Summer Assignment Part 2

Transcription

1 Summer Assignment Part 2 Name: 1. Metric Conversions. Remember 1 cm 3 = 1 ml 1 L = 1 dm 3 ITEM GIVEN METRIC UNIT DESIRED METRIC UNIT A 8.43 cm mm B 2.41 x 10 2 cm m C nm cm D x 10 4 m km E 708 ml L F x 10-7 L nl G cm 3 L H 3.45 x L cm 3 I 7.60 x µg g J kg mg 2. Would you expect the following atoms to gain or lose electrons when forming ions? What ion is most likely in each case? ITEM ELEMENT GAIN OR LOSE ION FORMED A B C D E F Ra In P Te Br Rb

2 3. Chemical Nomenclature: ITEM CHEMICAL FORMULA CHEMICAL NAME A NaBr B CaS C AlI 3 D E F G Hg 2 O Strontium fluoride Potassium nitride Magnesium phosphide H FeBr 3 I CoS J TiCl 4 K L M N Tin (II) nitride Cobalt (III) iodide Mercury (II) oxide Chromium (VI) sulfide O BaSO 3 P NaNO 2 Q KMnO 4 R K 2 Cr 2 O 7 S T U V Chromium (III) hydroxide Magnesium cyanide Lead (IV) carbonate Ammonium acetate W N 2 O 4 X ICl 3 Y SO 2 Z P 2 S 5 AA BB CC DD Diboron trioxide Arsenic pentafluoride Dinitrogen monoxide Sulfur hexachloride EE HC 2 H 3 O 2 FF H 3 PO 3

3 GG HH HCl Hydrofluoric acid 4. Chemical Reactions Balance the following reactions. a. Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) reacts with oxygen gas to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor. b. Solid iron (III) sulfide reacts with gaseous hydrogen chloride to form solid iron (III) chloride and hydrogen sulfide gas. c. Carbon disulfide liquid reacts with ammonia gas to produce hydrogen sulfide gas and solid ammonium thiocyanate (NH 4 SCN). d. Aqueous solutions of lead (II) nitrate and sodium phosphate are mixed resulting in the precipitate formation of lead (II) phosphate and aqueous sodium nitrate as the other product. e. Solid zinc reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to form aqueous zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.

4 f. Aqueous calcium hydroxide is neutralized by aqueous phosphoric acid to produce solid calcium phosphate and water. 5. Chemical Calculations You must show the work (on a separate sheet of paper) that leads to your answer to receive credit. Write your answers in the blanks to the left of the question. Remember that 1 mole element = x atoms 1 mole compound = x molecules or formula units Molecules refer to covalent compounds while formula units refer to ionic compounds (mathematically they mean the same thing) A. Bauxite, the principle ore used in the production of aluminum, has the molecular formula of Al 2 O 3 2H 2 O (aluminum oxide dihydrate). (i) What is the molar mass of bauxite? (ii) What is the mass of aluminum in mol bauxite? (iii) How many atoms of aluminum are in mol bauxite? (iv) What is the mass of 2.10 x formula units of bauxite? B. Chloral hydrate (C 2 H 3 Cl 3 O 2 ) is a drug formerly used as a sedative and hypnotic. It is the compound used to make Mickey Finns in detective stories (OK VERY OLD detective stories). (i) Calculate the molar mass of chloral hydrate. (ii) How many moles of chloral hydrate molecules are in g of chloral hydrate? (iii) What is the mass in grams of 2.00 x 10-2 mol chloral hydrate? (iv) What number of chlorine atoms are in 5.00 g chloral hydrate? (v) What mass of chloral hydrate would contain 1.00 g Cl?

5 (vi) What is the mass of exactly 500 molecules of chloral hydrate? 6. Stoichiometry the simple ones I think. Show your work on a separate sheet of paper but write the answer in the blank to the left of the question. Remember the equation must be balanced. A. The reaction between potassium chlorate and red phosphorus (P 4 ) takes place when you strike a match on a matchbox. The products are tetraphosphorus decaoxide and potassium chloride. Answer the following questions using this reaction. (i) Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. (ii) What mass of tetraphosphorus decaoxide is formed when 52.9 g of potassium chlorate reacts with an excess of red phosphorus? (iii) If the reaction produces 32.5 grams of tetraphosphorus decaoxide, what is the percent yield? B. Phosphorus (P 4 ) can be prepared from calcium phosphate by the following reaction: Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + SiO 2 + C CaSiO 3 + P 4 + CO (i) Balance the equation. [Hint: start with phosphorus] Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + SiO 2 + C CaSiO 3 + P 4 + CO (ii) How many grams of carbon is needed to react with 73.5 mg of silicon dioxide? (iii) Phosphorite is a mineral that contains Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 plus other non-phosphorus containing compounds. What is the maximum amount of P 4 that can be produced from 1.00 kg of phosphorite if the phosphorite sample is 75% calcium phosphate by mass? Assume an excess of the other reactants.

6 Polyatomic Ions Arranged by Charge MUST Memorize ALL the Ions +1-2 Ammonium (NH 4 ) +1-1 Acetate (C 2 H 3 O 2 ) -1 Chlorate (ClO 3 ) -1 Chlorite (ClO 2 ) -1 Cyanide (CN) -1 Hydrogen carbonate (HCO 3 ) -1 Hydrogen sulfate (HSO 4 ) -1 Hydroxide (OH) -1 Hypochlorite (ClO) -1 Iodate (IO 3 ) -1 Nitrate (NO 3 ) -1 Nitrite (NO 2 ) -1 Perchlorate (ClO 4 ) -1 Permanganate (MnO 4 ) -1 Thiocyanate (SCN) -1 Carbonate (CO 3 ) -2 Chromate (CrO 4 ) -2 Dichromate (Cr 2 O 7 ) -2 Oxalate (C 2 O 4 ) -2 Sulfate (SO 4 ) -2 Sulfite (SO 3 ) -2 Thiosulfate (S 2 O 3 ) -2-3 Arsenate (AsO 4 ) -3 Phosphate (PO 4 ) -3 Phosphite (PO 3 ) -3