TREASURE COAST SCIENCE SYLLABUS. Year and teacher contact information COMPLETED BY INDIVIDUAL TEACHER

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1 TREASURE COAST SCIENCE SYLLABUS Chemistry I Year and teacher contact information COMPLETED BY INDIVIDUAL TEACHER Chemistry (Holt 2006) The purpose of this course is to study the composition, properties, and changes associated with matter and their applications. The content should include, but not be limited to the nature of science, matter: its classification, structure, and changes, atomic theory, the periodic table, bonding, chemical formulas, chemical reactions, and balanced equations, stoichiometry, reaction rates and equilibrium, acids and bases, oxidation and reduction, behavior of gases, dynamics of energy, and chemistry of life. Course Goals: To utilize research-based learning strategies Laboratory investigations, which include the use of scientific processes, measurement, laboratory apparatus, and safety procedures, are an integral part of this course Course Requirements: COMPLETED BY INDIVIDUAL TEACHER Assignments: COMPLETED BY INDIVIDUAL TEACHER Tests and Quizzes: COMPLETED BY INDIVIDUAL TEACHER Research Projects: COMPLETED BY INDIVIDUAL TEACHER Grading Plan: COMPLETED BY INDIVIDUAL TEACHER Academic Honesty Plan: Willful or deliberate unauthorized use of the work of another person for academic purposes, or inappropriate use of notes, or other material in the completion of an academic assignment or test is not permitted. In addition to disciplinary responses, the granting of credit for this assignment may be considered null and void. Classroom Expectations: COMPLETED BY INDIVIDUAL TEACHER Personal Statement: COMPLETED BY INDIVIDUAL TEACHER Semester 1 Quarter 1 1

2 Topic of Study: Approaches to Science Define a scientific problem or question based on the specific body of knowledge correlated to the chemistry I science course. Explain the difference between an experiment and other types of scientific investigations. Recognize systematic inference as one form of scientific investigation. Use appropriate reference materials to support scientific investigations of various types, such as systematic observation or experiments. Describe the creative means scientists must use to design an investigation. Explain that science is based on evidence based facts. Differentiate between science and pseudoscience. Develop a hypothesis with one independent variable (tested variable). Distinguish between dependent variables (outcome variable), independent variables (tested variable), controls, and variables that are held constant in a variety of activities. Develop hypotheses and determine what data should be collected to test the hypothesis. Determine tools and methods that should be used to collect valid data. Determine how data will be collected to analyze the data. Determine appropriate and consistent standards of measurement for the data to be collected in a survey or experiment. Collect, organize, and analyze data sets, determine the best format for the data and present visual summaries from the following: bar graphs, line graphs, scatter plots, cumulative frequency graphs. Calculate and determine the % error of the data. Explain why scientific investigations should be replicable. Conduct, discuss, and compare similar investigations by working cooperatively in groups. Collect and organize data in charts, tables, and graphics. Present individual or group data after a scientific investigation, analyze the evidence, and reach a class consensus. Justify conclusions based upon all the available evidence, not on expressed opinions. Distinguish the difference between a scientific law and theory vs. a societal law. Describe the role consensus plays in the historical development of a theory in chemistry. Give examples of how advances in technology have affected scientific theories and laws. Describe the effects of technology on environmental quality. Explain why models are used in science to observe processes that happen too slowly, too quickly, or are too small or vast for direct observation. Give examples of visual/physical, mathematical, and conceptual models as used in science. Describe the limitations and misconceptions perceived by models. Recognize, identify and know how to safely and accurately use lab equipment. (Balance, spatula, beaker, graduated cylinder, Erlenmeyer flask, thermometer, stirring rod, ring stand, ring clamp, test tube, test tube holder, tongs, lab heater or burner, microscope, microscope slide, eye dropper, funnel, meter stick, refractometer or salinity tester). 2

3 Identify the safety equipment in the science lab/classroom (safety shower, fire extinguisher, fire blanket, hood, eye wash, first aid kit, gloves, sharps container, MSDS sheets). Identify and find the following information such as chemical name, hazardous components, health hazards, first aid and emergency procedures using MSDS sheets. Identify protective clothing worn in the lab: safety goggles, aprons, gloves. Recognize that different types of wastes are disposed of in specific ways. Recognize the importance of the lab safety contract and explain why parent and student signatures are required. Distinguish science from other activities involving thought. Explain that scientific knowledge is durable because it is open to change as new evidence or interpretations are encountered. Recognize that scientists who make contributions to scientific knowledge come from all kinds of backgrounds and possess varied talents, interests, and goals. Identify reliable sources of information and assess their reliability according to the strict standards of scientific investigation while conducting research. Describe evidence used to develop and verify the scientific theory of the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe. Compare and contrast the terms that describe examples of scientific knowledge such as: theory, law, hypothesis, and model. Distinguish between a scientific theory and a general claim. Distinguish between laws and theories by understanding that laws describe the what and theories explain the why. Describe the costs and benefits of renewable and nonrenewable resources, such as water, energy, fossil fuels, wildlife, and forests. Critique the impact of individuals on environmental systems and examine how human lifestyles affect sustainability. Topic of Study: Physical and Chemical Properties/ Changes Distinguish between physical and chemical properties. Differentiate between the physical states of matter. Differentiate between physical and chemical changes List and describe several indications that a chemical change has taken place. Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy. Relate chemical potential energy to the heat lost or gained in chemical reactions. Calculate the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance as its temperature changes. Compare and contrast exothermic reactions and endothermic reactions in terms of potential energy and heat of reaction. 3

