Proposal Transmittal Information

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1 Proposal Transmittal Information Sponsored Programs Fort Collins, CO Phone: (970) Fax: (970) Date: November 1, 2012 To: Richard Reardon National Program Manager Biological Control Via Colorado State University submits the proposal entitled Russian Knapweed Biocontrol: Propagation, Establishment and Monitoring of Jaapiella ivannikovi, the Russian Knapweed Gall Midge. Paul Ode is CSU s Principal Investigator. When submitted under cover of this letter, the referenced proposal has gone through the University s standard review process. Project Period: 5/1/2013 to 4/30/2016 Budget: $99,947 Person to be contacted for administrative or contractual matters or arrangements: Marilyn Morrissey, Senior Research Administrator Colorado State University Office of Sponsored Programs 2002 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, CO Phone: (970) Fax: (970) Marilyn.morrissey@colostate.edu Person to be contacted for clarification of proposal or transmittal letter information: Thank you, Chris Carsten, Research Administrator Colorado State University Office of Sponsored Programs Phone: (970) chris.carsten@colostate.edu xc: Paul Ode, Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, 1177

2 ProjectTitle:Russianknapweedbiocontrol:propagation,establishmentandmonitoringof Jaapiellaivannikovi,theRussianknapweedgallmidge. PrincipleInvestigators:PaulOde,ColoradoStateUniversity,DepartmentofBioagricultural SciencesandPestManagement,CampusDelivery1177,FortCollins,CO , Agriculture,PalisadeInsectary, Rd.,Palisade,CO81507,(970) (phone), (970) (fax) Cooperator:TomEager,USDAForestService,ForestHealthServiceCenter,216N.Colorado, Gunnison,CO81230, (tel) Contact:ElizabethHebertson,USDAForestService FPH,OgdenFieldOffice,4746S.1900E., Ogden,UT84403 AmountRequested:Year1(2013)$39,542,Year2(2014)$41,094,Year3(2015)$19,311, Total$99,947 MatchingFunds:$87,792 ProjectGoalsandSupportingObjectives Therearethreemainquestionsthatneedtobeaddressedatthisstageofimplementationof JaapiellaivannikoviasabiocontrolagentforRussianknapweed.Thisproposalisdesignedto helpanswerthesequestions,whichwillenabletheincorporationofbiocontrolintothe managementofrussianknapweed. 1. HowcanwemosteffectivelypropagateJ.ivannikovitomeettheneedsofwesternweed managers?ourgoalistoincreaseproductionofrussianknapweedgallmidgesfor distributiontoweedmanagers.weneedtoproduceapproximately10,000gallsper yeartosupplycoloradoaloneandthiswillbeongoingforanother5 10yearsinorderto establishthefliesinalllocationswhererussianknapweedisaproblem.currently,we areabletoproduceonly1,500to1,800gallsperyear.onepossibleexplanationfor theseinsufficientnumbersmaybethatweareproducingandreleasingj.ivannikoviata suboptimaltimeoftheyear.ourobjectiveistoincreaseshootformationonknapweed plantsingreenhouseandgardensettings,whichwillenableincreasedgallformation. ThisobjectiveincludesbettertimingofgallformationwithrespecttoRussianknapweed conditionatfieldmonitoringsites.theproposedworkwillenableustoexpandgall productionandtotesttwohypotheseswehaveregardingthetimingofgallreleaseand theprobabilityoffieldestablishment.oneisthatbymowingknapweedstandsand stimulatingshootgrowthwecanachieveasignificantlyhigherestablishmentrate.the otherhypothesisisthatwecanachieveestablishmentbyintroducingflieslateinthe 1

