Nuclear Reactions. Shape, interaction, and excitation structures of nuclei scattering expt. cf. Experiment by Rutherford (a scatt.
|
|
|
- Leslie Sutton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nuclear Reactions Shape, interaction, and excitation structures of nuclei scattering expt. cf. Experiment by Rutherford (a scatt.) scattered particles detector solid angle projectile target transmitted particles K. Muto (TIT)
2 Nuclear fusion reactions two positive charges repel each other nuclear attractive intraction compound nucleus
3 Why subbarrier fusion? Two obvious reasons: discovering new elements (SHE by cold fusion reactions) nuclear astrophysics (fusion in stars)
4 Heavy-ion subbarrier fusion reactions Inter-nucleus potential Two forces: 1. Coulomb force Long range, repulsive 2. Nuclear force Short range, attractive above barrier sub-barrier deep subbarrier Potential barrier due to the compensation between the two (Coulomb barrier)
5 Fusion cross sections at subbarrier energies Fusion cross sections of structure-less nuclei (a potential model) Simple potential model: OK for relatively light systems underestimates s fus for heavier systems at subbarrier energies
6 Strong target dependence at E < V b low-lying collective excitations?
7
8 Effect of deformation on subbarrier fusion Excitation spectra of 154 Sm (MeV) 8 + cf. Rotational energy of a rigid body (Classical mechanics) Sm Sm is deformed
9 154 Sm 16 O The barrier is lowered for =0 because an attraction works from large distances. The barrier increases for =p/2. because the rel. distance has to get small for the attraction to work Def. Effect: enhances s fus by a factor of 10 ~ 100 Fusion: interesting probe for nuclear structure
10 Physics of superheavy elements Periodic table of chemical elements What is the heaviest element?
11 Periodic table of chemical elements natural elements: What is the heaviest element? Pu (Z=94) a tiny amount in nature U (Z=92) What determines these numbers??
12 natural elements: What is the heaviest element? Pu (Z=94) a tiny amount in nature U (Z=92) What determines these numbers?? heavy nuclei large Coulomb repulsion unstable against a decay 4 He nucleus = a particle + (Z,N) (Z-2,N-2) (Z=2,N=2)
13 Decay half-lives of heavy nuclei 13.7 billion years 4.6 billion years 232 Th x years 238 U x 10 9 years 244 Pu 8.08 x 10 7 years 247 Cm 1.56 x 10 7 years Heavier nuclei: unstable against fission
14 Periodic table of chemical elements artificially synthesized ( man-made ) nuclear reactions superheavy elements (SHE)
15 Prediction of island of stability: an important motivation of SHE study Yuri Oganessian island of stability around Z=114, N=184 W.D. Myers and W.J. Swiatecki (1966), A. Sobiczewski et al. (1966) modern calculations: Z=114,120, or 126, N=184 e.g., H. Koura et al. (2005)
16 Island of stability (SHE) Thorium Uranium Lead Continent Yuri Oganessian
17 who is she? (*) Z=110 Darmstadtium (Ds) 1994 Germany Z=111 Roentgenium (Rg) 1994 Germany Z=112 Copernicium (Cn) 1996 Germany Z=113 No name yet 2003 Russia / 2004 Japan Z=114 Flerovium (Fl) 1999 Russia (*) Z=115 No name yet 2003 Russia Z=116 Livermoriun (Lv) 2000 Russia Z=117 No name yet 2010 Russia Z=118 No name yet 2002 Russia island of stability: Z=114, N=184 Fl discovered: Z=114, N= island not yet confirmed
18 How to synthesize SHE? Nuclear fusion reactions Fusion of medium-heavy systems: Fusion of heavy and super-heavy systems: re-separation
19 extra push Z 1 *Z 2 = 1296 Z 1 *Z 2 = 2000 C.-C. Sahm et al., Z. Phys. A319( 84)113
