Supplement of Simultaneous shifts in elemental stoichiometry and fatty acids of Emiliania huxleyi in response to environmental changes
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1 Supplement of Biogeosciences, 15, , Author(s) This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Supplement of Simultaneous shifts in elemental stoichiometry and fatty acids of Emiliania huxleyi in response to environmental changes Rong Bi et al. Correspondence to: Meixun Zhao The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC BY 3.0 License.
2 Table S1. Measured dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA), and calculated pco 2 (mean ± SE) at the end of the experiments in the cultures of Emiliania huxleyi. N:P: N:P supply ratios. Outliers in the data of pco 2 were excluded in the table. Treatment DIC TA pco 2 (µmol kg -1 ) (µmol kg -1 ) (µatm) 12 o C Low pco 2 N:P = 10: ± ± ± 35 N:P = 24: ± ± ± 149 N:P = 63: ± ± ± 21 High pco 2 N:P = 10: ± ± ± 14 N:P = 24: ± ± ± 76 N:P = 63: ± ± ± o C Low pco 2 N:P = 10:1 763 ± ± ± 118 N:P = 24:1 885 ± ± ± 84 N:P = 63: ± ± ± 44 High pco 2 N:P = 10: ± ± ± 489 N:P = 24: ± ± ± 330 N:P = 63: ± ± ± o C Low pco 2 N:P = 10:1 785 ± ± ± 256 N:P = 24:1 809 ± ± 11 - N:P = 63: ± ± ± 163 High pco 2 N:P = 10: ± ± ± 406 N:P = 24: ± ± ± 190 N:P = 63: ± ± ± 171 1
3 Table S2. Results of Akaike information criterion corrected (AICc) in GLMMs for the observed maximal growth rate (μ max ), elemental stoichiometry and fatty acid proportions and contents in response to temperature, N:P supply ratios and pco 2 in Emiliania huxleyi. The selected models are shown in bold, the results of which are shown in Table 1. POC: particulate organic carbon; PON: particulate organic nitrogen; POP: particulate organic phosphorus; PIC: particulate inorganic carbon; TFAs: total fatty acids; SFA: saturated fatty acid; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid. Effect builder of main: models containing first order effects of the three factors; effect builder of main, two way: models containing first order effects and second order interactions of the three factors; effect builder of main, two way and three way: models containing first order effects, second and third order interactions of the three factors. Variable Effect builder AICc μ max Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main POC (pg cell -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main POC (μg ml -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main POC production (pg cell -1 d -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main PON (pg cell -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main POP (pg cell -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way
4 Main PIC (pg cell -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main PIC (μg ml -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main PIC production (pg cell -1 d -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main POC:PON (mol mol -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main POC:POP (mmol mol -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main PON:POP (mol mol -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main PIC:POC Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main SFA proportion (% of TFAs) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main MUFA proportion (% of TFAs) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main PUFA proportion (% of TFAs) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main DHA proportion (% of TFAs) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main TFA content (μg mg -1 C -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main SFA content (μg mg -1 C -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main MUFA content (μg mg -1 C -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way
