Garlic Mustard Biocontrol An Update. Jeanie Katovich, Esther Gerber, Hariet Hinz, Luke Skinner, David Ragsdale and Roger Becker

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1 Garlic Mustard Biocontrol An Update Jeanie Katovich, Esther Gerber, Hariet Hinz, Luke Skinner, David Ragsdale and Roger Becker

2 Ceutorhynchus scrobicollis McCornack

3 C. scrobicollis Life Cycle Summer Adult Aestivation Spring Soil pupation Adult emergence Fall Oviposition Winter Oviposition and Larval Development

4 Garlic mustard grows as a rosette during the first year

5 Adult Feeding McCornack

6 Life Stages Single egg Frass (Side View) Brian McCornack

7 Larval Tunnel - light-brown frass - 3 instars (head capsule size) - Exit plant to pupate Brian McCornack

8 New Lateral Growth Main Root Crown Larval Damage

9 Impact of C. scrobicollis on garlic mustard plants Increased plant mortality Reduced above ground biomass Reduced seed output

10 Results of Host Range Tests C. scrobicollis No plant species outside of the Mustard family were attacked by C. scrobicollis. Within the Mustard family, many plant species were accepted for oviposition but did not support larval development. In larval development testing, only one native mustard species (Rorippa sinuata) supported the development of adults. When both garlic mustard and Rorippa sinuata were included in single choice testing, only garlic mustard was attacked. We believe that under field conditions, the risk of attack to Rorripa sinuata is very low.

11 Status of TAG Petition: Review in progress A petition for the field release of C. scrobicollis is currently under review by the Technical Advisory Group for the Biological Control Agents of Weeds (TAG) TAG approval is required before C. scrobicollis can be released into the field We anticipate that the TAG review will take approximately a year to complete.

12 C. scrobicollis Rearing

13 C. scrobicollis parasitism In Europe, adult C. scrobicollis may be attacked by an endoparasitoid, Perilitus spp. Field collected adults from Europe cannot be directly field-released in the United States. At least one generation of C. scrobicollis must be reared in containment. Only F 1 adults, or their offspring can be field released.

14 Determine the potential for winter survival of C. scrobicollis in Minnesota Winter temperatures in Minnesota are colder than in Germany. Determined preliminary super-cooling points for winter acclimated C. scrobicollis adults. Preliminary supercooling points for adults: -21 C (-6.5 F)

15 Winter survival of garlic mustard in containers Garlic mustard plants grown in containers did not survive when placed in beds and mulched. Tested different methods to increase the survival of overwintered garlic mustard plants grown in containers.

16 Pot-in-pot method

17 Straw sandwich method

18 Garlic Mustard Winter Survival. St. Paul, MN Treatment Control Pots, no mulch Winter survival Minimum Temperature % C F Pot-in-pot Straw sandwich Mulched and potted Plants in ground Preliminary supercooling points of adults: -21 C (-6.5 F)

19 Pot-in-pot method: 100% survival of containerized garlic mustard plants Minimum winter soil temperature at crown level: -8 C (17 F)

20 Straw Sandwich 70% survival of containerized garlic mustard plants Minimum winter soil temperature at crown level: -8 C (19 F)

21 C. scrobicollis Rearing C. scrobicollis Rearing Developing weevil rearing protocols in quarantine lab at University of Minnesota Developing weevil rearing protocols in Developing protocols to ensure quarantine lab at University of Minnesota parasitoid-free weevils Determining Developing protocols winter survival to ensure of C. scrobicollis parasitoid-free in Minnesota weevils climates Testing Determining methods winter to survival successfully of C. overwinter scrobicolliscontainerized Minnesota garlic climates mustard plants Want to for develop future C. rearing scrobicollis kits for outdoor land rearing managers to rear their own weevils Develop field rearing manual for outdoor rearing kits.

22 We would like to thank the following for funding this project: USDA Forest Service Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Illinois Natural History Survey

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