20 2-body potential before touching 1-body potential after touching The red potential has to be overcome even if the blue potential has been overcome. Re-separation if failed (quasi-fission)
21 contact Quasi-fission fusion evaporation ER CN n experimentally detected fission cannot distinguish experimentally CN = compound nucleus ER = evaporation residue
22 typical values for Ni + Pb reaction = 100,000,000, = 1,000,000 99,999,000,000 very rare event!! 1 CN 999,999 ER n experimentally detected CN = compound nucleus ER = evaporation residue
23 Element 113 (RIKEN, K. Morita et al.) 70 Zn (Z=30) Bi (Z=83) n K. Morita et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 81( 12) only 3 events for 553 days experiment
24 Theoretical treatment contact P cap Quasi-fission fusion evaporation P CN CN fission P sur statistical model ER n CN = compound nucleus ER = evaporation residue
25 2-body potential 1-body potential E P cap : quantum mechanics compound nucleus thermal motion energy dissipation
26 Theory: Lagenvin approach multi-dimensional extension of: q: internuclear separation, deformation, asymmetry of the two fragments g: friction coefficient R(t): random force
27
28 34 S U Quasi-fission (QF) CN fusion-fission ER n Y. Aritomo, K.H., K. Nishio, S. Chiba, PRC85( 12)044614
29 34 S U capture Quasi-fission (QF) compound ER CN fusion-fission ER n Y. Aritomo, K.H., K. Nishio, S. Chiba, PRC85( 12)044614
30 Element 113 Dubuna 48 Ca Am n a (2003) 48 Ca Bk n a a (2010) etc. Hot Fusion: 48 Ca projectile RIKEN 70 Zn Bi n (2004) Cold Fusion: 208 Pb or 209 Bi target
31 Dubna Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, Russia about 120 km north of Moscow 105Db (Dubnium)
32 fission capture evaporation survival Hot Fusion Cold Fusion Example 48 Ca Am 4n 70 Zn+ 209 Bi 1n asymmetry large small Capture large small Survival small large
33 Cn known nuclides s ~ fb = cm Rg Ds 270 Ds 271 Ds 273 Ds rd 114 event Aug CN 282 Cn 283 Cn 286 Fl 287 Fl 290 Lv 291 Lv a 274 Rg a RIKEN (Cold fusion) Bi + 70 Zn n Rg 279 Rg 280 Rg 281 Rg 282 Rg 279 Ds 281 Rg a SF a a Bk + 48 Ca 4n CN Dubna (Hot fusion) s ~ pb = cm Mt 268 Mt Hs 265 Hs 266 Hs 267 Hs 269 Hs 270 Hs 271 Hs 264 Hs a 270 Mt 274 Mt 275 Mt 276 Mt 278 Mt 275 Hs Bh 262 Bh 264 Bh 266 Bh 267 Bh Sg 259 Sg 261 Sg 263 Sg 260 Sg Db 258 Db 259 Db 260 Db 262 Sg a 261 Db Db Db a Rf Rf 258 Rf 259 Rf 260 Rf 261 Rf 262 Rf 266 Bh 265 Sg 266 Sg 263 Rf 270 Bh 271 Bh 272 Bh 274 Bh 266 Db 267 Db 268 Db 270 Db 267 Rf 271 Sg Lr 257 Lr 258 Lr 259 Lr 260 Lr 261 Lr 262 Lr 256 Lr No 258 No 260 No 262 No No No a 259 No Md Md Md 256 Md 257 Md Md Md 260 Md Fm 254 Fm 255 Fm 257 Fm 258 Fm 259 Fm 253 Fm 254 Fm a 258 Lr 257 No 256 Fm Es Es Es Es 256 Es 257 Es 254 ES Cf 251 Cf 252 Cf 253 Cf 254 Cf 255 Cf 256 Cf 250 Cf cf. Cold Fusion: connected to known nuclei Hot Fusion: neutron-richer CN
34 Naming rights? Under discussions in the joint IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party IUPAC = International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IUPAP = International Union of Pure and Applied Physics RIKEN (Japan) much less ambiguity with cold fusion Dubna (Russia) much larger number of events
35 Chemistry of superheavy elements Are they here in the periodic table? That is, does e.g., Lv show the same chemical properties as O, S, Se, Te, and Po?
36 relativistic effect : important for large Z E = mc 2 Solution of the Dirac equation (relativistic quantum mechanics) for a hydrogen-like atom: relativistic effect
37 Famous example of relativistic effects: the color of gold Gold looked like silver if there was no relativistic effects!