5 Main PUFA content (μg mg -1 C -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main DHA content (μg mg -1 C -1 ) Main, two way and three way Main, two way Main
6 Table S3. The nature (synergism or antagonism) and magnitude (the difference between observed combined effect and predicted additive effect) of the observed interactive effects of warming, N and P deficiency (-N and -P), and enhanced pco 2 (HCO 2 ) on cellular contents of particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), particulate organic phosphorus (POP) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), and proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in Emiliania huxleyi. TFAs: total fatty acids. Interaction Variable Treatment Nature Magnitude ± SE n POC (pg cell -1 ) Warming -N Synergism ± Warming -P Synergism ± PON (pg cell -1 ) Warming -N Synergism ± Warming -P Synergism ± POP (pg cell -1 ) Warming -N Synergism ± Warming -P Synergism ± Warming HCO 2 Synergism ± PIC (pg cell -1 ) Warming -N Antagonism ± Warming -P Synergism ± Warming HCO 2 Synergism ± SFAs (% of TFAs) -N HCO 2 Synergism ± P HCO 2 Synergism ± DHA (% of TFAs) Warming -N Synergism ± Warming -P Synergism ± Warming HCO 2 Synergism ±
7 Table S4. Fatty acid profiles of Emiliania huxleyi under three temperatures (12, 18 and 24 o C), three N:P supply ratios (molar ratios 10:1, 24:1 and 63:1) and two pco 2 levels (560 and 2400 μatm). Data are expressed as fatty acid contents (µg mg C -1 ) and percentages of total fatty acids (% of TFAs) (mean ± SE). SFAs, saturated fatty acids; MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; TFAs, total fatty acids. 12 o C Low pco 2 High pco 2 N:P = 10:1 N:P = 24:1 N:P = 63:1 N:P = 10:1 N:P = 24:1 N:P = 63:1 Content % Content % Content % Content % Content % Content % 14:0 31 ± 1 19 ± 1 26 ± 4 20 ± 0 23 ± 3 16 ± 1 22 ± 0 17 ± 1 24 ± 1 20 ± 2 12 ± 0 15 ± 0 16:0 11 ± 0 7 ± 0 10 ± 2 7 ± 0 9 ± 2 6 ± 0 11 ± 2 8 ± 0 9 ± 2 8 ± 1 4 ± 0 5 ± 0 16:1n-7 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 18:0 3 ± 0 2 ± 0 4 ± 1 3 ± 0 6 ± 2 4 ± 1 6 ± 2 4 ± 1 4 ± 2 3 ± 1 2 ± 0 2 ± 0 18:1n-9 33 ± 1 20 ± 0 27 ± 4 20 ± 0 25 ± 3 17 ± 1 23 ± 1 18 ± 1 22 ± 2 19 ± 0 11 ± 0 13 ± 0 18:1n-7 6 ± 0 3 ± 0 5 ± 1 4 ± 0 7 ± 1 5 ± 0 5 ± 0 4 ± 0 5 ± 0 4 ± 0 4 ± 0 4 ± 0 18:2n-6 9 ± 0 5 ± 0 7 ± 1 6 ± 0 5 ± 1 4 ± 0 5 ± 0 4 ± 0 5 ± 1 5 ± 0 2 ± 0 3 ± 0 18:3n-6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 18:3n-3 11 ± 1 7 ± 0 8 ± 1 6 ± 0 10 ± 2 7 ± 0 9 ± 1 7 ± 0 7 ± 1 6 ± 0 6 ± 0 7 ± 0 18:4n-3 7 ± 0 4 ± 0 5 ± 1 4 ± 0 6 ± 1 4 ± 0 6 ± 1 4 ± 0 5 ± 1 4 ± 0 4 ± 0 5 ± 0 20:2n-6 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 20:3n-6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 1 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 22:0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 6
8 :5n-3 2 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 23:0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 1 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 24:0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 22:5n-3, 24:1n-9 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 1 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 22:6n-3 29 ± 2 18 ± 1 23 ± 4 17 ± 1 33 ± 7 22 ± 2 26 ± 3 20 ± 1 20 ± 3 17 ± 1 22 ± 1 27 ± 0 Unidentified 14 ± 1 9 ± 0 10 ± 2 7 ± 0 12 ± 3 8 ± 1 10 ± 1 7 ± 0 9 ± 1 7 ± 0 10 ± 0 12 ± 0 SFAs a 47 ± 0 29 ± 1 43 ± 7 32 ± 1 41 ± 6 28 ± 1 41 ± 5 32 ± 1 38 ± 5 32 ± 1 20 ± 1 24 ± 1 MUFAs b 41 ± 1 26 ± 0 35 ± 5 26 ± 0 35 ± 4 25 ± 1 30 ± 1 23 ± 1 30 ± 4 25 ± 1 16 ± 0 20 ± 0 PUFAs c 59 ± 4 37 ± 1 47 ± 8 35 ± 1 58 ± ± 1 49 ± 5 38 ± 1 41 ± 5 35 ± 1 36 ± 1 44 ± 1 TFAs d 162 ± ± ± ± ± ± 2 a also includes 20:0 present at < 0.5% of TFAs in all treatments. b also includes 14:1, 20:1n-9 and 22:1n-9 present at < 0.5% of TFAs in all treatments. c also includes 16:3n-4, 20:4n-6, 20:3n-3, 20:4n-3, 22:2n-6 present at < 0.5% of TFAs in all treatments. d also includes the unidentified FA component. 7