3 season,intheoverwinteringstage,whichwillallowthemtoemergeinthespringand ovipositonthefirstnewshoots. 2. Whatreleasemethodswillensurethehighestlikelihoodofestablishingself sustaining fieldpopulations?ourgoalistooptimizethetimingofgallreleaseandtotesttheuse ofrussianknapweedmowingtostimulateshootformation,providingsitesforgall midgeoviposition.themidgescanonlyhitgrowingshoottipssoitisimportanttoget themoutwhentheovipositiontargetisavailable.wewillcomparethreeapproaches forgallreleases.first,wehavebeeninstructinglandownersandweedmanagersto releaseearlyintheseasonbutthatiswhenwehavethefewestgallsfordistribution. Second,wehaveinstructedlandownerstomowpatchesofknapweedinaneffortto stimulatenewgrowthpriortogallrelease.asathirdapproach,wehavemadeafew releaseinthefallwiththeideaofhavingoverwinteringgallmidgesemergeinthespring whenplantsaremostsusceptibletoattack.basedontheanalysesofdatawecollect fromthesethreereleasemethods,wewillusethisinformationtoarriveatasetof recommendationsforgallmidgereleasetechniquesthatmaximizeestablishment success. 3. WhatimpactcanweexpectofJ.ivannikovionRussianknapweed?Ourgoalisto quantifytheimpactofthegallmidgeonrussianknapweedinfestations.thebiggest questionthatweedmanagershaveissimplywhatcanweexpectfromtheseagents? Thisagenthaspromisebutitisverylikelythattheimpact(s)willbesubtlerthanthoseof afoliageorrootfeeder.ourobjectiveistoestablishalargenetworkoffieldmonitoring sites.thenetworkoffieldmonitoringsiteswillenableustoanswerquestions concerningagentimpact.havingalargenumberoffieldmonitoringsiteswillalsoallow usfollowupinsubsequentyearswithreleasesofadditionalagents,astheybecome available,andtomeasuretheimpactoftwoormoreagentsonarussianknapweed stand. ProjectJustificationandUrgency Russianknapweed,Rhaponticum(=Acroptilon)repens(L.)Hidalgoisanexoticweedthathas spreadthroughmuchofthewesternusandisawidespreadweedthroughoutforestservice lands.itisalong livedperennialwithanextensiverootsystemandisdamagingtocroplands, rangelandsandripariancorridors.long termconsumptionofthisspeciesbyhorses(and possiblyotherlivestock)isknowntocausesymptomsresemblinghumanparkinson sdisease (Changetal.2012).RussianknapweedwasfirstintroducedintoNorthAmericaabout120 yearsagoandhasspreadtooccupyhundredsofthousandsofacres.russianknapweedgrows almosttwiceasdenselyinwesternnorthamericacomparedtoinuzbekistanwhereitisnative (Callawayetal.2012),possiblyasaresultofstrongcompetitiveandallelopathiceffectson NorthAmericannatives(Grantetal.2003,Nietal.2010).Althoughthereareefficacious 2

4 chemicalcontrolmethodsavailable,theloweconomicvalueofmuchofthelandcurrently infestedbyrussianknapweedhasmadelarge scalechemicalcontrolunfeasible.thissituation istheperfectsettingforbiologicalcontrol.russianknapweedhasfewnaturalenemiesin NorthAmerica(Callawayetal.2012),isamajorandexpandingpestproblemandothercontrol methodsarenotsufficienttosuppressit.thusfartherearenoeffectivebiocontrolagentsfor Russianknapweedbutwehaveonepromisingagentthathasbeenrecentlyintroducedintothe field(fig.3)andseveralthatmayfollow. Jaapiellaivannikoviisahost specificgall formingmidge(diptera:cecidomyiidae)that feedsintheshoottipsofrussianknapweedandoneknapweedinthegenuscentaurea (Schaffneretal.2006).Thelarvaecausetheshoottipstoceaseelongatingandtoformagall (Fig.1)composedoflayersofunopenedleaves(Fig.2).Upto30larvaemaylivewithinalarge gall.shoottipsstopgrowing,floweringrarelyoccurs,andseedproductionislargelyeliminated whenplantsareheavilyinfestedbythemidge(djamankulovaetal.2008).theseimpactscould makethemidgesusefulinrussianknapweedcontrol.firsttheywilldecreasethevigorof existingstandsofknapweed.secondtheywilldecreaseseedproduction.althoughrussian knapweedhasanextensiveandlonglivedrootsystem,seedpropagationisrequiredforspread beyondexistingstandsoftheweedandcuttingintoseedproductionwillhelpcontainspreadof theplant. Approach Theapproachisdividedintothethreeprojectgoals.Inmostcasestheprojectwillbecarried outforthreeyearswithverysimilarapproachesandgoals.changesinapproachesmayoccur asweobtaininformationfromyeartoyearbutthegoalswillremainthesame. 1. IncreaseproductionofRussianknapweedgallmidgesfordistributiontoweed managers.thiswilloccurinthepalisadeinsectarygardenandinthegreenhouses.the gardenhasapproximately3,000squaremetersplantedinrussianknapweedorinthe processofbeingplanted.thegardenwillbesubdividedinto60plotsof50square meterseach.wehavenotedthesepasttwoyearsthatcuttingknapweedstimulates shootgrowthandincreasesgallproduction.wewillmow6plotsdowntostubbleof approximately5cmtall,every3weeks.thiswillbeginonmay15andgountil September18.Wewillcountthenumberofgallsformedonallplotsandthetimingof theirformation.thiswillprovideinformationontheinfluenceofcuttingongall formationaswellasplantphenology(growth,flowering).wewillgrowrussian knapweedinthegreenhouseandmeasuregallformation.wewilldeterminethetiming andnumbersfortheinoculationoffreshrussianknapweedplantswithgallflies.we willdeterminethebesttimingforrussianknapweedgrowthinordertoproducegalls whenneeded(midtolatespring). 3

