INFLUENCE OF MIN-A-ZEL PLUS AND MAIZE MEAL ADDITION ON THE QUALITY OF LUCERNE SILAGE

Transcription

1 Journl of Agriculturl Sciences Vol. 49, No 2, 2004 Pges UDC: :633.31: Originl scientific pper INFLUENCE OF MIN-A-ZEL PLUS AND MAIZE MEAL ADDITION ON THE QUALITY OF LUCERNE SILAGE N. Djordjević 1, G. Gruić, 1 M. Admović 2 nd V.Koljjić 1 Astrct: The influence of minerl dsorent Min-A-Zel Plus (5 g/kg) nd mize mel (25 nd 50 g/kg) used lone or comined, on chemicl composition, iochemicl chnges nd qulity of lucerne silge ws investigted. Bsed on the otined dt, it cn e concluded tht ddition of Min-A-Zel Plus reduces minogenesis, while the use of mize mel lone or with zeolite fvorle conditions re chieved for lctic cid fermenttion, so tht the qulity of otined silges is etter y one qulity clss. To chieve etter effects of silge qulity, the use of comintion of minerl dsorent with crohydrte dditives is recommended. Key words: lucerne, silge, Min-A-Zel Plus, mize mel. I n t r o d u c t i o n The ig prolem in silge use my e mycotoxicosis, the result of mould ctivity in silges. Moulds re mostly eroic orgnisms nd they occur in plces with residul oxygen or where ir penetrted into silge (Koljjić et l., 1997). With the good pressure nd cover of silge this prolem is usully solved. However, some prts of silge re more exposed to moulds, mostly surfce lyers nd portions of silge ner the silo-oject wll. Also, silge mde from more mture mteril (whole plnt mize silge) or hylge is hrd to compress due to 1 Nend Djordjević, PhD., Assistnt Professor, Gorn Gruić, PhD., Professor, Vilimn Koljjić, PhD., Professor, Fculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animl Production Belgrde- Zemun, Nemnjin 6, Seri nd Montenegro 2 Miln Admović, PhD., Reserch Associte, ITNMS, Belgrde, Seri nd Montenegro The work ws finnced y the Ministry of Science, Technology nd Development of the Repulic of Seri within the project numer: BTR B.

2 188 N. Djordjević et l. their elsticity, nd mould prolem is igger in tht silge type. Becuse of these prolems mny investigtions re done in order to otin suitle silge dditives tht would restrict or completely void mould development nd production of their toxic nd crcinogenic metolites mycotoxins. In our country the investigtion of minerl dsorents zeolites s dditive in silge production hs een continuing during the pst few yers (Admović et l., 2001; Koljjić et l., 2003; Gruić et l., 2003; Djordjević et l., 2003-,). It is well known tht due to their high dsorptive ility zeolites were first used to ind mmoni in intensive griculture. In prctice they re used more nd more s dditives in complete concentrte mixtures for domestic nimls, s prevention to possile mycotoxicosis. On the sis of otined domestic results, dose of 0.2% zeolite is recommended for the whole plnt mize silge, while investigtions which would more precisely define necessry dose for lucerne silge, which is hrd to ensile, re going on. Mteril nd Method A totl of six tretments with three repetitions ws mde to investigte the influence of zeolite (5 g/kg) nd mize mel (25 nd 50 g/kg), used lone or comined, on chemicl composition, iochemicl chnges nd qulity of lucerne silge. Sttistic model of the experiment ws rndomized pln with triplictes of every tretment. The used lucerne ws of second cut in the flowering phse. Used zeolite ws orgniclly modified minerl dsorent Min-A-Zel Plus produced in ITNMS Institute, Belgrde. Lucerne ensiling ws done fter short wilting. Wilting ws done under the cover without the influence of rin. Ensiling ws done in lortory siloses, the mss ws covered with PVC foil, weight nd ws hermeticlly closed. After fermenttion the smples of silge were collected nd nlyses of chemicl composition, silge qulity nd protelysis were done in the Lortory of the Deprtment of Physiology nd Nutrition of Domestic Animls t the Fculty of Agriculture, Zemun (AOAC, 1984). Silge qulity ws evluted with DLG method. Sttisticl nlysis of dt ws done ccording to the rndomized experimentl pln (Stnković et l., 1990). Results nd Discussion The moisture content in silge ws done with the drying method t 105 C. It ws corrected to include voltile sustnces tht re prt of the orgnic mtter (mmoni, cetic nd utyric cid). The pproprite coefficients were used for dry mtter correction (Djordjević et l., 2003-c). Considering tht wilted mteril ws used ll silges hd incresed dry mtter content (Tle 1), which lso hd

