Bell Ringer. 1. The horizontal rows of the periodic table are referred to as. 2. The vertical columns of the periodic table are referred to as or.
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1 Bell Ringer 1. The horizontal rows of the periodic table are referred to as. 2. The vertical columns of the periodic table are referred to as or.
2 GROUPS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE Physical Science
3 Groups The vertical (up and down) columns on the periodic table are called groups or families All of the elements in a group are related, which means that they have similar physical and chemical properties All of the elements in a group also have the same number of valence electrons (electrons in their outer shell)
4 Groups of the Periodic Table You should be familiar with all of the groups Groups that you should pay close attention to are marked with an asterisk (*) on guided notes
5 Group 1 (or 1A): Alkali Metals Includes all elements in Group 1 except hydrogen (H) Easily lose their 1 valence electron to become positively charged ions called cations Are soft metals (can cut with a knife) Least reactive at top; most reactive at bottom Dissolve easily in water
6 Group 1: Alkali Metals
7 Group 1: Alkali Metals Reactivity of the alkali metals
8 Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals Includes all elements in Group 2 Easily lose their 2 valence electrons to become positively charged ions called cations Are soft metals (can cut with a knife) Least reactive at top; most reactive at bottom Mg & Ca are important to humans
9 Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
10 Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals Reactivity of the alkaline earth metals
11 Groups 3-12: Transition Metals Play an important role in living organisms because our bodies need many of them in order to stay healthy Properties vary from group to group Most have high densities and high melting points Metals in bottom row are found as radioactive isotopes
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13 Group 13: The Boron Family Boron is a metalloid. All other elements are metals. This group contains aluminum, which is the most abundant metal in the Earth s crust
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15 Most of the compounds in our body contain carbon This group contains silicon, which is the second most abundant metal in the Earth s crust Group 14: The Carbon Family These elements have 4 valence electrons
16 Graphite & Diamond Both are made of carbon atoms.
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18 Group 15: The Nitrogen Family These elements have 5 valence electrons Contains 2 non-metals, 2 metalloids, and 1 metal Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorous (P) are used as fertilizers and are important for our bodies
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20 Group 16: Oxygen Family These elements have 6 valence electrons Contains a 3 non-metals and 2 metalloids Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth s crust Living things use oxygen to release the energy that is stored in foods
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22 Group 17: The Halogens These elements have 7 valence electrons All are highly reactive non-metals. They do not exist in nature as free elements Fluorine is used for the prevention of tooth decay Chlorine is used as a disinfectant
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24 Group 17: The Halogens Reactivity of the halogens
25 Group 18: The Noble Gases These elements have 8 valence electrons All are non-metals All are colorless, odorless, and extremely unreactive Passing electric current through all except radon produces different colors of light
26
27 Recap: Groups of the Periodic Table Transition Metals
28 For the rest of class Complete periodic table coloring activity Must be completed by the end of the class period! When finished, turn in and get Worksheet 5.2 Finish Worksheet 5.2 for homework if needed
29 Recap: Groups of the Periodic Table Transition Metals
30 THE END!
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