5 2. OptimizethetimingofgallreleaseandtotesttheuseofRussianknapweedmowingto stimulateshootformation,providingsitesforgallmidgeoviposition.wewilllocateat least100releasesitesforthegallmidge.thiswillbeeasierthanitappearssincethere isamajordemandfortheagentsandlandownersarebecomingmoreawareofthem anddemandisincreasingfarfasterthansupply.at30siteswewilldoasingleor multiplereleasesearlyintheseason,within1monthofthegreeningofknapweedbuds asthenemergefromthesoil(offoftherootsystem).wewillreleaseat40sitesafter knapweedhadenteredthefloweringstate(flowerbudsfullyformedorinbloom).and wewillreleaselateintheseason,afterplantsbegintosenesce.inthecaseswhere releasesaremadeduringmid seasonwewillasklandownerstomowknapweednear thereleasespot.thiswillstimulatenewgrowthandperhapsenablemid season establishment. 3. WhatimpactcanweexpectofJ.ivannikovionRussianknapweed?Wewillestablish70 monitoringsitesforrussianknapweedgallmidges,someofwhichareindicatedin figure3.wewillspreadthemovertherangeofmajorrussianknapweedinfestationsin Colorado.Thiswillincludeapproximately25sitesintheArkansasRiverbasin,15sitesin thesanluisvalleyoftheriograndeand30sitesoncolorado swesternslope (drainagesofthecoloradoriverandtributaries)and15sitesineasternutah.wewill setupsitesusingarangelandweedsmonitoringprotocolthatmeasuresstemdensityof thetargetweednearthereleasepointaswellastargetweeddensitieswithinahectare surroundthereleasepoint.theprotocolalsoincludesmeasurementsofotherplant densitiesintheplotincludingnativeandintroducedspecies. ExpectedProductsandOutcomes Weexpecttohavegoodprotocolstoenableus(orothers)torearlargenumbersofJ.ivannikovi gallsinanopengardenorgreenhousesetting.forusweexpecttobeabletoproduce5,000 10,000gallsperseasonandweexpectthatthetimingofgallmaturationshouldfitknapweed phenologyinthefield.weexpecttohaverecommendationsfortheestablishmentofgallsat fieldsites.weexpecttoknowifitisfeasibletousediapausinggallmidgesforlateseason releases.wewillhaveinformationontheinitialimpactsofgallmidgesonrussianknapweed fieldsites.thiswillincludegallpopulations,russianknapweeddensitiesandpotentialrecovery ofothervegetation.weexpecttobeabletousethisinformationaspartofarussian knapweedmanagementplan. 4

