Biological control of Weeds

Transcription

1 Weeds Oregon department of Agriculture Noxious Weed control program Eric m. coombs

2 weeds What is classical biological control? The purposeful introduction of selected natural enemies of a targeted weed.

3 Weeds

4 weeds How does biocontrol work? By reducing the density and competitive ability the targeted weed. Direct Indirect

5 weeds Who can do classical biological control? At first, trained professionals, but later on, almost anyone can participate.

6 weeds Where can we implement biocontrol? Usually anywhere where the weeds will not be disturbed too much for at least 3 years Rangeland Pasture Forest Riparian Aquatic Crop ROW Natural Areas

7 Target Weed collected Weed targeted

8 Insects (69) beetles (39) flies (16) moths (14) Mites (3) Nematode (1) Pathogens (2) Biological control of Weeds in Oregon

9 Weeds monitoring Establishment Population build up (Abundance & Density) Spread Attack rate Damage level Distribution Impact on host Community changes Documentation

10 Weeds in Oregon Biocontrol agent release forms

11 Tansy ragwort Senecio jacobaea = (Jacobea vulgaris)

12 Tansy ragwort Tyria jacobaeae cinnabar moth

13 tansy ragwort Longitarsus jacobaeae flea beetle

14 Tansy ragwort Senecio jacobaea = (Jacobea vulgaris)

15 tansy ragwort Longitarsus jacobaeae flea beetle

16 tansy ragwort Longitarsus jacobaeae flea beetle

17 tansy ragwort Longitarsus jacobaeae flea beetle

18 Field bindweed Convolvulus arvense

19 Field bindweed Aculops malherbae (Aceria) gall mite

20 Field bindweed Aculops malherbae (Aceria) gall mite

21 Field bindweed Tyta luctuosa defoliating moth

22 Field bindweed Tyta luctuosa defoliating moth

23 Meadow knapweed Centaurea pratensis (jacea x nigra)

24 spotted & meadow knapweed Larinus obtusus seed head weevil

25 Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria

26 Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria

27 Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria

28 purple loosestrife Galerucella calmariensis & pusilla leaf beetles

29 purple loosestrife Galerucella pusilla leaf beetle

30 purple loosestrife Hylobius transversovittatus root weevil

31 purple loosestrife Nanophyes marmoratus seed capsule weevil

32 purple loosestrife Galerucella calmariensis & pusilla leaf beetles

33 Canada thistle Cirsium arvensis

34 Canada thistle Urophora cardui stem gall fly

35 Canada thistle Ceutorhynchus litura stem mining weevil

36 Canada thistle Rhinocyllus conicus seed head weevil

37 Canada thistle Cassida rubiginosa leaf beetle

38 Bull thistle Cirsium vulgaris

39 Bull thistle Urophora stylata seed head gall fly

40 st. johnswort Hypericum perforatum

41 st. johnswort Chrysolina hyperici leaf beetle

42 st. johnswort Aplocera plagiata defoliating moth

43 Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius

44 scotch broom Exapion fuscirostre seed weevil

45 scotch broom Exapion fuscirostre seed weevil

46 scotch broom Bruchidius villosus seed beetle

47 scotch broom Bruchidius villosus seed beetle

48 scotch broom Aceria genistae bud gall mite

49 scotch broom Aceria genistae bud gall mite

50 scotch broom Unknown pathogen- Phytoplasma?

51 scotch broom Selenophoma juncea pathogen

52 scotch broom Selenophoma juncea pathogen

53 Armenian (Himalayan) blackberry Rubus armeniacus

54 Armenian blackberry Phragmidium violaceum rust fungus

55 To order: Univ. of Arizona Press Phone: $ S&H In this book, leading experts review the discipline of biological control of invasive terrestrial and aquatic plants. Topics addressed include ecology, safety testing, nontarget impacts, and the processes of identifying, introducing, distributing, and monitoring biological control agents. This book also provides information about 39 target plants in the continental United States and 94 agents, including their origin, biology, habitat, impacts, and distribution. The book concludes with information about invasive plants targeted for biological control in the future.