Summer Student Lectures. Oliver Brüning SL/AP. ttp://bruening.home.cern.ch/bruening/summer school/lecture1
|
|
- Gary Craig
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Accelerators Summer Student Lectures 2002 Oliver Brüning SL/AP ttp://bruening.home.cern.ch/bruening/summer school/lecture1
2 Particle Accelerators Physics of Accelerators: High power RF waves Cryogenics Super conductivity Magnet design construction Vacuum surface science, solid state physics, electro dynamics, engeneering, computer science Physics of Particle Beams: Single particle dynamics Collective effects Two beam effects classical and quantum mechanics, nonlinear dynamics, relativity, electro dynamics, computer science
3 Overview I ) Particle Acceleration II ) Storage Rings Trajectories III) IV) Orbit Stability Long Term Stability Synchrotron Radiation Collective Effects V) LEP,LHC more
4 Overview and History: S. Weinberg, The Discovery of Subatomic Particles, Scientific American Library, (ISBN or [pbk]) ( WEI) C. Pellegrini, The Development of Colliders, AIP Press, (ISBN ) (93: PEL) P. Waloschek, The Infancy of Particle Accelerators, DESY 94039, R. Carrigan and W.P. Trower, Particles and Forces At the Heart of the Matter, Readings from Scientific American, W.H. Freeman and Company, Leon Lederman, The God Particle, Delta books 1994 Lillian Hoddeson (editor), The rise of the standard model: particle physics in the 1960s and 1970s, Cambridge University Press, 1997 S. Weinberg, Reflections on Big Science, MIT Press, 1967 (5(04) WEI) Introduction to Particle Accelerator Physics: Mario Conte and William McKay, An Introduction to the Physics of Particle Accelerators, Word Scientific, 1991 H.Wiedemann, Particle Accelerator Physics, Springer Verlag, CERN Accelerator School, General Accelerator Physics Course, CERN Report 8519, CERN Accelerator School, Second General Accelerator Physics Course, CERN Report 8710, CERN Accelerator School, Fourth General Accelerator Physics Course, CERN Report 9104, M. Sands, The Physics of Electron Storage Rings, SLAC121, E.D. Courant and H.S. Snyder, Theory of the AlternatingGradient Synchrotron, Annals of Physics 3, 148 (1958). CERN Accelerator School, RF Engeneering for Particle Accelerators, CERN Report 92 03, CERN Accelerator School, 50 Years of Synchrotrons, CERN Report 9704, E.J.N. Wilson, Accelerators for the TwentyFirst Century A Review, CERN Report 9005, 1990.
5 Special Topics and Detailed Information: J.D. Jackson, Calssical Electrodynamics, Wiley, New York, Lichtenberg and Lieberman, Regular and Stochastic Motion, Applied Mathematical Sciences 38, Springer Verlag. A.W. Chao, Physics of Collective Beam Instabilities in High Energy Accelerators, Wiley, New York M. Diens, M. Month and S. Turner, Frontiers of Particle Beams: Intensity Limitations, SpringerVerlag 1992, (ISBN or ) (Hilton Head Island 1990) Physics of Collective Beam Instabilities in High Energy Accelerators, Wiley, New York R.A. Carrigan, F.R. Huson and M. Month, The State of Particle Accelerators and High Energy Physics, American Institute of Physics New Yorkm 1982, (ISBN ) (AIP ) Physics of Collective Beam Instabilities in High Energy Accelerators, Wiley, New York 1993.