38 3.7 ev 2.4 ev 5s 4d Rel. Non-Rel. Non-Rel. Rel. 3.7 ev 2.4 ev 6s 5d cf. visible spectrum Silver (Ag) Gold (Au) 2.76 ev 1.65 ev
39 Rel. Non-Rel. Non-Rel. Rel. 3.7 ev 2.4 ev no color absorbed Silver (Ag) Gold (Au) blue: absorbed Ag Au
40 Chemistry of superheavy elements How do the relativistic effects alter the periodic table for SHE? a big open question
Heavy-ion fusion reactions and superheavy elements. Kouichi Hagino
Heavy-ion fusion reactions and superheavy elements Kouichi Hagino Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 1. H.I. fusion reactions: why are they interesting? 2. Coupled-channels approach 3. Future perspectives:
Mechanism of fusion reactions for superheavy elements Kouichi Hagino
Mechanism of fusion reactions for superheavy elements Kouichi Hagino Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 1. Heavy-ion fusion reactions for superheavy elements 2. Towards Z=119 and 120: role of a target deformation
Capture barrier distributions and superheavy elements
Capture barrier distributions and superheavy elements Kouichi Hagino Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 1. Introduction: Fusion reactions for SHE 2. Role of deformation in capture reactions 3. Barrier distribution
Nuclear Reactions. Shape, interaction, and excitation structures of nuclei. scattered particles. detector. solid angle. target. transmitted particles
Nuclear Reactions Shape, interaction, and excitation structures of nuclei scattering expt. scattered particles detector solid angle projectile target transmitted particles http://www.th.phys.titech.ac.jp/~muto/lectures/qmii11/qmii11_chap21.pdf
Fusion probability and survivability in estimates of heaviest nuclei production R.N. Sagaidak Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, RF
Fusion probability and survivability in estimates of heaviest nuclei production R.N. Sagaidak Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, RF 1. Fusion probability and survivability as main values
Heavy-ion fusion reactions for superheavy elements Kouichi Hagino
Heavy-ion fusion reactions for superheavy elements Kouichi Hagino Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 1. H.I. sub-barrier fusion reactions 2. Coupled-channels approach and barrier distributions 3. Application
Production of Super Heavy Nuclei at FLNR. Present status and future
ECOS 2012,Loveno di Menaggio, 18-21 June 2012 Production of Super Heavy Nuclei at FLNR. Present status and future M. ITKIS Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research BASIC
Heavy-ion sub-barrier fusion reactions: a sensitive tool to probe nuclear structure
Heavy-ion sub-barrier fusion reactions: a sensitive tool to probe nuclear structure Kouichi Hagino Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 1. Introduction: heavy-ion fusion reactions 2. Fusion and Quasi-elastic
Subbarrier cold fusion reactions leading to superheavy elements( )
IL NUOVO CIMENTO VOL. 110 A, N. 9-10 Settembre-Ottobre 1997 Subbarrier cold fusion reactions leading to superheavy elements( ) A. G. POPEKO Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR - 141980 Dubna,
capture touching point M.G. Itkis, Perspectives in Nuclear fission Tokai, Japan, March
Nuclear Reaction Mechanism Induced by Heavy Ions MG M.G. Itkis Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 5 th ASCR International Workshop Perspectives in Nuclear fission Tokai, Japan, 14 16 16March 212
FAVORABLE HOT FUSION REACTION FOR SYNTHESIS OF NEW SUPERHEAVY NUCLIDE 272 Ds
9 FAVORABLE HOT FUSION REACTION FOR SYNTHESIS OF NEW SUPERHEAVY NUCLIDE 272 Ds LIU ZU-HUA 1 and BAO JING-DONG 2,3 1 China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People s Republic of China 2 Department
Influence of entrance channels on formation of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions
Influence of entrance channels on formation of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions arxiv:0904.2994v1 [nucl-th] 20 Apr 2009 Zhao-Qing Feng a, Jun-Qing Li a, Gen-Ming Jin a a Institute of Modern
Fusion probability in heavy ion induced reac4ons. G.N. Knyazheva FLNR, JINR Interna5onal Symposium Superheavy Nuclei 2015 Texas, USA, March 2015
Fusion probability in heavy ion induced reac4ons G.N. Knyazheva FLNR, JINR Interna5onal Symposium Superheavy Nuclei 215 Texas, USA, March 215 Fusion probability σ ER = σ cap P CN W sur SHE215 2 Fusion
Fission research at JAEA and opportunity with J-PARC for fission and nuclear data
Fission research at JAEA and opportunity with J-PARC for fission and nuclear data Katsuhisa Nishio Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai, JAPAN INT 13-3, Workshop, Seattle,
How to do C.C. calculations if there is only limited experimental information on intrinsic degrees of freedom?
