Photosynthesis. Chapter 10. PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition. Lectures by Chris Romero. Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
|
|
- Caroline Byrd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero
2 PREVIEW The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis Is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy
3 Plants and other autotrophs Are the producers of the biosphere
4 Plants are photoautotrophs They use the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide Figure 10.1
5 Photosynthesis Occurs in plants, algae, certain other protists, and some prokaryotes These organisms use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and (in most cases) water. They feed not only themselves, but the entire living world. (a) On land, plants are the predominant producers of food. In aquatic environments, photosynthetic organisms include (b) multicellular algae, such as this kelp; (c) some unicellular protists, such as Euglena; (d) the prokaryotes called cyanobacteria; and (e) other photosynthetic prokaryotes, such as these purple sulfur bacteria, which produce sulfur (spherical (a) Plants globules) (c, d, e: LMs). (c) Unicellular protist 10 m (e) Pruple sulfur bacteria 1.5 m Figure 10.2 (b) Multicellular algae (d) Cyanobacteria 40 m
6 Heterotrophs Obtain their organic material from other organisms Are the consumers of the biosphere
7 OVERVIEW Concept 10.1: Photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of food
8 Chloroplasts: The Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants The leaves of plants Are the major sites of photosynthesis Leaf cross section Vein Mesophyll Stomata CO 2 O 2 Figure 10.3
9 Chloroplasts Are the organelles in which photosynthesis occurs Contain stroma*, thylakoids* and grana* Mesophyll Chloroplast 5 µm Outer membrane Stroma Thylakoid Granum Thylakoid space Intermembrane space Inner membrane 1 µm
10 Tracking Atoms Through Photosynthesis: Scientific Inquiry Photosynthesis is summarized as 6 CO H 2 O + Light energy C 6 H 12 O O H 2 O
11 The Splitting of Water Chloroplasts split water into Hydrogen and oxygen, incorporating the electrons of hydrogen into sugar molecules Reactants: 6 CO 2 12 H 2 O Products: C 6 H 12 O 6 6 H 2 O 6 O 2 Figure 10.4
12 Photosynthesis as a Redox Process Photosynthesis is a redox process Water is oxidized Loses electrons carbon dioxide is reduced Gains electrons OIL RIG
13 The Two Stages of Photosynthesis: A Preview Photosynthesis consists of two processes The light reactions The Calvin cycle
14 The light reactions Occur in the grana Split water release oxygen produce ATP form NADPH
15 The Calvin cycle Occurs in the stroma Forms sugar from carbon dioxide using ATP for energy (from light rxns) NADPH for reducing power (from light rxns)
16 An overview of photosynthesis H 2 O CO 2 Light NADP LIGHT REACTIONS ADP + P CALVIN CYCLE ATP NADPH Figure 10.5 Chloroplast O 2 [CH 2 O] (sugar)
17 Concept 10.2: The light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
18 The Nature of Sunlight Light Is a form of electromagnetic energy, which travels in waves
19 Wavelength Is the distance between the crests of waves Determines the type of electromagnetic energy
20 The electromagnetic spectrum Is the entire range of electromagnetic energy, or radiation 10 5 nm 10 3 nm 1 nm 10 3 nm 10 6 nm Gamma rays X-rays UV Infrared Microwaves 1 m 10 6 nm 10 3 m Radio waves Visible light nm Figure 10.6 Shorter wavelength Higher energy Longer wavelength Lower energy
21 The visible light spectrum Includes the colors of light we can see Includes the wavelengths that drive photosynthesis
22 Photosynthetic Pigments: The Light Receptors Pigments Are substances that absorb visible light Reflected light is color we see!
23 The spectrophotometer Is a machine that sends light through pigments and measures the fraction of light transmitted at each wavelength
24 An absorption spectrum Is a graph plotting light absorption versus wavelength White light Refracting prism Chlorophyll solution Photoelectric tube Galvanometer Slit moves to pass light of selected wavelength Green light The high transmittance (low absorption) reading indicates that chlorophyll absorbs very little green light Figure 10.8 Blue light The low transmittance (high absorption) reading chlorophyll absorbs most blue light.