6 I) Particle Acceleration Motivation Particle Sources Acceleration Concepts: Equations and Units DC Acceleration RF Acceleration Summary
7 Search for Elementary Particles Stage I: Nuclear Physics Chronology: 1803: 1896: 1896: Dalton M & P Currie Thomson Atom Atoms can decay Electron 1906: Rutherford Nucleus Electron 1911: Rutherford α N O H Disintegration of Nuclei! Particle Accelerators
8 Stage II: Particle Physics Chronology (Theory): 1905: Einstein 2 E = mc 1930: 1935: Dirac Yukawa Antimatter π Meson Chronology (Experiments): (Cosmic Rays) 1932: Anderson 1937: Anderson e µ p } π? Accelerators
9 Particle Sources: e : e Cathode Rays p : Cathode Tube withh H e H 2 e 2 2 H e H H e 2 H e H 2 e Antimatter: Pair Production
10 Acceleration Concepts Lorentz Force: dp dt = Q * ( E v x B ) Energy gain only due to E field! Scalar and Vector Potential: E = grad φ c 1 e e A t B = rot A Electrostatic fields (A = 0) Time varying fields ( = 0) φ
11 Units Energy Gain: 1 ev 19 (1.6 * 10 J) 1 Volt e E Common Units: kev, MeV, GeV, TeV ( ) 10, 10, 10, 10 Total Particle Energy: Relativity: 2 E = mc ; m = γ * m 0 γ = 1/ 1 β 2 ; β = v/c Electron: 31 m = 9.11*10 kg; MeV Proton: 27 m = 1.67*10 kg; GeV
12 Electrostatic Fields High Voltage Unit: ion source high voltage unit acceleration tube V = 200 kv max target Cascade Generator: 0 2U 4U 6U o o o U = U osin ωt capacitors diodes 1928: 1932: Cockroft Walton p Li 2 He (Nobel Prize 1951) 800kV 700kV (p)
13 Van de Graaf Generator Single Unit: charge collector charge conveyor belt 50 kv dc ion source spraycomb top terminal 10 MV evacuated acceleration channel spectrometer magnet experiment V = 10 MVolt max
14 Van de Graaf Generator Tandem generator: experiment pressure tank high voltage terminal negative ion Source striping foil or gas charge conveyor belt spraycomb 50 kv dc V = 25 MVolt max
15 Time Varying Fields E = 1 A c t e e E rot B = µε c e e E t capacitor beam AC generator Resonator: capacitor coil B L = C = ε 2 µ 0 N A l 0 d A beam E beam cavity f; Q; R cavity
16 Circular AcceleratorsI 1929: Lawrence Cyclotron Q ω = m B m v r = Q B m = const dee orbits f = const RF B = const beam extraction 1931: RF Livingston orbits H to 80 kev 1932: Lawrence p to 1.2 MeV (NP 1939)
17 Disadvantage: High Energy: γ >> 1 f = const. RF short bunch trains large dipole magnet Synchrotron: ω 0 = Q m r = m Q 0 0 B γ γ B v R = const. B = const. Small magnets, v = c f = const. RF
18 Circular Accelerators II Synchrotron: 1952: Cosmotron 3 GeV protons 1949: electrons injection magnet B RF cavity vacuum chamber extraction / target 1955: Bevatron 6 GeV protons p (fixedtarget experiment) 2 E E = 2 m c 1 1 cm 0 2 m c 2 0
19 Summary Acceleration Concept: Static field 25 MeV discharge AC field no limit length multiple passages Circular Acceleration: Cyclotron 25 MeV nonrelativistic Synchrotron no limit small magnets In Practice: Combination of several options
Overview. Basic Accelerator Principles : units and equations. acceleration concepts. storage rings. trajectory stability.
Overview Basic Accelerator Principles : units and equations acceleration concepts storage rings trajectory stability collider concept vacuum requirements synchrotron radiation design parameters for the
More informationPhysics of Accelerators-I. D. P. Mahapatra Utkal University, Bhubaneswar
Physics of Accelerators-I D. P. Mahapatra Utkal University, Bhubaneswar Introduction Brief history of developments in NP, Requirement of accelerators, Lorntz force and acceleration principles, Acceleration
More informationAccelerators Ideal Case
Accelerators Ideal Case Goal of an accelerator: increase energy of CHARGED par:cles Increase energy ΔE = r 2 F dr = q ( E + v B)d r The par:cle trajectory direc:on dr parallel to v ΔE = increase of energy
More informationWhy do we accelerate particles?