3 Qulity of lucerne silge 189 influence on ph vlues (Tle 2). On tretments where zeolite ws dded the significnt increse of dry mtter content ws oserved. T Chemicl composition of the strting mteril nd silges Investigted prmeters, g/kg DM Prmeters Corrected Crude Crude Crude NFE Ash DM, g/kg protein lipids fire Strting mteril Silges Lucerne without dditives c Lucerne + 5 g/kg zeolite c Lucerne + 25 g/kg mize mel Lucerne + 5 g/kg zeolite + 25 g/kg mize mel Lucerne + 50 g/kg mize mel Lucerne + 5 g/kg zeolite + 50 g/kg mize mel ,,c vlues in the sme column with different letters re sttisticlly different (P<0.05) The mount of crude protein ws lso significntly vrile etween different tretments. The reson for this ws the loss of mmoni during the silge drying nd the influence of dditives on the chnge of reltive rtio within chemicl constituents. The higher percentge of crude lipids in silges compred to strting mteril is the result of extrction of the prt of lctic cid (which is non-voltile) with diethyl ether (B rnett, 1954). With the simultneous ddition of zeolite nd mize mel the significnt decrese of crude fier content. The lowest content of NFE ws oserved on tretment with only zeolite dded, which is result of much smller sh content in mize compred to lucerne. Regrdless of the significnt vrition in ph vlues of silges, ll oserved vlues re very high (Tle 2). It is result of high dry mtter content nd wilting ut lso of high uffering cpcity of Fcee plnts. The mount of mmoni nitrogen ws highest in control silge nd ccording to Dulphy nd Demrquilly (1981) it is chrcteristic (clss III) for silge of cceptle qulity ( g/kg N). The lower degree of minogenesis in treted silges cn e explined y the high dsorptive ility of Min-A-Zel- Plus, ut lso y fermenttion stimultion with crohydrte dditive. Silges tht were treted oth with zeolite nd mize mel hd decresing trend in minogenesis degree, ut not sttisticlly significnt. On the sis of mmoni nitrogen content, ll treted silges were ccording to Dulphy nd Demrquilly (1981) clssed one clss higher (clss II). The ph vlues nd the dry mtter content re the most

4 190 N. Djordjević et l. importnt fctors tht influence proteolysis, ut they cnnot stop it completely (Crpintero et l., 1979). T Prmeters of iochemicl chnges in lucerne silges Tretments ph NH 3 -N, g/kg ΣN Lctic Acids, g/kg DM Acetic Butyric F B T F B T c c c Lucerne without dditives 4.84 c Lucerne + 5 g/kg zeolite Lucerne + 25 g/kg mize mel c Lucerne + 5 g/kg zeolite + 25 g/kg mize mel Lucerne + 50 g/kg c mize mel c c Lucerne + 5 g/kg zeolite + 50 g/kg c c mize mel..c vlues in the sme column with different letters re sttisticlly different (P<0.05) F- free; B-onded; T-totl The control silge nd tretment with 5 g/kg zeolite hd significntly lowest lctic cid content. With the inclusion of mize mel the increse of lctic cid production ws oserved. Contrry to tht, with the comintion of zeolite nd mize mel, or with higher mount of mel lone the significntly more cetic cid ws produced. This my e explined y ctericide effects of lctic cid. In spite of tht, tretments with 5 g/kg zeolite + 25 g/kg mize mel or only with 50 g/kg mize mel hd utyric cid. However, utyric cid ws present in onded form. Also onded form of cetic cid ws dominting compred to free form nd possile explntion is the high content of minerl mtters, especilly clcium, in lucerne. T Evlution of silges y DLG method Tretments Reltive cid rtio, % Numer of Qulity Lctic Acetic Butyric points clss Lucerne without dditives III Lucerne + 5 g/kg zeolite III Lucerne + 25 g/kg mize mel II Lucerne + 5 g/kg zeolite + 25 g/kg II mize mel Lucerne + 50 g/kg mize mel II Lucerne + 5 g/kg zeolite + 50 g/kg mize mel II