25 The absorption spectra of chloroplast pigments Provide clues to the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths for driving photosynthesis
26 Absorption of light by chloroplast pigments The absorption spectra of three types of pigments in chloroplasts EXPERIMENT Three different experiments helped reveal which wavelengths of light are photosynthetically important. The results are shown below. RESULTS Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoids (a) Absorption spectra. The three curves show the wavelengths of light best absorbed by three types of chloroplast pigments. Figure 10.9 Wavelength of light (nm)
27 Rate of photosynthesis (measured by O 2 release) The action spectrum of a pigment Profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving photosynthesis (b) Action spectrum. This graph plots the rate of photosynthesis versus wavelength. The resulting action spectrum resembles the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a but does not match exactly (see part a). This is partly due to the absorption of light by accessory pigments such as chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
28 The action spectrum for photosynthesis Was first demonstrated by Theodor W. Engelmann Aerobic bacteria Filament of alga (c) Engelmann s experiment. In 1883, Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filamentous alga with light that had been passed through a prism, exposing different segments of the alga to different wavelengths. He used aerobic bacteria, which concentrate near an oxygen source, to determine which segments of the alga were releasing the most O 2 and thus photosynthesizing most. Bacteria congregated in greatest numbers around the parts of the alga illuminated with violet-blue or red light. Notice the close match of the bacterial distribution to the action spectrum in part b. CONCLUSION photosynthesis. Light in the violet-blue and red portions of the spectrum are most effective in driving
29 Chlorophyll a Is the main photosynthetic pigment Chlorophyll b C Is an accessory pigment H 3 C H H 3 C CH 2 CH C C C C C C CH 2 CH 3 C C C C H C CH 2 CH 2 C O O N N C H H H CH 3 Mg C C O CH 3 N N C O C C C C C C O H CH 3 CH 3 CHO in chlorophyll a in chlorophyll b Porphyrin ring: Light-absorbing head of molecule note magnesium atom at center CH 2 Figure Hydrocarbon tail: interacts with hydrophobic regions of proteins inside thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts: H atoms not shown
30 Other accessory pigments Absorb different wavelengths of light and pass the energy to chlorophyll a Like hot potato
31 Excitation of Chlorophyll by Light When a pigment absorbs light It goes from a ground state to an excited state, which is unstable e Excited state Heat Photon Chlorophyll molecule Photon (fluorescence) Ground state Figure A
32 If an isolated solution of chlorophyll is illuminated It will fluoresce, giving off light and heat Figure B
33 A Photosystem: A Reaction Center Associated with Light-Harvesting Complexes
34 Thylakoid membrane A photosystem Is composed of a reaction center surrounded by a number of light-harvesting complexes Thylakoid Photon Photosystem Light-harvesting complexes Reaction center STROMA Primary election acceptor e Figure Transfer of energy Special chlorophyll a molecules Pigment molecules THYLAKOID SPACE (INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID)
35 The light-harvesting complexes Consist of pigment molecules bound to particular proteins Funnel the energy of photons of light to the reaction center
36 When a reaction-center chlorophyll molecule absorbs energy One of its electrons gets bumped up to a primary electron acceptor
37 The thylakoid membrane Is populated by two types of photosystems, I and II
38 Noncyclic Electron Flow Noncyclic electron flow Is the primary pathway of energy transformation in the light reactions
39 Produces NADPH, ATP, and oxygen H 2 O CO 2 Light LIGHT REACTIONS NADP + ADP ATP CALVIN CYCLE NADPH O 2 [CH 2 O] (sugar) Light 1 2 H + + O 2 H 2 O 3 e e Primary acceptor e P680 2 Pq Cytochrome complex 5 4 PC Primary acceptor P700 Fd e e 7 NADP + reductase Light 8 NADP H + NADPH + H + 6 ATP Figure Photosystem II (PS II) Photosystem-I (PS I)