New approach to coupled-channels calculations for heavy-ion fusion reactions around the Coulomb barrier Kouichi Hagino Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 1. Introduction - H.I. sub-barrier fusion reactions
Superheavy elements* Yury Ts. Oganessian. Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 76, No. 9, pp , IUPAC
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 76, No. 9, pp. 1715 1734, 2004. 2004 IUPAC Superheavy elements* Yury Ts. Oganessian Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow,
Citation EPJ Web of Conferences (2014), provided the original work is prope
TitleStudy of heavy-ion induced fission Nishio, K.; Ikezoe, H.; Hofmann, S. Ackermann, D.; Antalic, S.; Aritomo Düllman, Ch.E.; Gorshkov, A.; Graeg Author(s) J.A.; Hirose, K.; Khuyagbaatar, J.; Lommel,
Fusion-fission of Superheavy Nuclei
Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences,Vol., No. 1, pp. 57 1, 57 Fusion-fission of Superheavy Nuclei M. G. Itkis,,a A. A. Bogatchev, a I. M. Itkis, a M. Jandel, a J. Kliman, a G. N. Kniajeva, a
Detectors for the measurement of ionizing radiation
For the measurement of radiation, the following reactions during the irradiation of matter are predominantly utilized: Ionization in gases (Ionization chamber, proportional flow counter, release counter)
Production of superheavy elements. Seminar: Key experiments in particle physics Supervisor: Kai Schweda Thorsten Heußer
Production of superheavy elements Seminar: Key experiments in particle physics 26.06.09 Supervisor: Kai Schweda Thorsten Heußer Outline 1. Introduction 2. Nuclear shell model 3. (SHE's) 4. Experiments
PHL424: Nuclear fusion
PHL424: Nuclear fusion Hot Fusion 5 10 15 5 10 8 projectiles on target compound nuclei 1 atom Hot fusion (1961 1974) successful up to element 106 (Seaborgium) Coulomb barrier V C between projectile and
Production and decay studies of 261 Rf, 262. Db, 265 Sg, and 266 Bh for superheavy element chemistry at RIKEN GARIS
Production and decay studies of 261 Rf, 262 Db, 265 Sg, and 266 Bh for superheavy element chemistry at RIKEN GARIS RIKEN Nishina Center Hiromitsu Haba for RIKEN SHE Chemistry Collaboration CONTENTS 1.
Nuclear Fission Fission discovered by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Lisa Meitner in 1938
Fission Readings: Modern Nuclear Chemistry, Chapter 11; Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Chapter 3 General Overview of Fission Energetics The Probability of Fission Fission Product Distributions Total Kinetic
CHEM 312 Lecture 7: Fission
CHEM 312 Lecture 7: Fission Readings: Modern Nuclear Chemistry, Chapter 11; Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Chapter 3 General Overview of Fission Energetics The Probability of Fission Fission Product Distributions
Specific parameters for some isotopes of copernicium and flerovium
Science Front Publishers Journal for Foundations and Applications of Physics, 3 (2), (2016) (sciencefront.org) ISSN 2394-3688 Specific parameters for some isotopes of copernicium and flerovium Anjana Acharya
Formation of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions
Formation of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions arxiv:0707.2588v3 [nucl-th] 9 Jul 2007 Zhao-Qing Feng,2, Gen-Ming Jin, Jun-Qing Li, Werner Scheid 3 Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy
Ciencias Nucleares STUDY OF SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS
STUDY OF SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS Sigurd Hofmann Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany s.hofmann@gsi.de Abstract The nuclear shell model predicts that the next doubly magic
Superheavy nuclei: Decay and Stability
Superheavy nuclei: Decay and Stability A.V. Karpov, V.I. Zagrebaev, Y. Martinez Palenzuela, and Walter Greiner Abstract Decay properties of superheavy nuclei are required for exploring the nuclei from
arxiv:nucl-th/ v1 18 Sep 2006
Fusion hindrance and roles of shell effects in superheavy mass region Y. Aritomo arxiv:nucl-th/0609049v1 18 Sep 2006 Abstract Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, Russia We present the
Sub-barrier fusion enhancement due to neutron transfer
Sub-barrier fusion enhancement due to neutron transfer V. I. Zagrebaev Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction, JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Received 6 March 2003; published 25 June 2003 From the analysis
Present status of the heaviest elements study using GARIS at RIKEN
Present status of the heaviest elements study using GARIS at RIKEN Kosuke Morita Superheavy Element Laboratory RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator Based Science 2006/9/29 TASCA06 Garching,, Germany 1
Microscopic Fusion Dynamics Based on TDHF
Dynamical Approach Microscopic Fusion Dynamics Based on TDHF FISSION FUSION Calculate PES as a function of nuclear shape Microscopic HF, HFB, RMF + constraints e.g. Q20, Q30, Q40 as H + lql0 Macroscopic-Microscopic
MRTOF mass measurements at GARIS-II: Toward SHE identification via mass spectroscopy
MRTOF mass measurements at GARIS-II: Toward SHE identification via mass spectroscopy Purpose of SlowSHE 118 Alpha decay 117 Spontaneous Fission Beta Decay / Electron Capture Directly Synthesizable / T
Correlation between alpha-decay energies of superheavy nuclei