9 79 Table S4. Continued. 18 o C Low pco 2 High pco 2 N:P = 10:1 N:P = 24:1 N:P = 63:1 N:P = 10:1 N:P = 24:1 N:P = 63:1 Content % Content % Content % Content % Content % Content % 14:0 27 ± 2 18 ± 1 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 21 ± 0 15 ± 1 32 ± 3 18 ± 1 20 ± 3 18 ± 1 16 ± 0 16 ± 0 16:0 9 ± 0 6 ± 0 5 ± 0 5± 0 7 ± 0 5 ± 0 12 ± 1 7 ± 0 8 ± 2 7 ± 0 6 ± 0 6 ± 0 16:1n-7 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 18:0 2 ± 0 2 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 0 2 ± 0 3 ± 0 2 ± 0 3 ± 1 3 ± 0 2 ± 0 2 ± 0 18:1n-9 23 ± 1 15 ± 0 12 ± 0 13 ± 0 16 ± 0 11 ± 0 31 ± 2 17 ± 1 17 ± 3 16 ± 1 15 ± 0 15 ± 0 18:1n-7 6 ± 0 4 ± 0 3 ± 0 3 ± 0 6 ± 0 4 ± 0 6 ± 0 4 ± 0 4 ± 1 4 ± 0 4 ± 0 4 ± 0 18:2n-6 4 ± 0 3 ± 0 3 ± 0 3 ± 0 3 ± 0 2 ± 0 5 ± 0 3 ± 0 4 ± 1 4 ± 0 3 ± 0 2 ± 0 18:3n-6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 18:3n-3 10 ± 0 7 ± 0 8 ± 0 8 ± 0 10 ± 0 7 ± 0 12 ± 0 7 ± 0 7 ± 1 6 ± 0 8 ± 0 8 ± 0 18:4n-3 10 ± 0 7 ± 0 8 ± 0 8 ± 0 10 ± 0 7 ± 0 10 ± 1 6 ± 0 7 ± 1 6 ± 0 6 ± 0 6 ± 0 20:2n-6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 20:3n-6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 22:0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 20:5n-3 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 23:0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 24:0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 22:5n-3, 24:1n-9 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 22:6n-3 40 ± 2 26 ± 1 25 ± 1 26 ± 0 40 ± 3 29 ± 1 42 ± 1 25 ± 1 25 ± 5 23 ± 2 27 ± 1 26 ± 1 Unidentified 13 ± 1 9 ± 0 11 ± 0 11 ± 0 16 ± 1 12 ± 0 13 ± 0 8 ± 0 9 ± 2 8 ± 0 10 ± 0 10 ± 0 8
10 SFAs a 41 ± 2 27 ± 1 24 ± 1 25 ± 0 32 ± 0 23 ± 1 49 ± 4 28 ± 1 33 ± 5 29 ± 1 26 ± 1 25 ± 1 MUFAs b 32 ± 1 21 ± 0 17 ± 0 18 ± 0 25 ± 1 18 ± 0 40 ± 2 23 ± 0 24 ± 4 22 ± 1 22 ± 0 22 ± 0 PUFAs c 67 ± 2 44 ± 1 45 ± 1 47 ± 0 67 ± 4 48 ± 1 73 ± 0 42 ± 2 46 ± 9 41 ± 2 45 ± 1 44 ± 1 TFAs d 153 ± 6 97 ± ± ± ± ±
11 100 Table S4. Continued. 24 o C Low pco 2 High pco 2 N:P = 10:1 N:P = 24:1 N:P = 63:1 N:P = 10:1 N:P = 24:1 N:P = 63:1 Content % Content % Content % Content % Content % Content % 14:0 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 15 ± 0 18 ± 1 23 ± 3 18 ± 1 18 ± 0 19 ± 1 7 ± 2 16 ± 1 12 ± 1 14 ± 0 16:0 7 ± 0 7 ± 0 6 ± 1 7 ± 0 10 ± 1 8 ± 1 8 ± 0 8 ± 1 4 ± 1 10 ± 1 7 ± 1 8 ± 0 16:1n-7 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 18:0 2 ± 0 2 ± 0 2 ± 1 3 ± 1 4 ± 1 3 ± 1 2 ± 0 2 ± 1 3 ± 0 7 ± 1 3 ± 1 4 ± 1 18:1n-9 11 ± 0 11 ± 0 7 ± 0 8 ± 0 11 ± 1 8 ± 0 12 ± 0 13 ± 0 5 ± 1 11 ± 1 8 ± 0 10 ± 0 18:1n-7 4 ± 0 3 ± 0 3 ± 0 3 ± 0 8 ± 1 7 ± 0 4 ± 0 4 ± 0 2 ± 1 5 ± 0 7 ± 0 8 ± 0 18:2n-6 3 ± 0 3 ± 0 4 ± 0 5 ± 0 5 ± 0 4 ± 0 3 ± 0 3 ± 0 2 ± 1 4 ± 0 3 ± 0 4 ± 0 18:3n-6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 1 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 18:3n-3 6 ± 0 6 ± 0 4 ± 0 6 ± 0 6 ± 1 5 ± 0 5 ± 0 5 ± 0 2 ± 1 4 ± 0 4 ± 0 5 ± 0 18:4n-3 10 ± 1 10 ± 1 10 ± 1 12 ± 0 11 ± 1 9 ± 0 8 ± 1 9 ± 0 4 ± 1 8 ± 1 7 ± 1 8 ± 0 20:2n-6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 20:3n-6 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 22:0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 1 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 20:5n-3 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 23:0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 1 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 24:0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 2 ± 1 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 22:5n-3, 24:1n-9 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 1 ± 0 1 ± 0 22:6n-3 30 ± 1 30 ± 0 21 ± 2 26 ± 1 31 ± 4 25 ± 1 23 ± 4 25 ± 2 8 ± 3 17 ± 3 21 ± 1 25 ± 1 Unidentified 6 ± 0 6 ± 0 4 ± 0 5 ± 0 9 ± 1 7 ± 0 5 ± 1 5 ± 0 2 ± 1 4 ± 0 6 ± 0 7 ± 0 10