4 Construct and interpret simple potential energy diagrams, identifying activation energy, and heat of reaction. Explain how no energy transfer is 100% efficient and some energy is always emitted as heat. Interpret a kinetic energy distribution graph at different temperatures. Explain the connection of heat to change in temperature and states of matter. Semester 1 Quarter 2 Topic of Study: Atomic Theory and the Periodic Table Compare and contrast the atomic models of Democritus and Dalton Relate how the current Theory of Atoms (Atomic Theory) came to be in its present form. Describe how the use of molecular clocks can estimate how various groups of organisms evolved from one another long ago. Distinguish between the subatomic particles Describe the role of atomic number in determining the identity of an atom Define an isotope and explain why atomic masses are not whole numbers Investigate allotropes and apply knowledge to the special properties of Carbon Describe the organization of elements on the periodic table Indicate the location of groups, periods, metals, nonmetals, and metalloids Compare the wave and particle models of light Define a quantum of energy and explain how it is related to an energy change of matter Contrast continuous electromagnetic spectra and atomic emission spectra Compare the Bohr and quantum mechanical models of the atom Explain the impact of de Broglie s wave particle duality and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle on the modern view of electrons in atoms Explain the relationships among a hydrogen atom s energy levels, sublevels, and atomic orbitals. Identify and describe the four blocks of the periodic table based on electron configuration Apply the Pauli s exclusion principle, the Aufbau s principle, and Hund s rule to write electron configuration notation. Identify the experimental evidence in existence that underlies our understanding of the nature of the structure of the atom? Discuss the relationships among electromagnetic quantities and technological practical applications involving them. Use the Octet Rule and the position of an element on the periodic table to predict ionic charges. Explain how a vibrating charge produces an electromagnetic wave. Topic of Study: Chemical Bonding and Structure 4

5 Explain that formulas represent the composition and structure of molecules and compounds Differentiate between the various forms of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent and hydrogen. Explain the energy involved in formation and breakdown of chemical bonds. Explain how the use of models enhances our understanding of chemical bonding Describe alloys Describe the properties of the carbon atom that make the diversity of carbon compounds possible. Identify bonding properties of: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes based on chemical formula and structure. Describe the special properties of water. Relate the molecular structure of water molecules to the special properties of water Describe how intermolecular and intermolecular forces relate to the chemical and physical properties of a substance Compare and contrast the similarities and difference among the various states of matter in terms of structure, potential energy and intermolecular forces of attraction. Explain the relationship between heat of Vaporization, Heat of Fusion and strength of intermolecular forces. Semester 2 Quarter 3 Topic of Study: Chemical Reactions and Processes Distinguish between the different types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, and single replacement, double replacement (redox, acid-base, and combustion). Describe the large-scale environmental impacts resulting from human activity, including waste spills, oil spills, runoff, greenhouse gases, ozone depletion, and surface and groundwater pollution. Describe how a mole is used in chemistry. Relate a mole to common counting units. Convert moles to number of representative particles and number of representative particles to moles. Relate the mass of an atom to the mass of a mole of atoms. Calculate the number of moles in a given mass of an element and the mass of a given number of moles of an element. Calculate the number of moles of an element when given the number of atoms of the element. Calculate the number of atoms of an element when given the number of moles of the element. Recognize the mole relationships shown by a chemical formula. 5

6 Calculate the molar mass of a compound. Explain what is meant by the percent composition of a compound. Determine the empirical and molecular formulas for a compound from mass percent and actual mass data. Identify the quantitative relationships in a balanced chemical equation. Describe the process of oxidation and reduction. Given a redox reaction identify half reactions as well as oxidizing and reducing agents. Determine the oxidation number of an element in a compound. Interpret redox reactions in terms of change in oxidation state. Relate changes in oxidation numbers to the transfer of electrons. Explain why matter is conserved in a chemical reaction. Topic of Study: Nuclear Reactions and the Law of Conservation of Energy Compare and contrast the various forms of energy. Explain how different types of energy can be transformed from one form to another. Differentiate how energy the Law of Conservation of energy related to an open, closed and isolated system. Describe the four fundamental forces. Compare and contrast the magnitude and range of the four fundamental forces. Compare and contrast the energy associated with different types of nuclear reactions radioactive decay, fission, fusion. Relate and justify safety issues associated with different types of nuclear reactions - radioactive decay, fission and fusion. Describe the impact of biotechnology on the individual, society and the environment, including medical and ethical issues. Compare and contrast chemical and nuclear reactions. Semester 2 Quarter 4 Topic of Study: Gases Apply the three gas laws to problems involving the pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas. State the relationship among temperature, volume, and pressure as the combined gas law. Apply the combined gas law to problems involving the pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas. 6

7 Relate the amount of gas present to its pressure, temperature, and volume by using the ideal gas law. Compare the properties of real and ideal gases. Use the properties of ideal gases to predict measurable quantities. Topic of Study: Acids and Bases Compare the Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry models of acids and bases Relate the strength of an acid or base to its degree of ionization Compare the strength of a weak acid with the strength of its conjugate base and the strength of a weak base with the strength of its conjugate Explain the meaning of ph and poh Relate ph and poh to the ion product constant for water Calculate the ph and poh of aqueous solutions Compare and contrast the properties and models of acids and bases. Solve ph problems with concentration data. Relate acidity and basicity to hydronium and hydroxide ion concentration and ph. Relate the structure of water to its unique properties that are necessary for life. Describe the evolution of acid base chemistry concepts as our ability to measure hydronium ion concentration has improved. 7