40 A mechanical analogy for the light reactions ATP e e e NADPH e e e Mill makes ATP e Figure Photosystem II Photosystem I
41 Cyclic Electron Flow Under certain conditions Photoexcited electrons take an alternative path
42 In cyclic electron flow Only photosystem I is used Only ATP is produced Primary acceptor Fd Primary acceptor Fd Pq Cytochrome complex NADP + reductase NADP + NADPH Pc ATP Figure Photosystem II Photosystem I
43 A Comparison of Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Chloroplasts and mitochondria Generate ATP by the same basic mechanism: chemiosmosis But use different sources of energy to accomplish this
44 The spatial organization of chemiosmosis Differs in chloroplasts and mitochondria Key Higher [H + ] Lower [H + ] Mitochondrion Chloroplast Figure MITOCHONDRION STRUCTURE Intermembrance space Membrance Matrix H + Electron transport chain ATP Synthase ADP+ P Diffusion H + ATP CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE Thylakoid space Stroma
45 In both organelles Redox reactions of electron transport chains generate a H + gradient across a membrane ATP synthase Uses this proton-motive force to make ATP
46 The light reactions and chemiosmosis: the organization of the thylakoid membrane LIGHT H 2 O CO 2 LIGHT REACTOR NADP + ADP ATP NADPH CALVIN CYCLE STROMA (Low H + concentration) O 2 Photosystem II 2 H + [CH 2 O] (sugar) Cytochrome complex Light Photosystem I Fd NADP + reductase 3 NADP + + 2H + H 2 O THYLAKOID SPACE (High H + concentration) O 2 +2 H + Pq 2 H + Pc NADPH + H + To Calvin cycle Figure STROMA (Low H + concentration) Thylakoid membrane ATP synthase ADP P H + ATP
47 Concept 10.3: The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO 2 to sugar The Calvin cycle Is similar to the citric acid cycle Occurs in the stroma
48 The Calvin cycle has three phases Carbon fixation Reduction Regeneration of the CO 2 acceptor
49 The Calvin cycle Light H 2 O CO 2 NADP + ADP LIGHT REACTION ATP NADPH CALVIN CYCLE Input 3 (Entering one at a time) CO 2 Phase 1: Carbon fixation O 2 3 ATP [CH 2 O] (sugar) 3 P P Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) (G3P) Rubisco 3 ADP CALVIN CYCLE Phase 3: Regeneration of the CO 2 acceptor (RuBP) 5 P 3 P P Short-lived intermediate Phosphoglycerate 6 P 1,3-Bisphoglycerate Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) P P P 6 NADPH 6 NADPH + 6 P 6 ATP 6 ADP Phase 2: Reduction Figure G3P (a sugar) Output P Glucose and other organic compounds
50 Concept 10.4: Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation have evolved in hot, arid climates
51 On hot, dry days, plants close their stomata Conserving water but limiting access to CO 2 Causing oxygen to build up
52 Photorespiration: An Evolutionary Relic? In photorespiration O 2 substitutes for CO 2 in the active site of the enzyme rubisco The photosynthetic rate is reduced
53 C 4 Plants C 4 plants minimize the cost of photorespiration By incorporating CO 2 into four carbon compounds in mesophyll cells
54 These four carbon compounds Are exported to bundle sheath cells, where they release CO 2 used in the Calvin cycle
55 C 4 leaf anatomy and the C 4 pathway Photosynthetic cells of C 4 plant leaf Mesophyll cell Bundlesheath cell Mesophyll cell PEP carboxylase CO CO 2 2 Vein (vascular tissue) Oxaloacetate (4 C) PEP (3 C) ADP Malate (4 C) ATP C 4 leaf anatomy Bundle- Sheath cell CO 2 Pyruate (3 C) Stoma CALVIN CYCLE Sugar Figure Vascular tissue
56 CAM Plants CAM plants Open their stomata at night, incorporating CO 2 into organic acids
57 During the day, the stomata close And the CO 2 is released from the organic acids for use in the Calvin cycle
58 The CAM pathway is similar to the C 4 pathway Sugarcane Pineapple Figure Mesophyll Cell Bundlesheath cell (a) Spatial separation of steps. In C 4 plants, carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle occur in different types of cells. C 4 Organic acid CALVIN CYCLE Sugar CAM CO 2 CO 2 1 CO 2 incorporated into four-carbon organic acids (carbon fixation) 2 Organic acids release CO 2 to Calvin cycle Organic acid CALVIN CYCLE Sugar Night Day (b) Temporal separation of steps. In CAM plants, carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle occur in the same cells at different times.