Why do we accelerate particles? (1) To take existing objects apart 1803 J. Dalton s indivisible atom atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other element to make compounds, e.g. water is made of
More informationIntroduction to Elementary Particle Physics I
Physics 56400 Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics I Lecture 9 Fall 2018 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones Particle Accelerators In general, we only need classical electrodynamics to discuss particle
More informationParticle Accelerators. The Electrostatic Accelerators
Particle Accelerators The Electrostatic Accelerators References K. Wille The Physics of Particle Accelerator, Oxford University press pag 1-29 H. Wiedeman Particle accelerator physics volume 1, chapter
More informationSummary of lecture 1 and 2: Main ingredients in LHC success
Summary of lecture 1 and 2: Main ingredients in LHC success LHC LHC Tevatron Tevatron s=1.8tev Energy 10 times higher cross section than Tevatron and integrated luminosity already ½ at end of 2011! 1 Lectures
More informationPHYS 3446 Lecture #15
PHYS 3446 Lecture #15 Monday, Oct. 30, 2006 Dr. 1. Particle Accelerators Electro-static Accelerators Cyclotron Accelerators Synchrotron Accelerators 2. Elementary Particle Properties Forces and their relative
More informationLectures on accelerator physics
Lectures on accelerator physics Lecture 3 and 4: Examples Examples of accelerators 1 Rutherford s Scattering (1909) Particle Beam Target Detector 2 Results 3 Did Rutherford get the Nobel Prize for this?
More informationSection 4 : Accelerators
Section 4 : Accelerators In addition to their critical role in the evolution of nuclear science, nuclear particle accelerators have become an essential tool in both industry and medicine. Table 4.1 summarizes
More informationPHYS 3446 Lecture #18
PHYS 3446 Lecture #18 Monday, Nov. 7, 2016 Dr. Jae Yu Particle Accelerators Electro-static Accelerators Cyclotron Accelerators Synchrotron Accelerators Elementary Particle Properties Forces and their relative
More informationKoji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai. Second Term, JFY2011. Oct.
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators I : Dawn of Particle Accelerator Technology Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator Course, Sokendai
More informationParticles and Universe: Particle accelerators
Particles and Universe: Particle accelerators Maria Krawczyk, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki March 24, 2015 M.Krawczyk, A.F.Żarnecki Particles and Universe 4 March 24, 2015 1 / 37 Lecture 4 1 Introduction 2
More informationAppendix A2. Particle Accelerators and Detectors The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland on the Border of France.
Appendix A. Particle Accelerators and Detectors The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland on the Border of France. Prepared by: Arash Akbari-Sharbaf Why Build Accelerators? Probe deeper From
More informationParticle physics experiments
Particle physics experiments Particle physics experiments: collide particles to produce new particles reveal their internal structure and laws of their interactions by observing regularities, measuring
More informationX = Z H + N n TBE. X = d 1 Z 2 + d 2 Z d 3 + d + d 4, where d i = f (Ci, A) 75 Se 75 Br. 75 Zn. 75 Ga. 75 Kr. 75 Ge 75 As
1 Lecture 4 : Beta stability, the LD Mass Formula, and Accelerators Simplest form of LD Mass Formula TBE = C 1 A C 2 A 2/3 C 3 Z 2 /A 1/3 C 4 (N-Z) 2 /A 2 + C 6 /A 1/2 = C 1 C 2 A 1/3 C 3 Z 2 /A 4/3
More informationWhat did you learn in the last lecture?
What did you learn in the last lecture? What did you learn in the last lecture? Beta stability, the LD Mass Formula, and Accelerators Simplest form of LD Mass Formula TBE = C 1 A C A /3 C 3 Z /A 1/3 C
More informationDirect-Current Accelerator
Nuclear Science A Teacher s Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart 1998 Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP) Chapter 11 Accelerators One of the most important tools of nuclear science is the
More informationHistorical developments. of particle acceleration
Historical developments of particle acceleration Y.Papaphilippou N. Catalan-Lasheras USPAS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 20 th June 1 st July 2005 1 Outline Principles of Linear Acceleration Electrostatic
More informationEP228 Particle Physics