Correlation between alpha-decay energies of superheavy nuclei J. M. Dong, W. Zuo*, W. Schied, J. Z. Gu Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou,China Institute for Theoretical
Fusion Barrier of Super-heavy Elements in a Generalized Liquid Drop Model
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 42 (2004) pp. 594 598 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 42, No. 4, October 15, 2004 Fusion Barrier of Super-heavy Elements in a Generalized Liquid Drop Model
Section 2: Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Nuclear Forces Nuclear Fission Chain Reaction Nuclear Fusion
: Nuclear Fission and Fusion Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Nuclear Forces Nuclear Fission Chain Reaction Nuclear Fusion Key Ideas What holds the nuclei of atoms together? What is released when the nucleus
Alpha Decay of Superheavy Nuclei
Alpha Decay of Superheavy Nuclei Frank Bello, Javier Aguilera, Oscar Rodríguez InSTEC, La Habana, Cuba frankl@instec.cu Abstract Recently synthesis of superheavy nuclei has been achieved in hot fusion
Chapter 10 - Nuclear Physics
The release of atomic energy has not created a new problem. It has merely made more urgent the necessity of solving an existing one. -Albert Einstein David J. Starling Penn State Hazleton PHYS 214 Ernest
Fission and Fusion at the End of the Periodic System
1 Fission and Fusion at the End of the Periodic System Peter Möller, Arnold J. Sierk, Takatoshi Ichikawa and Akira Iwamoto 1 Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544 2
CHEM 312: Lecture 9 Part 1 Nuclear Reactions
CHEM 312: Lecture 9 Part 1 Nuclear Reactions Readings: Modern Nuclear Chemistry, Chapter 10; Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Chapter 4 Notation Energetics of Nuclear Reactions Reaction Types and Mechanisms
Formation of Super-Heavy Elements
Formation of Super-Heavy Elements Uncertainties in theoretical modeling Hongliang LÜ GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Bd Henri Becquerel, 14076 Caen, France Normandie Université, France Supervisor and Co-supervisor:
Quasifission and dynamical extra-push in heavy and superheavy elements synthesis
Humboldt Kolleg entitled "Interacting Structure and Reaction Dynamics in the Synthesis of the Heaviest Nuclei" Quasifission and dynamical extra-push in heavy and superheavy elements synthesis Lu Guo University
Alpha decay chains from superheavy nuclei
Alpha decay chains from superheavy nuclei C. Samanta 1,2,3 arxiv:0811.1619v1 [nucl-th] 11 Nov 2008 1 Physics Department, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA 2 Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics,
5 questions, 3 points each, 15 points total possible. 26 Fe Cu Ni Co Pd Ag Ru 101.
Physical Chemistry II Lab CHEM 4644 spring 2017 final exam KEY 5 questions, 3 points each, 15 points total possible h = 6.626 10-34 J s c = 3.00 10 8 m/s 1 GHz = 10 9 s -1. B= h 8π 2 I ν= 1 2 π k μ 6 P
Radiometric Dating (tap anywhere)
Radiometric Dating (tap anywhere) Protons Neutrons Electrons Elements on the periodic table are STABLE Elements can have radioactive versions of itself called ISOTOPES!! Page 1 in your ESRT has your list!
The Search for Heavy Elements
Nuclear Science A Teacher s Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart 1998 Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP) Chapter 8 The Search for Heavy Elements When a nucleus captures a neutron, it often
Lab Day and Time: Instructions. 1. Do not open the exam until you are told to start.
Name: Lab Day and Time: Instructions 1. Do not open the exam until you are told to start. 2. This exam is closed note and closed book. You are not allowed to use any outside material while taking this
MANY ELECTRON ATOMS Chapter 15
MANY ELECTRON ATOMS Chapter 15 Electron-Electron Repulsions (15.5-15.9) The hydrogen atom Schrödinger equation is exactly solvable yielding the wavefunctions and orbitals of chemistry. Howev er, the Schrödinger
Production of new neutron rich heavy and superheavy nuclei
Production of new neutron rich heavy and superheavy nuclei Fusion reactions Elements 119 and 120 are on the way. What s the next? Radioactive ion beams? Multinucleon transfer reactions Shell effects in
Chapter 44. Nuclear Structure
Chapter 44 Nuclear Structure Milestones in the Development of Nuclear Physics 1896: the birth of nuclear physics Becquerel discovered radioactivity in uranium compounds Rutherford showed the radiation
Systematic Study of Survival Probability of Excited Superheavy Nucleus
Systematic Study of Survival Probability of Excited Superheavy Nucleus Cheng-Jun Xia Supervisor: Bao-Xi Sun Mathematical and Physical Sciences Department, Beijing University of Technology Collaborators:
Method of active correlations in the experiment 249 Cf+ 48 Ca n
Method of active correlations in the experiment 249 Cf+ 48 Ca 297 118 +3n Yu.S.Tsyganov, A.M.Sukhov, A.N.Polyakov Abstract Two decay chains originated from the even-even isotope 294 118 produced in the
Why all the repeating Why all the repeating Why all the repeating Why all the repeating
Why all the repeating Why all the repeating Why all the repeating Why all the repeating Patterns What Patterns have you observed in your life? Where to Get Help If you don t understand concepts in chapter
Speed of light c = m/s. x n e a x d x = 1. 2 n+1 a n π a. He Li Ne Na Ar K Ni 58.