59 The Importance of Photosynthesis: A Review A review of photosynthesis Light reaction Calvin cycle H 2 O CO 2 Light NADP + ADP + P 1 RuBP 3-Phosphoglycerate Figure Photosystem II Electron transport chain Photosystem I Chloroplast O 2 ATP NADPH Light reactions: Are carried out by molecules in the thylakoid membranes Convert light energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH Split H 2 O and release O 2 to the atmosphere G3P Starch (storage) Sucrose (export) Amino acids Fatty acids Calvin cycle reactions: Take place in the stroma Use ATP and NADPH to convert CO 2 to the sugar G3P Return ADP, inorganic phosphate, and NADP+ to the light reactions
60 Organic compounds produced by photosynthesis Provide the energy and building material for ecosystems
Chapter 10: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Chapter 10: PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1. Overview of Photosynthesis 2. Light Absorption 3. The Light Reactions 4. The Calvin Cycle 1. Overview of Photosynthesis Chapter Reading pp. 185-190, 206-207 What is Photosynthesis?
More informationPhotosynthesis (Outline)
Photosynthesis (Outline) 1. Overview of photosynthesis 2. Producers, consumers, and decomposers of the ecosystem (source of carbon and energy) 3. Plant structures: organ, tissue, cells, sub-cellular organelle,
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationPhotosynthesis. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationChapter 10. Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy Directly or indirectly, photosynthesis nourishes almost
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationChapter 10 Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, certain other
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright
More informationPhotosynthesis. *Calvin cycle. (c) Unicellular protist. (e) Pruple sulfur bacteria. (d) Cyanobacteria. (b) Multicellular algae
Photosynthesis These organisms use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and (in most cases) water. They feed not only themselves, but the entire living world. (a)
More informationCH 8: Photosynthesis Overview Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy
CH 8: Photosynthesis Overview Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy Directly or indirectly, photosynthesis nourishes almost the entire living world Autotrophs sustain
More informationPhotosynthesis (Outline)
Photosynthesis (Outline) 1. Overview of photosynthesis 2. Producers, consumers, and decomposers of the ecosystem (source of carbon and energy) (Autotrophs: photo-autotrophs, chemo-autotrophs, electro-autotrophs,
More information8 Photosynthesis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis
More informationBIOLOGY. Photosynthesis CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 10 Photosynthesis Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis
More informationChapter 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter # Chapter Title PowerPoint Image Slideshow
COLLEGE BIOLOGY PHYSICS Chapter 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter # Chapter Title PowerPoint Image Slideshow Figure 8.0 Photosynthesis Figure 8.1 Earth s distribution of photosynthesis as seen via chlorophyll a
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology. Edited by Shawn Lester. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Edited by Shawn Lester PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationThe light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
10.2 - The light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH Chloroplasts are solar-powered chemical factories The conversion of light energy into chemical energy occurs in the
More informationPhotosynthesis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS SECOND EDITION URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION The Process That
More informationA. Structures of PS. Site of PS in plants: mostly in leaves in chloroplasts. Leaf cross section. Vein. Mesophyll CO 2 O 2. Stomata
PS Lecture Outline I. Introduction A. Structures B. Net Reaction II. Overview of PS A. Rxns in the chloroplast B. pigments III. Closer looks A. LD Rxns B. LI Rxns 1. non-cyclic e- flow 2. cyclic e- flow
More informationPhotosynthesis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS SECOND EDITION URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION The Process That
More informationBIOLOGY. Photosynthesis CAMPBELL. Concept 10.1: Photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of food. Anabolic pathways endergonic
10 Photosynthesis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick energy ECOSYSTEM CO 2 H 2 O Organic O 2 powers
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Lectures by Erin
More information8 Photosynthesis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Objective: You will be able to contrast respiration