EP8 Particle Physics Topic 3 Department of Engineering Physics University of Gaziantep Course web page www.gantep.edu.tr/~bingul/ep8 Dec 01 Page 1 Outline 1. Introduction. Electrostatic (DC) Accelerators
More informationAccelerator Basics. Abhishek Rai IUAC
Accelerator Basics Abhishek Rai IUAC School on Accelerator Science and Technology May 7-18, 2018 Some basics Charge on an electron(e) = 1.6 10-19 Coulomb (1 unit of charge) 1 Atomic mass unit (amu) = 1.66
More informationHigh Energy Physics. QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013
High Energy Physics QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013 1 The Birth of Particle Physics In 1896, Thompson showed that electrons were particles, not a fluid. In 1905, Einstein argued that photons
More informationFundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators V : Future of the High Energy Accelerators. Koji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators V : Future of the High Energy Accelerators Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator Course, Sokendai
More informationFundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators I : Dawn of Particle Accelerator Technology. Koji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators I : Dawn of Particle Accelerator Technology Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator Course, Sokendai
More informationIntroduction to accelerators for teachers (Korean program) Mariusz Sapiński CERN, Beams Department August 9 th, 2012
Introduction to accelerators for teachers (Korean program) Mariusz Sapiński (mariusz.sapinski@cern.ch) CERN, Beams Department August 9 th, 2012 Definition (Britannica) Particle accelerator: A device producing
More informationContents. LC : Linear Collider. µ-µ Collider. Laser-Plasma Wave Accelerator. Livingston Chart 6 References
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators V : Future of the High Energy Accelerators VI : References Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator
More informationFundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators V: Future of the High Energy Accelerators VI: References. Koji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators V: Future of the High Energy Accelerators VI: References Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator
More informationSaptaparnee Chaudhuri. University of South Carolina Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Saptaparnee Chaudhuri University of South Carolina Dept. of Physics and Astronomy 1 WORKING OF LAWRENCE S CYCLOTRON APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF CYCLOTRON THE SYNCHROCYCLOTRON THE SYNCHROTRON 2 LAWRENCE
More information3. Particle accelerators
3. Particle accelerators 3.1 Relativistic particles 3.2 Electrostatic accelerators 3.3 Ring accelerators Betatron // Cyclotron // Synchrotron 3.4 Linear accelerators 3.5 Collider Van-de-Graaf accelerator
More informationIntroduction to Accelerator Physics Part 1
Introduction to Accelerator Physics Part 1 Pedro Castro / Accelerator Physics Group (MPY) Introduction to Accelerator Physics DESY, 28th July 2014 Pedro Castro / MPY Accelerator Physics 28 th July 2014
More informationIntroduction to Particle Accelerators & CESR-C
Introduction to Particle Accelerators & CESR-C Michael Billing June 7, 2006 What Are the Uses for Particle Accelerators? Medical Accelerators Create isotopes tracers for Medical Diagnostics & Biological
More informationGraduate Accelerator Physics. G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 1
Graduate Accelerator Physics G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 1 Course Outline Course Content Introduction to Accelerators and Short Historical Overview Basic Units and Definitions
More informationAccelerators. Lecture V. Oliver Brüning. school/lecture5
Accelerators Lecture V Oliver Brüning AB/ABP http://bruening.home.cern.ch/bruening/summer school/lecture5 V) LEP, LHC + more LEP LHC Other HEP Projects Future Projects What else? LEP Precision Experiment:
More informationPhysics 663. Particle Physics Phenomenology. April 9, Physics 663, lecture 2 1
Physics 663 Particle Physics Phenomenology April 9, 2002 Physics 663, lecture 2 1 History Two Principles Electrostatic Cockcroft-Walton Accelerators Van de Graaff and tandem Van de Graaff Transformers
More informationAccelerator Physics, BAU, First Semester, (Saed Dababneh).
Accelerator Physics 501503746 Course web http://nuclear.bau.edu.jo/accelerators/ edu or http://nuclear.dababneh.com/accelerators/ com/accelerators/ 1 Grading Mid-term Exam 25% Projects 25% Final Exam 50%
