even virus can not get through! Production: - Heavy ion irradiation - Chemical track etching

7 Volga-Moscow channel near Dmitrov the limiting point of fascist army advance to Moscow in winter Some history IL-2 ground attack plane First breeds of 1941 no rear machine-gunner Excavated from swamp 7 years ago Dubna Dmitrov Moscow

8 Some views Ivankovskoe water reservoir near Dubna in winter

9 Some views Volga river gateway: here is Lenin, Stalin has left us

10 Some views Bogolyubov, Flerov, Kurchatov, and Visotskiy

11 Some views pigeon monument

12 Some views Dubna day in the middle of summer Fireworks on the north side of Volga river Competitions of fire + music shows

13 High-energy cite of JINR NICA project

14 High-energy cite of JINR NICA project in construction

Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) physics The map of nuclides - 254 stable nuclides, - 339 can be found in nature - Around 3100 RI are known -

for Z<32 Limits of nuclear structure existence: Are known only for the lightest nuclei Neutron dripline: Achieved and studied for N<20

15 Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) physics The map of nuclides stable nuclides, can be found in nature - Around 3100 RI are known - Around 2500 to be discovered Isle of stability for superheavies: We just touched a bit of its shore Proton dripline: Achieved and studied for Z<32 Limits of nuclear structure existence: Are known only for the lightest nuclei Neutron dripline: Achieved and studied for N<20 Exotic structure of exotic nuclides: - Neutron/proton halo - Neutron skin - Soft excitation modes - Breakdown of shell structure - New magic numbers

Every day observed violent events in space are produced by rp-processes Element abundance in

16 Motivation Applications to nucleosynthesys s-process rp-process fragment rp-process r-process Hydrostatic burning slow process Explosive burning rapid processes Where does it take place? Every day observed violent events in space are produced by rp-processes Element abundance in space is connected with r-processes No quantitative understanding until the driplines are studied in details

Motivation Applications to neutron stars PV = (m/m) RT

Known nuclei: practically symmetric nuclear matter All the

Neutron star: very large nucleus with absolutely asymmetric

17 Motivation Applications to neutron stars PV = (m/m) RT Equation of state for ideal gas. What about nuclear matter? Known nuclei: practically symmetric nuclear matter All the heavy elements in the Universe are produced in explosive nucleosynthesys Supernovae explosions. How we get from neutron star to Supernova? Neutron star: very large nucleus with absolutely asymmetric nuclear matter Moving towards the driplines we get experimental knowledge about more and more asymmetric nuclear matter

What we already have at Flerov lab Elements 102-108 and 113-118 were synthesized at FLNR JINR Ускоритель У-400 Superheavy isle of stability discovered New elements 114 Fl Flerovium 116 Lv Livermorium

18 What we already have at Flerov lab Elements and were synthesized at FLNR JINR Ускоритель У-400 Superheavy isle of stability discovered New elements 114 Fl Flerovium 116 Lv Livermorium 113 Nh Nihonium 115 Mc Moscovium 117 Ts Tennessine 118 Og Oganesson recognized recently Fragment-separator ACCULINNA: Studies of the light RIBs Ускоритель У-400М The only facility for RIB studies in Russia, CIS, and Easten Europe

19 7-year planning prospects Factory of superheavy elements Stage: mounting of equipment Investment: ~55 M Near future??? Long-time prospects Near future Facility based on ACCULINNA-2 fragment-separator Stage: first experiments in the fall of 2017 Investment: ~10 M

20 New facilities at FLNR: factory of superheavies DC-280 cyclotron specifically adopted for superheavy elements synthesis Building of Factory of superheavy elements

21 New facilities at FLNR: superlights ACCULINNA-2 fragment-separator ACCULINNA-2 and zero-angle spectrometer delivered by SigmaPhi French ion optics solutions provider U-400M cyclotron Zero-angle spectrometer in the low-background experimental hall

22 Big, bigger, the biggest SPIRAL 2 Huge increase in the scale of modern and prospective RIB facilities: Price tag 1-2 G FAIR FRIB U400M hall RIBF Is it possible to have world competitive RIB program with modest investment scale?

Empty ecological niche Underdeveloped field: storage ring physics with RIBs Empty field: studies of RIBs in electron-rib collider Isochronous mass spectromentry Precision reaction studies on internal

23 Empty ecological niche Underdeveloped field: storage ring physics with RIBs Empty field: studies of RIBs in electron-rib collider Isochronous mass spectromentry Precision reaction studies on internal gas jet target RIB storage ring Studies of electromagnetic formfactors of exotic nuclei in e-rib collider electron storage ring Atomic physics studies with striped ions Radioactivity studies with striped ions Etc.