12 SFAs a 27 ± 1 27 ± 0 25 ± 2 30 ± 1 39 ± 3 31 ± 2 30 ± 0 32 ± 2 16 ± 2 39 ± 4 24 ± 2 29 ± 1 MUFAs b 16 ± 0 16 ± 0 11 ± 1 13 ± 0 21 ± 2 17 ± 0 17 ± 1 19 ± 0 8 ± 2 18 ± 1 17 ± 1 21 ± 1 PUFAs c 51 ± 1 51 ± 0 42 ± 4 51 ± 1 56 ± 7 45 ± 1 41 ± 5 44 ± 2 17 ± 5 39 ± 3 36 ± 2 43 ± 0 TFAs d 100 ± 1 81 ± ± ± 6 42 ± 9 82 ± 5 11
13 Table S5. Results of the selected GLMMs testing for the effects of temperature, N:P supply ratios and pco 2 on population yield and production of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), and fatty acid contents in Emiliania huxleyi. Significant p values are shown in bold. T: temperature; N:P: N:P supply ratio; TFA: total fatty acid; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid. Variable Factor Coefficienct ± SE t p POC population yield (μg ml -1 ) Intercept ± <0.001 T ± pco 2 <0.001 ± < N:P ± POC production (pg cell -1 d -1 ) Intercept ± T ± <0.001 pco 2 <0.001 ± < N:P ± <0.001 PIC population yield (μg ml -1 ) Intercept ± <0.001 T ± <0.001 pco ± < <0.001 N:P ± PIC production (pg cell -1 d -1 ) Intercept ± <0.001 T ± <0.001 pco 2 <0.001 ± < <0.001 N:P ± <0.001 TFA content (μg mg -1 C -1 ) Intercept ± < T ± <0.001 pco ± N:P ± SFA content (μg mg -1 C -1 ) Intercept ± <0.001 T ± <0.001 pco ± N:P ± MUFA content (μg mg -1 C -1 ) Intercept ± <0.001 T ± <0.001 pco ± N:P ± PUFA content (μg mg -1 C -1 ) Intercept ± <
14 T ± pco ± N:P ± DHA content (μg mg -1 C -1 ) Intercept ± <0.001 T ± pco ± N:P ±
15 Table S6. The changes in cellular elemental contents (as pg cell -1 ), population yield and production of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) (as μg ml -1 and pg cell -1 d -1, respectively), elemental molar ratios, and the proportions and contents of major fatty acid groups and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (as % of total fatty acids and μg mg C -1, respectively) in response to warming, N and P deficiency and enhanced pco 2 in Emiliania huxleyi. Here, only significant changes are shown based on GLMM results in Table 1 and Table S5. Red and blue arrows indicate a mean percent increase and decrease in a given response, respectively. SFAs, saturated fatty acids; MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids. 14
16 15
17 Fig. S1 Fig. S1 Time course of ph (mean ± SE) under three temperature, three N:P supply ratios and two target pco 2 levels (low CO 2 : 560 μatm; high CO 2 : 2400 μatm) in the semi-continuous cultures of Emiliania huxleyi. 16
18 Fig. S2 Fig. S2 Responses of the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (mean ± SE) to N:P supply ratios and pco 2 in Emiliania huxleyi. 17
19 Fig. S3 Fig. S3 Responses of (a, d) cellular contents of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), (b, e) PIC population yield (μg ml -1 ) and (c, f) PIC production (pg cell -1 d -1 ) (mean ± SE) to temperature, N:P supply ratios and pco 2 in Emiliania huxleyi. For cellular PIC content, the selected model contains the first order effects and second order interactions of the three environmental factors, while those for PIC population yield and production contain only the first order effects. The results of AICc are shown in Table S2. 18
20 Fig. S4 Fig. S4 Responses of (a, d) cellular contents of particulate organic carbon (POC), (b, e) POC population yield and (c, f) POC production (mean ± SE) to temperature, N:P supply ratios and pco 2 in Emiliania huxleyi. For cellular POC content, the selected model contains the first order effects and second order interactions of the three environmental factors, while those for POC population yield and production contain only the first order effects. The results of AICc are shown in Table S2. 19
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