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Lectures by Erin
More informationBIOLOGY. Photosynthesis. The Process That Feeds the Biosphere. Autotrophs sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms
0 Photosynthesis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson energy ECOSYSTEM CO H O Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic O powers most
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Lectures by Erin
More informationBIOLOGY. Photosynthetic Processes CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 11 Photosynthetic Processes Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick The Process That Feeds the Biosphere
More informationBIOLOGY. Photosynthesis CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 10 Photosynthesis Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis
More informationBIOLOGY. Photosynthesis CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 10 Photosynthesis Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis
More informationLife on Earth is solar powered. Photosynthesis => conversion of light energy to chemical energy (stored in sugars and other organic molecules).
Photosynthesis Life on Earth is solar powered. Photosynthesis => conversion of light energy to chemical energy (stored in sugars and other organic molecules). Organisms obtain organic compounds by one
More informationPhotosynthesis Life Is Solar Powered!
Photosynthesis Life Is Solar Powered! What Would Plants Look Like On Alien Planets? 1 Why Would They Look Different? Different Stars Give off Different types of light or Electromagnetic Waves The color
More informationAP Biology. Chloroplasts: sites of photosynthesis in plants
The summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to photosynthesis. How photosystems convert solar energy to
More informationThe summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to
1 The summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to photosynthesis. How photosystems convert solar energy to
More informationAP Biology Day 21. Friday, October 7, 2016
AP Biology Day 21 Friday, October 7, 2016 Do-Now Group Discussion In your groups, discuss the 2014 FRQ prompt Discuss possible answers for each part Jot down your ideas as a group to help plan a response
More informationWhere does most of our society s energy come from (think of fossil fuels), how does that energy become fixed for human use?
Where does most of our society s energy come from (think of fossil fuels), how does that energy become fixed for human use? The Photosynthesis equation 6 CO 2 + 12 H 2 O + Light energy C 6 H 12 O 6 +
More informationSunday, August 25, 2013 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS PREFACE The sun is the ultimate source of energy. The sun powers nearly all life forms. Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy. Photoautotrophs use solar energy to synthesize
More information10/2/2011. Outline. The Process That Feeds the Biosphere. Autotrophs. Photosynthetic Organisms
Chapter 10 hotosynthesis Outline 1. hotosynthesis overview. 3. igments 4. -dependent rxn 5. -independent rxn () 6. C3, C4 and CAM The rocess That Feeds the Biosphere hotosynthesis is the process that converts
More informationChapter 7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko
Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon, Jean
More informationEnergy Conversions. Photosynthesis. Plants. Chloroplasts. Plant Pigments 10/13/2014. Chapter 10 Pg
Energy Conversions Photosynthesis Chapter 10 Pg. 184 205 Life on Earth is solar-powered by autotrophs Autotrophs make their own food and have no need to consume other organisms. They are the ultimate source
More informationPhotosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food
Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food Lectures by Chris C. Romero, updated by Edward J. Zalisko 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fourth Edition
More informationLecture 9: Photosynthesis
Lecture 9: Photosynthesis I. Characteristics of Light A. Light is composed of particles that travel as waves 1. Comprises a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum B. Radiation varies in wavelength
More informationBIOLOGY 4/19/2015. Photosynthesis. Outline. Autotrophs. The Process That Feeds the Biosphere. Photosynthetic Organisms
10 hotosynthesis CAMBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Outline 1. hotosynthesis overview 2. and pigments 3. -dependent rxn 4. -independent rxn () 5. C3, C4 and CAM Lecture
More informationPhotosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food
Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food Lectures by Chris C. Romero, updated by Edward J. Zalisko PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fourth Edition Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and
More informationOutcome: Explain the process of photosynthesis.