5 Qulity of lucerne silge 191 Silges were evluted y DLG method sed on ph vlues nd reltive rtio of lctic, cetic nd utyric cid (Djordjević nd Dinić, 2003). The control silge nd the one with 5 g/kg zeolite hd dominting cetic cid fermenttion nd were rnked s clss III qulity (Tle 3). With the use of mize mel lone or comined with zeolite the lctic cid fermenttion ws fvourized nd these silges were rnked s one clss etter. C o n c l u s i o n With the use of commercil minerl mycotoxine dsorent Min-A-Zel-Plus in silge production the reduction of minogenesis ws oserved, while with the use of mize mel lone or comined with zeolite the lctic cid fermenttion ws ugmented nd the silge qulity ws etter y one clss. In order to otin etter effects on lucerne silge qulity, it cn e recommended to comine tht minerl dsorents sed on zeolite with crohydrte dditives. R E F E R E N C E S 1. Admović, M., N e š i ć, S., S t o i ć ević, Lj., T o m š e v i ć - Č nović, M. (2001): Uticj orgnski modifikovnog minerlnog dsorent mikotoksin Minzel Plus n kvlitet silže iljke kukuruz. Arhiv z poljoprivredne nuke. 62, 220: AOAC (1984): Officil Methods of Anlysis of the Officil Anlyticl Chemists. 14th ed; Assocition of Officil Anlyticl chemists: Arlington, VA, B r n e t t, A.J.G. (1954): Silge fermenttion. Butter worths pulictions ltd. 88 Kingswy. London, w.c C r p i n t e r o, C.M., H o l d i n g, A.J., M c D o n l d, P. (1969): Fermenttion studies on lucerne. J.Sci. Food. Agr. 20: Dulphy, J. P., Demrquilly, C. (1981): Prolemes prticuliers ux ensilges. Prevision de l vleur nutritive des liments des Ruminnts. I.N.R.A Djordjević, N., D i n i ć, B. (2003): Silirnje leguminoz-monogrfij. Institut z istrživnj u poljoprivredi SRBIJA. Vizrtis-Beogrd. 7. Djordjević, N., G r u i ć, G., A d m o v i ć, M., D i n i ć, B., Lzrević, D. (2003-): Intensity of iochemicl chnges in lucerne silges with ddition of zeolite nd formic cid. 11 th Interntionl symposium Forge conservtion. 9 th -11 th Septemer Nitr, Slovk Repulic Djordjević, N., A d m o v i ć, M., G r u i ć, G., K o l j i ć, V., B o č rov-stnč i ć, A. (2003-): The influence of Min-A-Zel Plus on iochemicl. microiologicl nd mycotoxicologicl prmeters of lucerne silges. Journl of Agriculturl Sciences 48, Djordjević, N., G r u i ć, G., J o k i ć, Ž. (2003-c): Osnovi ishrne domćih životinjprktikum. Poljoprivredni fkultet Zemun. Grfoppir-Šc. 10. Gruić, G., D j o r d j e v i ć, N., K o l j j i ć, V., A d m o v i ć, M. (2003): The influence of zeolite ddition on lucerne silge qulity. Symposium of Livestock Production with Interntionl Prticiption. Ohrid, Repulic of Mcedoni. Book of Astrcts, 31

6 192 N. Djordjević et l. 11. Koljjić, V., D j o r d j e v i ć, N., G r u i ć, G., H r i s t o v, S., P v l i č ević, A., Jovnović, R., D i n i ć, B. (1997): Uticj ishrne silžom n produktivnost i zdrvstveno stnje životinj. I jugoslovenski međunrodni kongres o stočrstvu. 8-10, 10, Biotehnologij u stočrstvu. 13, 3-4: Koljjić, V., D j o r d j e v i ć, N., G r u i ć, G., A d m o v i ć, M. (2003): The influence of zeolite on the qulity of fresh eet pulp silge. Journl of Agriculturl Sciences. 48, 1: Stnković, J., L k i ć, N., Ljunović -Rlević, I. (1990): Zirk zdtk iz eksperimentlne sttistike. Poljoprivredni fkultet, Beogrd-Zemun. Received Ferury 26, 2004 Accepted Septemer 16, 2004 UTICAJ DODAVANJA MIN-A-ZEL- PLUS I KUKURUZNE PREKRUPE NA KVALITET SILAŽA LUCERKE N. Djordjević, 1 G. Gruić, 1 M. Admović 2 i V. Koljjić 1 R e z i m e U rdu je ispitivn uticj minerlnog dsorent Min-A-Zel- Plus (5g/kg), i kukuruzne prekrupe (25 i 50 g/kg), korišćenih pojedinčno ili u međusonim komincijm n hemijski sstv, iohemijske promene i kvlitet silž lucerke. Sttistički model ogled je io slučjn pln svki tretmn je rđen u tri ponvljnj. N osnovu utvrđenih podtk zključuje se d dodvnjem Min-A-Zel-Plus dolzi do redukcije minogeneze, pri korišćenju kukuruzne prekrupe u čistom vidu ili u kominciji s zeolitom do fvorizovnj mlečnokiselinskog vrenj i postiznj kvlitet silž oljeg z jednu klsu. U cilju postiznj većeg efekt n kvlitet silže preporučuje se kominovnje minerlnih dsorent n zi zeolit s ugljenohidrtnim dodcim. Primljeno 26. ferur Odoreno 16. septemr Dr Nend Djordjević, docent, dr Gorn Gruić, redovni profesor, dr Vilimn Koljjić, redovni profesor, Poljoprivredni fkultet, Institut z stočrstvo, 11081Beogrd-Zemun, Nemnjin 6, Srij i Crn Gor 2 Dr Miln Admović, nučni svetnik, ITNMS, Beogrd, Srij i Crn Gor Rd je finnsirn sredstvim Ministrstv z nuku, tehnologije i rzvoj Repulike Srije, u okviru projekt BTR B.