Radiotherapy Hadrons: new devices

Transcription

1 Radiotherapy Hadrons: new devices Sandro Rossi CNAO FOUNDATION Rome, Palazzo Barberini 1

2 Outline of the presentation hort rationale for hadrontherapy ospital based facilities in the World he Italian National Centre: CNAO Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen 1895 discovery of X rays 2

3 Hadrontherapy uses beams of hadrons electron e hadrons are made of quarks atom carbon ion = 6 protons + 6 neutrons proton or neutron quark u or d 3

4 Hadrons: conformal dose irradiation 4500 MeV CARBON SOBP: Spread Out Bragg Peak 4

5 Carbon Ions: biological efficacy 4 3 RBE LET kev/mm = MeV/cm = ev/(2 nm) Reduced effect dependence from Oxygen content 5

6 Overall hadrontherapy patients from Particles Newsletter (January 2005): Total protons: Total ions:

7 Experience at Chiba 7

8 Hospital centres for deep protontherapy ( >500 pts/year 5 in USA, 4 in Japan, 2 in China, 1 in Switzerland, 1 in Germany, 1 in Korea, 1 in Italy (running or financed) Four companies offer turn-key centres 8

9 Loma Linda University Medical Center: first patient 1992 First hospital-based proton-therapy therapy centre 2005:160 sessions/day 7m synchrotron 9

10 The situation in Japan WAKASA BAY PROJECT by Wakasa-Bay Energy Research Center Fukui (2002) protons ( 200 MeV) synchrotron (Hitachi) 1 h beam + 1 v beam + 1 gantry HYOGO MED CENTRE Hyogo (2001) otons ( 230 MeV) - He and C ions ( 320 MeV/u) Mitsubishi synchrotron 2 p gantries + 2 fixed p beam + 2 ion rooms TSUKUBA CENTRE Ibaraki (2001) protons ( 270 MeV) synchrotron (Hitachi) 2 gantries 2 beam for research KASHIWA CENTER Chiba (1998) protons ( 235 MeV) cyclotron (IBA SHI) 2 Gantries + 1 hor. beam HEAVY ION MEDICAL ACCELERATOR HIMAC of NIRS (1995) He and C ( 430 MeV/u) 2 synchrotrons 2 h beams + 2 v beams SHIZUOKA FACILITY Shizuoka (2002) protons cyclotron or synchrotron 2 gantries + 1 h beam

11 GSI pilot project HEIDELBERG 200 patients treated with carbon ions 11

12 Centro di AdroTerapia e Applicazioni Nucleari Avanzate LNS-INFN, Università di Catania e Palermo, IST Messina Treatment of ocular melanoma: First time for protons in Italy! [ TRENTO FINANCED PROJECT OF PROTONTHERAPY 12

13 CNAO Foundation Created in 2001 by the Ministry of Health with two main goals: To treat patients using hadrontherapy To perform clinical and radiobiological reasearch 13

14 Organisation. Borloni. Azzaretti. Arbosti. Ciani. Amaldi. Maspes Council Board: F Fondazione Policlinico F - Policlinico San Matteo F - Istituto Neurologico C. Besta F - Istituto Europeo di Oncologia F - Fondazione TERA F - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori President Vice-president. Iarocci. Coggi. Pedotti. Goggi PI - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare PI - Università di Milano PI - Politecnico di Milano PI - Università di Pavia. Capitelli PI - Comune di Pavia 14

15 COLLABORATIONS NAO (almost 40 fte personnel) is coordinating the effort of many Institutions ATIONAL FN: co-direction, involvment/responsibility in many technical issues (15), formation own of Pavia: land and authorisations niversity of Milan: medical coordination and formation olytechnic of Milan: patient positioning, radioprotection and authorisations niversity of Pavia: electrical plants, special power supplies and betatron, formation rovince of Pavia: logistics and authorisation TERNATIONAL ERN: special magnets, dipole measurements and diagnostics (+ PIMMS heritage) SI: linac and special components PSC: optics, betatron, low-level RF, control system 15

16 A clooser look to CNAO... SITEPLAN TERRITORIAL CONTEXT Project area Historical center Rivers Medical centers and hospitals Main street Strade principali distr. High-way Railway 16

17 Hospital Building High Technology Bld. 17

18 One experimental room CNAO ree treatment rooms (3H+1V) 18

19 Sections Section A-A B Section B-B A B 19

20 CNAO SITE Monday, November 7 th,

21 CNAO SITE Saturday, December 3 rd,

22 he synchrotron The heart of CNAO Linac HE lines Treatment rooms 22

23 Sources Bunches of more than 30 billions of protons or 10 millions of carbon ions are produced In collaboration with: 23

24 Conventional magnets and power supplies The particles, guided by magnetic fields, turn 1 million times in the ring in less than 1 second! In collaboration with: 24

25 Beam monitorin Prototype of a pixel chamber In collaboration with: Torino 25

26 fast slow Irradiation technique active scanning horizontal scanning vertical scanning Patient rgy variation from the ynchrotron Scanning system Field 22 E 22 Field 4 E 4 Target volume Total thickness (GSI) 26

27 Level 1 Supervisory Processes Presentation Layer Several WS Virtual Instruments (LabView like) for maintenance The Challange is to guarantee: To scopes, TV monitors or digital viewers Signals Acquisition and Distribution System Signals Analyser Equipment Component Level 2 CSRS Protocols on Ethernet or the crate bus Level 3 Equipment Component Equipment Component Equipment Component Equipment Component Equipment Component Once per cycle per station 1 SERVER or embedded in VME/PXI Data Management Layer Once per cycle or off line Equipment Server Layer Many VME/PXI RT processes run once per cycle TCP/IP on Giga Ethernet CPU Equipment Component asap Once per cycle or off line Cycle Decoder Equipment Component Equipment Component Timing Triggers Cycle Code Repository Master Timing RF Train B Train - Safety - Efficiency - Reliability - Maintainability Adequate for an hospital based facility Digital or Analogue Signals Digital Signals Digitiser Level 4 Equipment Controller CSDRS Protocols on Ethernet or FieldBus Equipment Controller Manufacturer Protocols on FieldBus or point to point Once per cycle (max 1000 scalar data) or off line Many VME/PXI/ PLC Equipment Electronics Layer RT processes can run many times per cycle Many times per cycle Equipment Controller CPU Front End Electronics (signal conditioning) Once per cycle (max 1000 scalar data) or off line Cycle Decoder Timing Many times per cycle Off Off Line means e.g. end of of treatment or or before starting treatment sessions Cycle Code Triggers Equipment Electronics Domain Detectors and Actuators 27

28 Timeplan - Summary Tasks : N. 12 European tenders (completed) N. 2 Private European Bids > N. 30 Direct orders resently: N. 45 firms (30 Italian) working for CNAO 006: Installation 007: Operation commissioning and start treatments 28

29 To be ready for the CNAO start-up Formation of personnel (doctors, medical and accelerator physicists) Authorisation procedures Permissions to use beams for patient treatments Medical Service to support and inform doctors and patients Creation of a multimedial network to connect the CNAO to the hospitals and to the reasearch institutes 29

30 Running Phase ay-hospital 0% trattaments with ions and 20% with protons time for R&D ession duration: minutes Running Year Shifts regime Treatment hours per day Treatment rooms Working days per week Working weeks per year Working days per year Total number of sessions per year

31 Discovery of X-rays 1895 Conclusion First patient at CNAO fall 2007 NEW devices, BUT hadrontherapy is a further step, with good results and very promising developments, in radiotherapy evolution 31