Physical Chemistry II Test Name: KEY CHEM 464 Spring 18 Chapters 7-11 Average = 1. / 16 6 questions worth a total of 16 points Planck's constant h = 6.63 1-34 J s Speed of light c = 3. 1 8 m/s ħ = h π
Experimental data analysis at the MASHA setup. Prepared by: Abeer M. Attia Supervisor: Lubos Krupa LOGO. Aleksey Novoselov
Experimental data analysis at the MASHA setup Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions JINR, Dubna, Russia Prepared by: Abeer M. Attia Supervisor: Lubos Krupa LOGO Aleksey Novoselov Flerov Laboratory of
Modified from: Larry Scheffler Lincoln High School IB Chemistry 1-2.1
Modified from: Larry Scheffler Lincoln High School IB Chemistry 1-2.1 The development of the periodic table brought a system of order to what was otherwise an collection of thousands of pieces of information.
Stability of heavy elements against alpha and cluster radioactivity
CHAPTER III Stability of heavy elements against alpha and cluster radioactivity The stability of heavy and super heavy elements via alpha and cluster decay for the isotopes in the heavy region is discussed
Lecture 31 Chapter 22, Sections 3-5 Nuclear Reactions. Nuclear Decay Kinetics Fission Reactions Fusion Reactions
Lecture Chapter, Sections -5 Nuclear Reactions Nuclear Decay Kinetics Fission Reactions Fusion Reactions Gamma Radiation Electromagnetic photons of very high energy Very penetrating can pass through the
Secondary Support Pack. be introduced to some of the different elements within the periodic table;
Secondary Support Pack INTRODUCTION The periodic table of the elements is central to chemistry as we know it today and the study of it is a key part of every student s chemical education. By playing the
Provisional Report of the 2017 Joint Working Group of IUPAC and IUPAP
Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(11): 1773 1832 Provisional Report Sigurd Hofmann a, *, Sergey N. Dmitriev a, Claes Fahlander b, Jacklyn M. Gates b, James B. Roberto a and Hideyuki Sakai b On the discovery of
Finding Magic Numbers for Heavy and Superheavy Nuclei. By Roger A. Rydin Associate Professor Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering
Finding Magic Numbers for Heavy and Superheavy Nuclei By Roger A. Rydin Associate Professor Emeritus of Nuclear Engineering Foreword I am a Nuclear Engineer, Specializing in Reactor Physics Nuclear Physics
Towards a microscopic theory for low-energy heavy-ion reactions
Towards a microscopic theory for low-energy heavy-ion reactions Role of internal degrees of freedom in low-energy nuclear reactions Kouichi Hagino (Tohoku University) 1. Introduction: Environmental Degrees
Atoms and the Periodic Table
Atoms and the Periodic Table Parts of the Atom Proton Found in the nucleus Number of protons defines the element Charge +1, mass 1 Parts of the Atom Neutron Found in the nucleus Stabilizes the nucleus
Synthesis of SHE with S3
Ch. Stodel et al, GANIL, Caen, France Programm of SHE research abroad υ Riken υ GSI υ Dubna Propositions with LINAG/S3 υ Confirmation of observed isotopes: υ υ Φ Φ Increase production rate (same system)
The Sun = Typical Star
The Sun = Typical Star Some Properties Diameter - 109 times Earth s Volume - about 1,000,000 times Earth s Mass - about 300,000 times Earth s 99.8% of Solar System Density = Mass/Volume = 1.4 g/cm 3 The
arxiv:nucl-th/ v1 18 Oct 1997
Fusion cross sections for superheavy nuclei in the dinuclear system concept G.G.Adamian 1,2, N.V.Antonenko 1, W.Scheid 1 and V.V.Volkov 2 1 Institut für Theoretische Physik der Justus Liebig Universität,
Isospin influence on Fragments production in. G. Politi for NEWCHIM/ISODEC collaboration
Isospin influence on Fragments production in 78 Kr + 40 Ca and 86 Kr + 48 Ca collisions at 10 MeV/nucleon G. Politi for NEWCHIM/ISODEC collaboration Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Sezione INFN - Catania,
There are 82 protons in a lead nucleus. Why doesn t the lead nucleus burst apart?