Outcome: Explain the process of photosynthesis. Warm-up: 1. Compare the two types of cells. Give examples for each. 2. Using double bubble map, differentiate plants and animal cells. 3. What organelles
More informationTHE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Almost all plants are photosynthetic autotrophs, as are some bacteria and protists Autotrophs generate their own organic matter through photosynthesis Sunlight energy is transformed
More informationPhotosynthesis Lecture 7 Fall Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis. The Chloroplast. Photosynthetic prokaryotes. The Chloroplast
Photosynthesis Lecture 7 Fall 2008 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis The process by which light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy 1 Photosynthesis Inputs CO 2 Gas exchange occurs through
More informationPhotosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce organic macromolecules (glucose). photons SUN
More informationChapter 7. Introduction. Introduction. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes
Chapter 7 hotosynthesis: Using to Make Food oweroint Lectures for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Introduction lants,
More informationChapter 10 Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. They obtain everything they need by using CO 2 and inorganic compounds from the environment. Heterotrophs
More informationChapter 7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko
Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon, Jean
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS. Botany Department B.N.D. College
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Botany Department B.N.D. College Photosynthesis An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce organic macromolecules
More informationChapter 7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Lecture by Richard L. Myers
Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Richard L. Myers Introduction:
More informationOverview - the process that feeds the biosphere. Photosynthesis: transformation of solar energy into chemical energy.
Chapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis Overview - the process that feeds the biosphere Photosynthesis: transformation of solar energy into chemical energy. Responsible for O 2 in our atmosphere
More informationPhotosynthesis is the main route by which that energy enters the biosphere of the Earth.
Chapter 5-Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the main route by which that energy enters the biosphere of the Earth. To sustain and power life on Earth, the captured energy has to be released and used in
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS CHAPTER 7. Where It Starts - Photosynthesis
PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHAPTER 7 Where It Starts - Photosynthesis IMPACTS, ISSUES: SUNLIGHT AND SURVIVAL Plants are autotrophs, or self-nourishing organisms The first autotrophs filled Earth s atmosphere with
More informationPhotosynthesis. 3. We have 2 types of organisms depending on their nutrition:
1 لجان الد فعات/تلخيص علوم حياتية 101 Key concepts 10.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS CONVERTS LIGHT ENERGY TO THE CHEMICAL ENERGY OF FOOD. 10.2 THE LIGHT REACTIONS CONVERT SOLAR ENERGY TO THE CHEMICAL ENERGY OF ATP
More informationChapter 7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko
Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon, Jean
More informationChapter 10. Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Lecture Outline Overview Life on Earth is solar powered. The chloroplasts of plants use a process called photosynthesis to capture light energy from the sun and convert it to
More informationLecture Series 13 Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun
Lecture Series 13 Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun A. Identifying Photosynthetic Reactants and Products B. The Two Pathways of Photosynthesis: An Overview C. Properties
More informationChapter 7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko
Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon, Jean
More informationphotosynthesis autotrophic organisms photoautotrophs photoautotrophs chapter 14
autotrophic organisms heterotroph autotrophs produce organic nutrients from and HS. Chemoautotrophs use energy from inorganic molecules. hotoautotrophs use radiant energy to make organic compounds photosynthesis
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction: Plant Power Plants use water and atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce a simple sugar and liberate oxygen Earth s plants
More informationPhotosynthesis Overview
Photosynthesis 1 2 Photosynthesis Overview Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by Cyanobacteria
More informationNOTES: CH 10, part 3 Calvin Cycle (10.3) & Alternative Mechanisms of C-Fixation (10.4)
NOTES: CH 10, part 3 Calvin Cycle (10.3) & Alternative Mechanisms of C-Fixation (10.4) 10.3 - The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO 2 to sugar The Calvin cycle, like the citric acid cycle,
More informationPhotosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food
Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fourth Edition Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and Jean Dickey Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology,
More informationWhere It Starts - Photosynthesis
Where It Starts - Photosynthesis What Is Photosynthesis? The Rainbow Catchers Making ATP and NADPH Making Sugars Alternate Pathways What is Photosynthesis? Energy flow through ecosystems begins when photosynthesizers
More informationPhotosynthesis. I. Photosynthesis overview A. Purpose B. Location. The light vs. the dark reaction Chloroplasts pigments A. Light absorption B.