6 Figure1.RussianknapweedgallsformedbyJ.ivannikovi. Figure2.ARussianknapweedgallmidgelarvawithintheleavesthatmakeupthegall structure.thegallmidgelarvaeisapproximately2mmlong(see2mmarrowforscale) Figure3.GallmidgereleasesitesinColorado,

7 Timetable: Year1(2013)EstablishfieldmonitoringsitesinColoradoandUtah,beginproductionofgallsin Palisadeinsectarygreenhouses,mowRussianknapweedgardenatregularintervals(in50 sq.meterplots)andmeasuregallformationonregrowingstems,releasegallsatasmany sitesaspermittedbysupplies,doalateseasonreleaseofgallstotesthypothesisthatthe overwinteringstageisthebestforrelease. Year2(2014)Monitorsitesforestablishmentofthemidge,Russianknapweedstemdensity, andplantcommunitycomposition(nativeandintroduced).continuetoharvestandrelease gallsfromtheinsectarygardenandgreenhouses. Year3(2015)Monitorsitesformidgeestablishment,stemdensityandplantcommunity composition.evaluatesitesforestablishment.evaluatereleasetechniquesandcorrelation withestablishment.compileinformationforusebylandownersandbiocontrol practitioners.duringthefinalyearwewillcontinuetoreleasemidgesbutnotatthesites usedforevaluationofreleasetechniquessinceweneedtodetermineifestablishmentand overwinteringhaveoccurredfromreleasesmadein LiteratureCited: CallawayRM,SchaffnerU,ThelenGC,KhamraevA,JuginisovT,MaronJL.2012.Impactof Acroptilonrepensonco occuringnativeplantsisgreaterintheinvader snon nativerange. BiologicalInvasions14: ChangHT,RumbeihaWK,PattersonJS,PuschnerB,KnightAP.2012.Toxicequine Parkinsonism:animmunohistochemicalstudyof10horseswithnigropallidal encephalomalacia.veterinarypathology49: DjamankulovaG,KhamraevA,SchaffnerU.2008.Impactoftwoshoot gallingbiological controlcandidatesonrussianknapweed,acroptilonrepens.biologicalcontrol46: GrantDW,PetersDPC,BeckGK,FraleighHD.2003.Influenceofanexoticspecies,Acroptilon repens(l.)dconemergenceandgrowthofnativegrasses.plantecology166: NiG,SchaffnerU,PengS,CallawayRM.2010.Acroptilonrepens,anAsianinvader,has strongercompetitiveeffectsonspeciesfromamericathanspeciesfromitsnativerange. BiologicalInvasions12: SchaffnerU,SobhianR,HarrisL,GrosskopfG.2006.InvestigationsonPotentialBiocontrol AgentsofRussianKnapweed,Acroptilonrepens(L.)DC.AnnualReport2005,CABI Bioscience,Delémont,Switzerland. 6