Question 32.1 The Nucleus There are 82 protons in a lead nucleus. Why doesn t the lead nucleus burst apart? a) Coulomb repulsive force doesn t act inside the nucleus b) gravity overpowers the Coulomb repulsive
Synthesis of New Elements and New Approaches in SHE Research
ECOS Town Meeting Orsay 2014 Synthesis of New Elements and New Approaches in SHE Research Michael Block GSI Darmstadt and Helmholtz Institute Mainz Courtesy Ch.E. Düllmann Superheavy Elements Current Status
arxiv:nucl-th/ v1 4 Nov 2003
Fusion dynamics around the Coulomb barrier K. Hagino, N. Rowley, T. Ohtsuki, M. Dasgupta, J.O. Newton and D.J. Hinde arxiv:nucl-th/0311008v1 4 Nov 2003 Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University,
Fusion of light halo nuclei
Fusion of light halo nuclei Alinka Lépine-Szily Instituto de Física-Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 1111118th 118th Intn Few-Body Problems in PhysIcs 8th International IUPAP Conference on
Impact of fission on r-process nucleosynthesis within the energy density functional theory
Impact of fission on r-process nucleosynthesis within the energy density functional theory Samuel A. Giuliani, G. Martínez Pinedo, L. M. Robledo, M.-R. Wu Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
SOURCES of RADIOACTIVITY
Section 9: SOURCES of RADIOACTIVITY This section briefly describes various sources of radioactive nuclei, both naturally occurring and those produced artificially (man-made) in, for example, reactors or
CHAPTER I. Introduction. There are 117 elements (Z=1-118) known at present, of which 94 occur naturally on
CHAPTER I Introduction There are 117 elements (Z=1-118) known at present, of which 94 occur naturally on the earth. Eighty elements have stable isotopes, namely all elements with atomic numbers 1 to 82,
Cosmic Fission: the Synthesis of the Heavy Elements and the role of Fission
Cosmic Fission: the Synthesis of the Heavy Elements and the role of Fission Sunniva Johanne Rose Trial lecture 29th March 2017 In 2002, the American Research Council made a list over the 11 Greatest Unanswered
Basic Nuclear Theory. Lecture 1 The Atom and Nuclear Stability
Basic Nuclear Theory Lecture 1 The Atom and Nuclear Stability Introduction Nuclear power is made possible by energy emitted from either nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. Current nuclear power plants utilize
Thesis and PhD themes
Thesis and PhD themes DETERMINATION OF MASSES OF THE SUPER HEAVY ELEMENTS IN THE EXPERIMENTS ON SYNTHESIS OF 112 AND 114 ELEMENTS USING THE REACTIONS 48 CA+ 238 U AND 48 CA+ 242 PU Traditionally, in experiments
Binding Energy. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege
Binding Energy Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The more tightly bound a system is, the stronger the forces that hold it together and the greater the energy required to pull it apart. We can therefore learn about
The number of protons in the nucleus is known as the atomic number Z, and determines the chemical properties of the element.
I. NUCLEAR PHYSICS I.1 Atomic Nucleus Very briefly, an atom is formed by a nucleus made up of nucleons (neutrons and protons) and electrons in external orbits. The number of electrons and protons is equal
Fission barriers of superheavy nuclei
PHYSICAL REVIEW C, VOLUME 65, 044602 Fission barriers of superheavy nuclei M. G. Itkis, Yu. Ts. Oganessian, and V. I. Zagrebaev Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction, JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Nuclear Binding Energy
Nuclear Energy Nuclei contain Z number of protons and (A - Z) number of neutrons, with A the number of nucleons (mass number) Isotopes have a common Z and different A The masses of the nucleons and the
DO NOW: Retrieve your projects. We will be reviewing them again today. Textbook pg 23, answer questions 1-3. Use the section 1.2 to help you.
DO NOW: Retrieve your projects. We will be reviewing them again today. Textbook pg, answer questions. Use the section. to help you. Chapter test is FRIDAY. The Periodic Table of Elements 8 Uuo Uus Uuh
1 Genesis 1:1. Chapter 10 Matter. Lesson. Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. (NKJV)
1 Genesis 1:1 Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. (NKJV) 1 Vocabulary Saturated having all the solute that can be dissolved at that temperature Neutron a particle with no
Measurements of cross sections for the fusion-evaporation reactions 244 Pu 48 Ca,xn 292 x 114 and 245 Cm 48 Ca,xn 293 x 116
PHYSICAL REVIEW C 69, 054607 (2004) Measurements of cross sections for the fusion-evaporation reactions 244 Pu 48 Ca,xn 292 x 114 and 245 Cm 48 Ca,xn 293 x 116 Yu. Ts. Oganessian, V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V.