More informationAccelerators. W. Udo Schröder, 2004
1 Accelerators Overview Electrostatic Accelerators Cascade Van de Graaff V.d.G. Tandem generator Accelerator 2-3 stages steady (DC) beam, high quality focusing, energy, currents; but low energies Accelerators
More informationIntroduction to Longitudinal Beam Dynamics
Introduction to Longitudinal Beam Dynamics B.J. Holzer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract This chapter gives an overview of the longitudinal dynamics of the particles in an accelerator and, closely related
More informationLinear and circular accelerators
Linear and circular accelerators Ion Accelerator Physics and Technology Oliver Boine-Frankenheim, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt Tel. 06159 712408, O.Boine-Frankenheim@gsi.de o
More informationPhysics 736. Experimental Methods in Nuclear-, Particle-, and Astrophysics. - Accelerator Techniques: Introduction and History -
Physics 736 Experimental Methods in Nuclear-, Particle-, and Astrophysics - Accelerator Techniques: Introduction and History - Karsten Heeger heeger@wisc.edu Homework #8 Karsten Heeger, Univ. of Wisconsin
More informationTheory English (Official)
Q3-1 Large Hadron Collider (10 points) Please read the general instructions in the separate envelope before you start this problem. In this task, the physics of the particle accelerator LHC (Large Hadron
More informationEngines of Discovery
Engines of Discovery R.S. Orr Department of Physics University of Toronto Berkley 1930 1 MeV Geneva 20089 14 TeV Birth of Particle Physics and Accelerators 1909 Geiger/Marsden MeV a backscattering - Manchester
More information1 Accelerator Physics for an ERL x-ray Source
1 Accelerator Physics for an ERL x-ray Source 1. History of Accelerators 2. Synchrotron Radiation Sources 3. Linear Beam Dynamics 4. Emittances 5. Radiative Beam Dynamics 6. Photo Emission Guns 7. Space
More informationIntroduction to Accelerator Physics Part 1
Introduction to Accelerator Physics Part 1 Pedro Castro / Accelerator Physics Group (MPY) Introduction to Accelerator Physics DESY, 27th July 2015 Pedro Castro / MPY Introduction to Accelerator Physics
More informationParticle Detectors for Hadron Physics Experiments. WS 2011/12 Fr. 12:15 13:45 Jim Ritman, Tobias Stockmanns
Particle Detectors for Hadron Physics Experiments WS 2011/12 Fr. 12:15 13:45 Jim Ritman, Tobias Stockmanns James Ritman Raum NB 2-125 Tel. 23556 J.Ritman@ep1.rub.de Contacts Tobias Stockmanns Tel. 02461-61-2591
More informationIntroduction to Particle Accelerators Bernhard Holzer, DESY
Introduction to Particle Accelerators Bernhard Holzer, DESY DESY Summer Student Lectures 2007 Introduction historical development & first principles components of a typical accelerator...the easy part
More informationIntroduction to Accelerators. Scientific Tools for High Energy Physics and Synchrotron Radiation Research
Introduction to Accelerators. Scientific Tools for High Energy Physics and Synchrotron Radiation Research Pedro Castro Introduction to Particle Accelerators DESY, July 2010 What you will see Pedro Castro
More informationPhysics 610. Adv Particle Physics. April 7, 2014
Physics 610 Adv Particle Physics April 7, 2014 Accelerators History Two Principles Electrostatic Cockcroft-Walton Van de Graaff and tandem Van de Graaff Transformers Cyclotron Betatron Linear Induction
More informationAccelerators. The following are extracts from a lecture course at Nikhef (Amsterdam).
Accelerators The following are extracts from a lecture course at Nikhef (Amsterdam). You are not required to know this information for this course, but you will find it interesting as background information
More informationPARTICLE ACCELERATORS
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE PARTICLE ACCELERATORS Particle accelerators are used to accelerate elementary particles to very high energies for: Production of radioisotopes Probing the structure of matter There
More informationShort Introduction to CLIC and CTF3, Technologies for Future Linear Colliders
Short Introduction to CLIC and CTF3, Technologies for Future Linear Colliders Explanation of the Basic Principles and Goals Visit to the CTF3 Installation Roger Ruber Collider History p p hadron collider
More informationPARTICLE PHYSICS :Higher Level Long Questions
PARTICLE PHYSICS :Higher Level Long Questions Particle Accelerators (including Cockcroft and Walton experiment) 2013 Question 10 (a) In 1932 J.D. Cockroft and E.T.S. Walton accelerated protons to energies
More information!"#$%$!&'()$"('*+,-')'+-$#..+/+,0)&,$%.1&&/$ LONGITUDINAL BEAM DYNAMICS