8 PaulOde Contact: ColoradoStateUniversity,DepartmentofBioagriculturalSciencesandPestManagement, CampusDelivery1177,FortCollins,CO Tel: ;e Education: PhD1994,MS1990,UniversityofWisconsin Madison,Entomology BA1986,EarlhamCollege,Biology UniversityofCalifornia Davis Entomology ArizonaStateUniversity Zoology LeidenUniversity(TheNetherlands) EvolutionandEcology TexasA&MUniversity Entomology USDA ARSBIRL(Newark,DE) Entomology Appointments: 2011AssociateProfessor,Dept.Bioag.Sci.PestManagement,ColoradoStateUniversity 2008AssistantProfessor,Dept.Bioag.Sci.PestManagement,ColoradoStateUniversity 2002AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofEntomology,NorthDakotaStateUniversity RecentSelectPublications: OdePJ.Inpress.Plantdefensesandparasitoidchemicalecology.In ChemicalEcologyof InsectParasitoids,ÉWajnberg&SColazza,eds.Wiley Blackwell. GhisingK,HarmonJP,BeauzayPB,Prischmann VoldsethDA,HelmsTC,OdePJ,KnodelJJ ImpactofRag1aphidresistantsoybeansonBinodoxyscommunis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae),aparasitoidofsoybeanaphid(Hemiptera:Aphididae).Environmental Entomology41: OdePJ,CharletLD,SeilerGJ.2011.Sunflowerstemweevilanditslarvalparasitoidsinnative sunflowers:isparasitoidabundanceanddiversitygreaterintheussouthwest? EnvironmentalEntomology40: LampertEC,ZangerlAR,BerenbaumMR,OdePJ.2011.Generalistandspecialisthostparasitoidassociationsresponddifferentlytowildparsnip(Pastincasativa)defensive chemistry.ecologicalentomology36:52 61.DOI: /j x CromptonDS,OdePJ.2010.Feedingbehavioranalysisofthesoybeanaphid(Hemiptera: Aphididae)ontheresistantsoybeancultivar'Dowling'.JournalofEconomicEntomology 103: doi: /EC PextonJJ,deBoerJG,HeimpelGE,VetLEM,WhitfieldJB,OdePJ.2009.Competitionand broodreduction:testingalternativemodelsofclutch sizeevolutioninparasitoids. BehavioralEcology20: doi: /beheco/arn147 deboerjg,odepj,rendahlak,vetlem,whitfieldjb,heimpelge.2008.multiplelocus complementarysexdeterminationintheparasitoidcotesiavestalis.genetics180: ;doi: /genetics LampertEC,ZangerlAR,BerenbaumMR,OdePJ.2008.Tritrophiceffectsofxanthotoxinonthe polyembryonicparasitoidcopidosomasosares(hymenoptera:encyrtidae).journalof ChemicalEcology34:

9 Dan Bean Colorado Department of Agriculture, Palisade Insectary, Rd., Palisade, CO Phone: (970) Ph.D.,1983, M.S. 1978, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Entomology B.A. 1975, University of California, Santa Cruz, Biology 2005-present State Biological Control Specialist, Manager, Palisade Insectary and Director, Biological Pest Control Section, Colorado Department of Agriculture. Affiliate Faculty, Dept. Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, CSU, Ft. Collins Research Associate, Department of Vegetable Crops, UC Davis Research Associate and Lecturer, Department of Biology, UNC-CH Research Associate, USDA ARS, Insect Attractants, Behavior and Basic Biology Research Laboratory, Gainesville, FL Research Associate, Depts of Ag Chem and Entomology, OSU, Corvallis, OR Recent Select Publications Dudley TL, Bean DW, Pattison RR, Caires A (2012) Selectivity of a biological control agent, Diorhabda carinulata (Chrysomelidae) for host species within the genus Tamarix. Pan Pacific Entomologist (in press) Bean, D.W., D.J. Kazmer, K. Gardner, D.C. Thompson, B. Reynolds, J.C. Keller and J.F. Gaskin (2012) Molecular genetic and hybridization studies of Diorhabda spp. released for biological control of Tamarix. Invasive Plant Science and Management (in press) Bean, D.W., P. Dalin and T.L. Dudley (2012) Evolution of critical day length for diapause induction enables range expansion of Diorhabda carinulata, a biological control agent against tamarisk (Tamarix spp.). Evolutionary Applications 5: Meng, R., P.E. Dennison, L.R. Jamison, C.C. van Riper III, P. Nagler, K. Hultine, D.W. Bean and T. Dudley (2012) Detection of tamarisk defoliation by the northern tamarisk beetle based on multitemporal Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper Imagery. GIScience and Remote Sensing (in press for July-August issue). Dudley, T.L. and D.W. Bean (2012) Tamarisk biocontrol, endangered species risk and resolution of conflict through riparian restoration. BioControl 57: Nagler, P.L., Brown, T., Hultine, K.R., van Riper, C. III, Bean, D.W., Dennison, P.E., Murray R.S., and E.P. Glenn (2012) Regional scale impacts of Tamarix leaf beetles (D. carinulata) on the water availability of western U.S. rivers as determined by multi-scale remote sensing methods. Remote Sensing Env. 118: Bateman, H.L., T.L. Dudley, D.W. Bean, S.M. Ostoja, K.R. Hultine and M.J. Kuehn (2010) A river system to watch: documenting the effects of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) biocontrol in the Virgin River valley. Ecological Restoration 28: Dalin, P., D.W. Bean, T.L. Dudley, V.A. Carney, D. Eberts, K.T. Gardner, E. Hebertson, E.N. Jones, D.J. Kazmer, G. J. Michels, S.A. O Meara, and D.C. Thompson. (2010) Seasonal adaptations to day length in four ecotypes of the leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata inform selection of biocontrol agents against saltcedar (Tamarix spp.). Environ. Entomol. 39: Herr, J.H., R.I. Carruthers, D.W. Bean, C. Jack DeLoach and J. Kashefi (2009) Host preference between saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and native non-target Frankenia spp within the Diorhabda elongata species complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biological Control 51: Dalin, P., M.J. O'Neal, T. Dudley & D.W. Bean (2009) Host plant quality of Tamarix ramosissima and T. parviflora for three sibling species of the biocontrol insect Diorhabda elongata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Environ. Entomol. 38: Bean, D., A. Norton, R. Jashenko, M. Cristofaro and U. Schaffner (2008) Status of Russian olive biological control in North America. Ecological Restoration 26: Bean, D.W., T. Wang, R.J. Bartelt and B.W. Zilkowski (2007) Diapause in the leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent for tamarisk (Tamarix spp.). Env. Entomol. 36: Bean, D.W., T.L. Dudley and J.C. Keller (2007) Seasonal timing of diapause induction limits the effective range of Diorhabda elongata deserticola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as a biological control agent for tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) Environ. Entomol. 36:15-25 Cossé, A.A., Bartelt, R.J., Zilkowski, B.W., Bean, D.W. and Andress, E.R. (2006) Behaviorally active green leaf volatiles for monitoring the leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata, a biocontrol agent of saltcedar. J. Chem. Ecol. 32: Cossé, A.A., Bartelt, R.J., Zilkowski, B.W., Bean, D.W. and Petroski, R.J. (2005) The aggregation pheromone of Diorhabda elongata, a biological control agent of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.): identification of two behaviorally active components. J. Chem. Ecol. 31:

10 Scopeofwork: ThePI slaboratorywillberesponsibleoverseeingandconductingthereleasesandmonitoring theoutcomesofcontrolofrussianknapweedpopulationsbyjaapiellaivannikovithroughout thestate(objectives2and3). Theco PI sgroupwillberesponsibleforimprovingthemass rearingprotocolsforj.ivannikovi anddevelopingeffectivereleasetechnologiesthatmaximizeestablishmentsuccessofthis biocontrolagent.furthermore,theco PI sgroupwillworkwiththepi slaboratoryin conductingthereleasesandmonitoringtheeffectivenessofj.ivannikoviincontrollingrussian knapweedpopulations. CSUBudgetJustification Themajorityofrequestedfundswouldsupportsalariesinthislabor intensiveproject.figures areadjustedby4%eachyeartoaccommodateinflation,unlessotherwisenoted. Salaries($54,753): 1.MSstudent($41,616):WearerequestingstipendsupportforaMSstudentinyears1and2 at$1700permonth.themsstudentwillbeactivelyinvolvedinfieldwork(releasesand monitoring)andanalysesforthefirsttwoyearsoftheproject. 2.PI($13,137):Wearerequesting0.5monthssummersalary(basedonmonthlysalaryof $8,417)forthePIineachofthethreeyearsofthisproposal.ThePIhasanine monthtenure trackappointment,andextrasupportwouldallowhimtoworkonthisprojectduringthe summertocomplementthetimeusedduringtheacademicyear. FringeBenefits($5460): FringebenefitsarecalculatedatCSUestablishedrates.GRA:5.10%inYear1and5.50%inYear 2;AcademicFaculty:24.10%inYear1,24.90%inYear2,and25.25%inYear3. Travel($3434): Werequest$1100peryeartopartiallydefraydomestictravelexpensesfortheMSstudentand PIfromFortCollinstoPalisadeandsurroundingfieldsites(2200totalmiles/yrat$0.50/mi). OtherDirectCosts($36,300): SubawardtoCDA($36,300):$11,780inyear1,$12,100inyear2,and$12,420inyear3. TotalDirectCosts($99,947): MatchingCosts($67,542): Matchingcostsinclude: 1)OnehalfmonthofPI ssalaryperyearplusfringe(24.1%y1,24.9%y2,25.25%y3):$16,390 1