Formation of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions
Formation of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions arxiv:0707.2588v4 [nucl-th] 17 Oct 2007 Zhao-Qing Feng 1,2, Gen-Ming Jin 1, Jun-Qing Li 1, Werner Scheid 3 1 Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese
An introduction to Nuclear Physics
An introduction to Nuclear Physics Jorge Pereira pereira@nscl.msu.edu National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics The Origin of Everything Layout The Nucleus.
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
Useful Constants and equations: K = o C + 273 Avogadro's number = 6.022 x 10 23 d = density = mass/volume R H = 2.178 x 10-18 J c = E = h = hc/ h = 6.626 x 10-34 J s c = 2.998 x 10 8 m/s E n = -R H Z 2
Theoretical Nuclear Physics
Theoretical Nuclear Physics (SH2011, Second cycle, 6.0cr) Comments and corrections are welcome! Chong Qi, chongq@kth.se The course contains 12 sections 1-4 Introduction Basic Quantum Mechanics concepts
Chapter 12 The Atom & Periodic Table- part 2
Chapter 12 The Atom & Periodic Table- part 2 Electrons found outside the nucleus; negatively charged Protons found in the nucleus; positive charge equal in magnitude to the electron s negative charge Neutrons
The limits of the nuclear chart set by fission and alpha decay
The limits of the nuclear chart set by fission and alpha decay Peter Möller a P. Moller Scientific Computing and Graphics, Inc., PO Box 144, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA Abstract. I will review how our picture
Nuclear Physics. Radioactivity. # protons = # neutrons. Strong Nuclear Force. Checkpoint 4/17/2013. A Z Nucleus = Protons+ Neutrons
Marie Curie 1867-1934 Radioactivity Spontaneous emission of radiation from the nucleus of an unstable isotope. Antoine Henri Becquerel 1852-1908 Wilhelm Roentgen 1845-1923 Nuclear Physics A Z Nucleus =
Chapter 13 Nuclear physics
OCR (A) specifications: 5.4.11i,j,k,l Chapter 13 Nuclear physics Worksheet Worked examples Practical: Simulation (applet) websites nuclear physics End-of-chapter test Marking scheme: Worksheet Marking
Grade 11 Science Practice Test
Grade 11 Science Practice Test Nebraska Department of Education 2012 Directions: On the following pages of your test booklet are multiple-choice questions for Session 1 of the Grade 11 Nebraska State Accountability
Nuclear Powe. Bronze Buddha at Hiroshima
Nuclear Powe Bronze Buddha at Hiroshima Nuclear Weapons Nuclear Power Is it Green & Safe? Nuclear Waste 250,000 tons of Spent Fuel 10,000 tons made per year Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation Radiocarbon
nuclear states nuclear stability
nuclear states 1 nuclear stability 2 1 nuclear chart 3 nuclear reactions Important concepts: projectile (A) target (B) residual nuclei (C+D) q-value of a reaction Notations for the reaction B(A,C)D A+B
Radioactivity. Nuclear Physics. # neutrons vs# protons Where does the energy released in the nuclear 11/29/2010 A=N+Z. Nuclear Binding, Radioactivity
Physics 1161: Lecture 25 Nuclear Binding, Radioactivity Sections 32-1 32-9 Marie Curie 1867-1934 Radioactivity Spontaneous emission of radiation from the nucleus of an unstable isotope. Antoine Henri Becquerel
Fission and Fusion Book pg cgrahamphysics.com 2016
Fission and Fusion Book pg 286-287 cgrahamphysics.com 2016 Review BE is the energy that holds a nucleus together. This is equal to the mass defect of the nucleus. Also called separation energy. The energy
Lab Day and Time: Instructions. 1. Do not open the exam until you are told to start.
Name: Lab Day and Time: Instructions 1. Do not open the exam until you are told to start. 2. This exam is closed note and closed book. You are not allowed to use any outside material while taking this
Nuclear Fission. ~200 MeV. Nuclear Reactor Theory, BAU, Second Semester, (Saed Dababneh).
Surface effect Coulomb effect ~200 MeV 1 B.E. per nucleon for 238 U (BE U ) and 119 Pd (BE Pd )? 2x119xBE Pd 238xBE U =?? K.E. of the fragments 10 11 J/g Burning coal 10 5 J/g Why not spontaneous? Two
CONCEPT MAP ATOMS. Atoms. 1.Thomson model 2.Rutherford model 3.Bohr model. 6. Hydrogen spectrum
CONCEPT MAP ATOMS Atoms 1.Thomson model 2.Rutherford model 3.Bohr model 4.Emission line spectra 2a. Alpha scattering experiment 3a. Bohr s postulates 6. Hydrogen spectrum 8. De Broglie s explanation 5.Absorption