LONGITUDINAL BEAM DYNAMICS Elias Métral BE Department CERN The present transparencies are inherited from Frank Tecker (CERN-BE), who gave this course last year and who inherited them from Roberto Corsini
More informationIntroduction and Overview of Accelerators
Introduction and Overview of Accelerators Fanglei Lin Center for Advanced Studies of Accelerators, Jefferson Lab 29th Annual Hampton University Graduate Studies Program HUGS 2014, Jefferson Lab, June 2-20,
More informationThe Physics of Cosmic Rays
The Physics of Cosmic Rays QuarkNet summer workshop July 23-27, 2012 1 Recent History Most natural phenomena can be explained by a small number of simple rules. You can determine what these rules are by
More informationAccelerator Physics Weak Focussing. A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, and T. Zolkin Jefferson Lab Colorado State University Lecture 2
Accelerator Physics Weak Focussing A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, and T. Zolkin Jefferson Lab Colorado State University Lecture 2 Betatrons 25 MeV electron accelerator with its inventor: Don Kerst. The earliest
More informationThe God particle at last? Astronomy Ireland, Oct 8 th, 2012
The God particle at last? Astronomy Ireland, Oct 8 th, 2012 Cormac O Raifeartaigh Waterford Institute of Technology CERN July 4 th 2012 (ATLAS and CMS ) A new particle of mass 125 GeV I The Higgs boson
More informationAccelerator Physics Weak Focusing. S. A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, S. DeSilva, R. Gamage Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2
Accelerator Physics Weak Focusing S. A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, S. DeSilva, R. Gamage Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2 Betatrons 25 MeV electron accelerator with its inventor: Don Kerst. The
More informationLongitudinal dynamics Yannis PAPAPHILIPPOU CERN
Longitudinal dynamics Yannis PAPAPHILIPPOU CERN United States Particle Accelerator School, University of California - Santa-Cruz, Santa Rosa, CA 14 th 18 th January 2008 1 Outline Methods of acceleration
More informationParticle accelerators. Dr. Alessandro Cianchi
Particle accelerators Dr. Alessandro Cianchi Particle accelerators: instructions 48 hrs lectures (Wednesday 6, Friday 6 9:00) All the documentation is available via web in pdf @ http://people.roma2.infn.it/~cianchi/didattica.html
More informationHomework 2: Forces on Charged Particles
Homework 2: Forces on Charged Particles 1. In the arrangement shown below, 2 C of positive charge is moved from plate S, which is at a potential of 250 V, to plate T, which is at a potential of 750 V.
More informationPhysics at Accelerators
Physics at Accelerators Course outline: The first 4 lectures covers the physics principles of accelerators. Preliminary plan: Lecture 1: Accelerators, an introduction. Acceleration principles. Lecture
More informationA short history of accelerators CHESS & LEPP. 4πε. 1919: Rutherford produces first nuclear reactions with natural 4 He 14
17 A short history of accelerators 1911: Rutherford discovers the nucleus with 7.7MeV 4 He from 14 Po alpha decay measuring the elastic crossection of 197 Au + 4 He! 197 Au + 4 He. 14 Po 4 He 197 Au E
More informationLecture 32 April
Lecture 32 April 08. 2016. Hydrogen Discharge Tube and Emission of Discrete Wavelengths Description of the discrete Hydrogen Emission Spectrum by the Balmer (1884) Rydberg Ritz formula (1908) Cathode Ray
More informationLecture 1 - Overview of Accelerators I ACCELERATOR PHYSICS MT E. J. N. Wilson
Lecture 1 - Overview of Accelerators I ACCELERATOR PHYSICS MT 2011 E. J. N. Wilson Lecture 1 - E. Wilson 13-Oct 2011 - Slide 1 Links Author s e-mail: ted.wilson@cern.ch Engines of Discovery : http://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/6272.html
More informationThe God particle at last? Science Week, Nov 15 th, 2012
The God particle at last? Science Week, Nov 15 th, 2012 Cormac O Raifeartaigh Waterford Institute of Technology CERN July 4 th 2012 (ATLAS and CMS ) A new particle of mass 125 GeV Why is the Higgs particle
More informationaccelerator physics and ion optics introduction
accelerator physics and ion optics introduction Sytze Brandenburg sb/accphys2007_1/1 course literature book used as guideline for the course An introduction to particle accelerators Edmund Wilson Oxford
More informationMedical Linac. Block diagram. Electron source. Bending magnet. Accelerating structure. Klystron or magnetron. Pulse modulator.