11 2)IndirectcostsonthePIsalaryandfringecalculatedatCSU sfederallynegotiatedrateof 48.7%MTDC:$7,981 3)UnrecoveredIndirectcostsonthefederalrequest,whicharecalculatedatCSU sfederally negotiatedrateof48.7%inyears1through3ofmodifiedtotaldirectcosts(mtdc:$88,647): $43,171. 2

12 CDABudgetandJustification Themajorityofrequestedfundswouldsupportsalariesinthislabor intensiveproject.salaries areadjustedbyapproximately3.5%eachyearalthoughinfactsalaryincreaseshavenotbeen givenforthepastfouryears. Salaries($28,800): Wetypicallyhireseasonalstaffatarateofapproximately$14/hr.,whichcoversbothdirect costsandfringebenefits.seasonalstaffmembersareusuallystudentsatcoloradomesa Universitywithworkorclassroomexperienceinbiologicalcontrol.Seasonalstaffwillassistfull timestaffmembersinrearingandreleasingthegallmidgesandtheywillbehiredduringthe fieldseason.wearerequestingthesefundstobespreadoverthethreeyearsoftheproposed work. Travel($4,500): Werequest$1500peryeartopartiallydefraytravelexpensestoandfromfieldsitesinwestern ColoradoandeasternUtahforreleaseandmonitoringofJ.ivannikovi. Supplies($3000): TheinsectrearingoperationswillrequireRussianknapweedcultivation,whichwillrequiresoil andpotsaswellascagesandcontainersforthegallmidges.costsfortheseitemswillbe approximately$2,500annually.wearerequesting$1,000annuallyandthedifferencewillgo towardthematch. TotalDirectCosts:$36,300 MatchingCosts:$20,250 3

13 Year by yearbudgetbreakdown: 2013 FHPFunds MatchingFunds CDA(subcontract) Salaries(includingfringebenefits) Seasonalstaff $9280 $5500 Travel $1500 $1000 Supplies $1000 CSU Salaries(includingfringebenefits) MSStudent $21,440 PI0.5mosummer $5222 PI0.5moacademicsalary(plusindirect) $7765 Travel $1100 Indirectchargesascostshare $ totals: $39,542 $33, FHPFunds MatchingFunds CDA(subcontract) Salaries(includingfringebenefits) Seasonalstaff $9600 $5750 Travel $1500 $1000 Supplies $1000 CSU Salaries(includingfringebenefits) MSStudent $22,383 PI0.5mosummer $5467 PI0.5mosalary $8129 Travel $1144 Indirectchargesascostshare $20, totals: $41,094 $34, FHPFunds MatchingFunds CDA(subcontract) Salaries(includingfringebenefits) Seasonalstaff $9920 $6000 Travel $1500 $1000 Supplies $1000 4

14 CSU Salaries(includingfringebenefits) PI0.5mosummer $5701 PI0.5mosalary $8477 Travel $1190 Indirectchargesascostshare $ totals: $19,311 $19,378 Grandtotals: $99,947 $87,792 5