Electron scattering After masses, the radial properties are the most important characteristics of nuclei First Born approximation, fast electrons, relatively light nuclei электроны, достаточно легкие

24 Electron scattering After masses, the radial properties are the most important characteristics of nuclei First Born approximation, fast electrons, relatively light nuclei электроны, достаточно легкие ядра Robert Hofstadter , 1961 Nobel Prize "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his consequent discoveries concerning the structure of nucleons.." Electromagnetic probe is the most reliably studied - Electron scattering Charge formfactor, charge radius - Experiments in traps static EM characteristics -> derivation of r ch - Electron scattering differenttial characteristics

25 Не в масштабе Why it has happened this way? HIAF A lot of ring projects serious interest to the topic All the ring projects with e-collider abilities were cancelled or indefinitely postponed

FLNR prehistory. К4-К10. Yu.Ts. Oganessian et. al., Z.

ring (field 10 Tm) - Superhigh resolution spectrometer

26 FLNR prehistory. К4-К10. Yu.Ts. Oganessian et. al., Z. Phys. A341 (1992) 217 К4 U-400M primary beam - Storage - Cooling - Bunching - Acceleration K4 ring (field 4 Tm) Separation channel (fragment separator) К10 K10 ring (field 10 Tm) - Superhigh resolution spectrometer - Inner gas jet target reactions Electron radioactive ion collider

27 DERICA stages 0-1 Continuity of scientific program Minimization of technological risks

28 DERICA stages 2-4 New experimental opportunities on each stage Spacious cite for development Good upgrade prospects

Advantages of the proposed facility Staged development - Continuity and flexibility of the research program - Low technological risks - Highly upgradable

) - e-rib collider experiment Unusual facility layout Ordinary approach 1: ISOL RIB production + reaccelerated RIBs up to 10 AMeV Ordinary approach 2:

29 Advantages of the proposed facility Staged development - Continuity and flexibility of the research program - Low technological risks - Highly upgradable facility design Unique opportunities - World most intense RIBs with intermediate energy (20-70 AMeV) for reaction studies - Neutron target (?) - e-rib collider experiment Unusual facility layout Ordinary approach 1: ISOL RIB production + reaccelerated RIBs up to 10 AMeV Ordinary approach 2: In-flight RIB production + RIB cooling in intermediate storage ring DERICA approach: In-flight RIB production + RIB cooling in gas cell + reaccelerated RIBs up to 300 AMeV

30 Activities for young researches at Dubna 20 event only this summer Nowadays well sponsored for young researches - Summer Student Programme at JINR UC, JINR 01 June - 30 September th Conference-School of Young Scientific and Specialists of JINR Alushta-2017 Resort Hotel «Dubna», Alushta, Crimea June 2017 Training Program for Specialists from JINR Member States Visit Centre, JINR June JINR School for Teachers of Physics from JINR Member States UC, JINR 25 June - 01 July Third International Summer School and Workshop on Complex and Magnetic Soft Matter Systems: Physico-mechanical properties and structure FLNP, JINR June Second stage of the International Student Practice UC, JINR July International Conference «Mathematical Modeling and Computational Physics» (MMCP2017) LIT, JINR July rd Summer School «Sociocultural Morphology of a Small Town: authors, practices, institutions (Dubna)» JINR Public Library July Helmholtz International Summer School «Nuclear Theory and Astrophysical Applications» BLTP, JINR July Mini-Workshop on Lattice and Functional Techniques for Exploration of Phase Structure and Transport Properties in Quantum Chromodynamics BLTP, JINR July th international scientific Baikal Summer School on Physics of Elementary Particles and Astrophysics Bolshie Koty, Irkutsk region, Russia July st Summer School for Young Scientific and Specialists, Lipnya-2017 Tourist Base "Lipnya", Dubna July th APCTP-BLTP JINR-PNP NRC KI-SbSU Joint Workshop «Modern Problems in Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics». St. Petersburg, Russia July International Conference «Classical and Quantum Integrable Systems» (CQIS-2017) BLTP, JINR July International Workshop «Supersymmetries and Quantum Symmetries» (SQS 2017) BLTP, JINR 31 July - 05 August th Interregional Computer School RH Ratmino, Dubna August International School «Advanced Methods of Modern Theoretical Physics: Integrable and Stochastic Systems» ICH, Dubna August Helmholtz International Summer School «Lattice QCD, Hadron Stucture and Hadronic Matter» BLTP, JINR 20 August - 02 September th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics MSU, Moscow, Russia August th International Scientific Workshop in Memory of Professor V.P.Sarantsev «Problems of Colliders and Charged Particle Accelerators» Alushta, Crimea September 2017

Conducted every 2 years in famous or unusual palaces in Russia

31 EXON Conference EXOtic Nuclei Exotic places in Russia Kizi muzeum of northen- Russia wooden architecture not far from Petrozavodsk Conducted every 2 years in famous or unusual palaces in Russia Petrozavodsk 2018 Khanti-Mansiysk 2010 Kaliningrad 2014 Kazan 2016 Vladivostok 2012

32 Welcome to Dubna!

THE ACCULINNA AND ACCULINNA-2 RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM FACILITY AT DUBNA: STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES

THE ACCULINNA AND ACCULINNA-2 RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM FACILITY AT DUBNA: STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES Grzegorz Kamiński for the ACCULINNA group FLNR, JINR, DUBNA International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC2016)