Block diagram Medical Linac Electron source Bending magnet Accelerating structure Pulse modulator Klystron or magnetron Treatment head 1 Medical Linac 2 Treatment Head 3 Important Accessories Wedges Dynamic
More informationAccelerator Physics. G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2
Accelerator Physics G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2 Four-vectors Four-vector transformation under z boost Lorentz Transformation v ' v v v v 0 0 3 ' 1 1 ' v v 2 2 v ' v v 3
More informationParticle Accelerators
Experimental Methods of Particle Physics Particle Accelerators Andreas Streun, PSI andreas.streun@psi.ch https://ados.web.psi.ch/empp-streun Andreas Streun, PSI 1 Particle Accelerators 1. Introduction
More informationS.Y. Lee Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A. June 10, 2011
Preface Accelerator science took off in the 20th century. Accelerator scientists invent many innovative technologies to produce and manipulate high energy and high quality beams that are instrumental to
More informationIntroduction to Accelerator Physics CHESS & LEPP
1 Introduction to Accelerator Physics Content 1. A History of Particle Accelerators 2. E & M in Particle Accelerators 3. Linear Beam Optics in Straight Systems 4. Linear Beam Optics in Circular Systems
More informationRDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production
RDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production Particle generation Accelerator Direct Voltage Linear Cyclotrons Synchrotrons Photons * XAFS * Photonuclear Heavy Ions Neutrons sources Fission products
More informationAccelerator Physics and Technologies for Linear Colliders University of Chicago, Physics 575
Accelerator Physics and Technologies for Linear Colliders University of Chicago, Physics 575 Lecture 1: S. D. Holmes, An Introduction to Accelerators for High Energy Physics I. Introduction to the Course
More informationAccelerators. There are some accelerators around the world Nearly all are for industrial (20 000) or clinical use (10 000)
Accelerators There are some 30 000 accelerators around the world Nearly all are for industrial (20 000) or clinical use (10 000) Scientific research community (~ 100) Synchrotron light sources Ion beam
More informationAccelerator Physics for X- Rays
Accelerator Physics for X- Rays ESRF lectures by Boaz Nash, ASD Lecture 1 : Fast electrons - January 13, Auditorium 14-16h Acceleration methods : linear, circular ESRF acceleration complex Overview of
More informationLecture 2: Quantum Mechanics and Relativity
Lecture 2: Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Atom Atomic number A Number of protons Z Number of neutrons A-Z Number of electrons Z Charge of electron = charge of proton ~1.6 10-19 C Size of the atom ~10-10
More informationParticles and Waves Final Revision Exam Questions Part 1
Particles and Waves Final Revision Exam Questions Part 1 Cover image: cutaway diagram of CERN, CERN Version 2013 P&W: Exam Questions Part 1 Version 2013 Contents Section 1: The Standard Model 1 Section
More informationNUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS (PH242) PARTICLE PHYSICS
NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS (PH242) PARTICLE PHYSICS History of Elementary Particles THE CLASSICAL ERA (1897-1932) Elementary particle physics was born in 1897 with J.J. Thomson s discovery of the ELECTRONS
More informationParticle Acceleration
Nuclear and Particle Physics Junior Honours: Particle Physics Lecture 4: Accelerators and Detectors February 19th 2007 Particle Beams and Accelerators Particle Physics Labs Accelerators Synchrotron Radiation
More informationJourney to the world of elementary particles
Created with pptalk Slide 1/29 Journey to the world of elementary particles Palash B. Pal Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Calcutta Created with pptalk Slide 2/29 The concept of elementary constituents
More informationA 8 ECTS credit course autumn opintoviikon kurssi sysksyllä 2008
Introduction A 8 ECTS credit course autumn 2008 8 opintoviikon kurssi sysksyllä 2008 http://www.helsinki.fi/~www_sefo/accelerators/ lectures Mon 12-14, Tue 14-16 in D116 weeks 38-42, 44-50 (no lectures
More informationI. Antoniadis CERN. IAS CERN Novice Workshop, NTU, 7 Feb 2014
I. Antoniadis CERN IAS CERN Novice Workshop, NTU, 7 Feb 2014 1 2 3 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Largest scientific instrument ever built, 27km of circumference >10 000 people involved in its design
More informationCfE Higher Physics. Particles and Waves
Wallace Hall Academy CfE Higher Physics Particles and Waves Exam Questions Part 1 Cover image: cutaway diagram of CERN, CERN P&W: Exam Questions Part 1 Version 2013 Contents Section 1: The Standard Model