15 ScopeofWorkforthePalisadeInsectary,ColoradoDepartmentofAgriculture ProjectTitle:Russianknapweedbiocontrol:propagation,establishmentandmonitoringofJaapiella ivannikovi,therussianknapweedgallmidge. Contact:DanBean,ColoradoDepartmentofAgriculture,PalisadeInsectary, Rd.,Palisade,CO 81507,(970) (phone),(970) (fax) 1. IncreaseproductionofRussianknapweedgallmidgesfordistributiontofieldsites.ThePalisade Insectaryhasabout3,000sq.metersofgardenspaceplantedinRussianknapweedandtwo greenhouseswhererussianknapweediscurrentlybeinggrowninpots.thegardenwillbeused toprovideacontinuoussupplyofj.ivannikovigallsduringthesummersof2013,2014and2015. Thiswillbedonebyharvestinggallsfrom50sqmeterplotswithinthegardenandmowingplots atregularintervalsduringthesummerandcountingthenumberofgallsformedandthetiming offormationinrelationtothetimingofmowing(thetreatment).thiswillresultingallsfor releaseaswellasinquantitativeevaluationofmowingregimeonrussianknapweedphenology andgallformation.thisinformationwillbemadeavailabletothepublicintheformof educationalmaterial(brochures,webinars),whichwillaidingallmidgeproductionoutsideof thisproject.weanticipatethefollowinglevelsofgallproductionbasedontheincreaseswe ve seenoverthepastthreeyears.2013:4,000galls,2014:8,000galls,2015:ourproductionshould topoutat10,000gallsperseason,giventhesizeofourgarden.thiswillbemorethanenough tomeettherequirementssetoutinthisproposal.wewillalsogrowrussianknapweedinour greenhouses,particularlyoverthewinter.thiswillenableustoharvestgallsinthespringfor earlyseasondistributiontofieldsites.wewillhaveonegreenhousededicatedtogall free knapweedandtheotherwithknapweedgallmidges.wewillhaveover1,000plantsandover 500gallproducingplantsatanyonetime.Weshouldbeabletoharvest2,000 3,000gallsper season.thisshouldbesufficienttomeettheneedsoftheproject. 2. Wewilllocateandreleasegallsat80sitesinwesternColoradoandeasternUtah.ThePalisade InsectarywilllocatesitesinColoradoandourForestServicecollaborator,ElizabethHebertson, willlocatethemineasternutah.wewillintensivelymonitoringofatleast20oftherelease sites,measuringrussianknapweedstemdensity,plantfrequencyandthefrequencyofnontargetedplants,bothintroducedandnative.sixmonitoringtransects50metersinlengthwill radiateoutfromthepointofreleaseat60 intervals.siteswillbeestablishedin2013and monitoredatleasttwiceduringthefieldseasonsof2014and Wewillworkwithlandownersandlandmanagerstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofmowing knapweedontheestablishmentofgalls.wewillmowrussianknapweedstandsnearthepoint ofreleaseofthegallsandwillmonitorestablishmentandgalldensitiesinthemownand unmownareasnearthepointofrelease.wehypothesizethatmowingwillenablebetter establishmentwhenplantsrespondswithmoreshootformation. 4. WewillorganizealldatasetsandgivethemtoPaulOdeforanalysisandevaluation.Wewill assistindisseminationofinformationgainedfromfieldtrials,greenhouseandgarden productionofknapweedgalls.

16 700 Kipling Street, Suite 4000 Lakewood, CO Fax John T. Salazar, Commissioner Ron P. Carleton, Deputy Commissioner John Hickenlooper Governor October 30, 2012 Paul Ode Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Ft. Collins, CO Dear Dr. Ode; The purpose of this letter is to acknowledge our support for and excitement to participate in the proposed project titled Russian knapweed biocontrol: propagation, establishment and monitoring of Jaapiella ivannikovi, the Russian knapweed gall midge. We have approved a budget of $36,300 to complete our scope of work. Our group at the Colorado Department of Agriculture, Biological Pest Control in Palisade, CO, has extensive experience in rearing biological control agents and in establishing field populations of them. The proposed work fits well into the mission of the Biological Pest Control Program and will complement our other efforts perfectly. The target plant, Russian knapweed, is widely regarded as one of the top five noxious weeds in Colorado and is similarly regarded in many western states. We anticipate providing several thousand galls per year, containing the Russian knapweed gall midge. We will also monitor field sites in western Colorado and eastern Utah. If you have any questions regarding our program or support for this project, please feel free to contact us at (970) Sincerely, Dan Bean, PhD Director with fiscal authority, Biological Pest Control Colorado Department of Agriculture Palisade Insectary Rd. Palisade, CO dan.bean@ag.state.co.us