More informationExperimental Techniques
Experimental Techniques Accelerators History Techniques Current Facilities Detectors Fundamental principles Detector concepts Current and recent experiments J. Brau Physics 662, Chapter 11 1 Accelerators
More informationPhase Space Study of the Synchrotron Oscillation and Radiation Damping of the Longitudinal and Transverse Oscillations
ScienceAsia 28 (2002 : 393-400 Phase Space Study of the Synchrotron Oscillation and Radiation Damping of the Longitudinal and Transverse Oscillations Balabhadrapatruni Harita*, Masumi Sugawara, Takehiko
More informationFuture Accelerators. DESY -MPY- Maria Laach Part I
Future Accelerators Lutz.Lilje@desy.de DESY -MPY- Maria Laach 2007 Part I References (Real Paper ) Accelerator Physics Courses Physik der Teilchenbeschleuniger und Synchrotronstrahlungsquellen, Klaus Wille,
More informationfree electron plus He-like ion
free electron plus He-like ion E e I p,n E 2 E 1 ΔE=E e +I p,n aber: ΔE=E 2 -E 1 n n n n n n=1 n=2 n=3 AAMOP 2011-2012 2011-11-16 1 dielectronic recombination E 2 E 1 n n n n n n=1 n=2 n=3 AAMOP 2011-2012
More informationFrontier Science: The mystery of Antimatter
Frontier Science: The mystery of Antimatter Cristina Lazzeroni Professor in Particle Physics STFC Public Engagement Fellow ASE Frontier Science Lecture University of Birmingham Poynting Physics S02 7th
More information42 Particle Physics Phenomenology
42 Particle Physics Phenomenology Udom Robkob, Physics-MUSC April 26, 2017 Udom Robkob, Physics-MUSC 42 Particle Physics Phenomenology April 26, 2017 1 / 18 Today Topics The building block of all matters
More informationChapter test: Probing the Heart of Matter
PRO dditional sheet 5 Chapter test: Probing the Heart of Matter 40 marks total nswer LL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. The marks for individual questions
More informationPhysics 424: Dr. Justin Albert (call me Justin!)
Physics 424: Dr. Justin Albert (call me Justin!) A Brief History of Particle Physics Discoveries (Or: Figuring out What the Universe is Made Of ) Looking Inside the Atom: e -, p, and n! 1897: J.J. Thomson
More informationElementary Particle Physics Glossary. Course organiser: Dr Marcella Bona February 9, 2016
Elementary Particle Physics Glossary Course organiser: Dr Marcella Bona February 9, 2016 1 Contents 1 Terms A-C 5 1.1 Accelerator.............................. 5 1.2 Annihilation..............................
More informationOverview. The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions.
Overview The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions. Our understanding is about to take a giant leap.. the Large Hadron Collider
More informationLecture 1 The development of accelerator concepts
Lecture 1 The development of accelerator concepts William A. Barletta Director, Dept. of Physics, MIT & UCLA Economics Faculty, University of Ljubljana Motivations: Why does anyone care about accelerators?
More informationPHYS 575A/B/C Autumn 2015 Radia&on and Radia&on Detectors
PHYS 575A/B/C Autumn 2015 Radia&on and Radia&on Detectors Course home page: h6p://depts.washington.edu/physcert/radcert/575website/ 9: Case studies: Non- Cherenkov neutrino detectors; neutron detectors;
More informationThe Development of Particle Physics. Dr. Vitaly Kudryavtsev E45, Tel.:
The Development of Particle Physics Dr. Vitaly Kudryavtsev E45, Tel.: 0114 2224531 v.kudryavtsev@sheffield.ac.uk Discovery of the muon and the pion Energy losses of charged particles. This is an important
More informationAccelerators and radiation spectra
X-ray tube Accelerators and radiation spectra Electrons are released from the cathode (negative electrode) by thermionic emission accelerated in an evacuated tube hit the anode (target, positive electrode)
More informationIntroduction. Read: Ch 1 of M&S
Introduction What questions does this field address? Want to know the basic law of nature. Can we unify all the forces with one equation or one theory? Read: Ch 1 of M&S K.K. Gan L1: Introduction 1 Particle
More informationApplications of scattering theory! From the structure of the proton! to protein structure!
Applications of scattering theory From the structure of the proton to protein structure Nicuşor Tîmneanu 2016 Contents and goals What is scattering and why study it? How is the structure of matter determined?
More informationProduction of HCI with an electron beam ion trap
Production of HCI with an electron beam ion trap I=450 ma E= 5 kev axially: electrodes radially: electron beam space charge total trap potential U trap 200 V (U trap ion charge) 10000 ev 15000 A/cm 2 n
More information