Photosynthesis I. Photosynthesis overview A. Purpose B. Location II. III. The light vs. the dark reaction Chloroplasts pigments A. Light absorption B. Types IV. Light reactions A. Photosystems B. Photophosphorylation
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS: converts light energy to the chemical energy of food 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2
Photosynthesis Life on Earth is solar powered Photosynthesis nourishes almost all the living world directly or indirectly All organisms use organic compounds for energy and for carbon skeletons. Organisms
More informationChapter 7: Photosynthesis
Chapter 7: Photosynthesis Electromagnetic Spectrum Shortest wavelength Longest wavelength Gamma rays X-rays UV radiation Visible light Infrared radiation Microwaves Radio waves Photons Packets of light
More informationPhotosynthesis (Chapter 7 Outline) A. For life based on organic compounds, two questions can be raised:
Photosynthesis (Chapter 7 Outline) Sun, Rain, and Survival A. For life based on organic compounds, two questions can be raised: 1. Where does the carbon come from? 2. Where does the energy come from to
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Photosynthesis and Energy. Photosynthesis and Energy. Photosynthesis. Making food from light energy.
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis BIOL 3 Photosynthesis and Energy Photosynthesis Making food from light energy Photoautotrophs Use CO and water to make sugars Made life possible as we know it Provides carbohydrates
More informationChapter 10 Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis The process which feeds the Biosphere! Recall that all forms of life require energy Some forms of life have the ability to sustain themselves without eating anything
More informationOverall, photosynthesis is the conversion of the Sun s energy to stored chemical energy. (glucose) The overall reaction for photosynthesis:
A.P. Biology Chapter 10- Photosynthesis Scale: 0 - No understanding of the concept and chemical process of photosynthesis. 1- With help, a partial understanding of the reactants and products of the photosynthesis
More informationAP Biology Day 22. Monday, October 10, 2016
AP Biology Day 22 Monday, October 10, 2016 Discuss: Do-Now Group Discussion What is the equation for photosynthesis, and why is it a redox reaction? What are the steps of photosynthesis, and where does
More informationPhotosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Overview Chapter 8 Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis. 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by: cyanobacteria,
More informationBio 111 Study Guide Chapter 10 Photosynthesis
Bio 111 Study Guide Chapter 10 Photosynthesis BEFORE CLASS: Reading: Read the whole chapter from p. 185-207. You can skip the topic of cyclic electron flow on p. 196-197. Figure 10.18 puts all of the light
More informationChapter 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Outline. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Outline Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis converts solar energy
More informationWhere It Starts: Photosynthesis. Chapter 5
Where It Starts: Photosynthesis Chapter 5 Photosynthesis Metabolic Pathways Converts light energy to chemical energy. Photoautotrophs Organisms that can perform photosynthesis Cyanobacteria (prokaryotic-no
More informationpigments AP BIOLOGY PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Light Reactions Visible light is part of electromagnetic spectrum
AP BIOLOGY PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Light Reactions http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html Sunlight is made up of many different wavelengths of light Your eyes see different
More informationlight-dependent reactions (i.e., light reactions)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture you will be able to: 1. Understand that ENERGY can be transformed from one form to another. 2. Know that energy exist in two forms; free energy - available
More informationOutline - Photosynthesis
Outlin Photosynthesis Photosynthesis 1. An Overview of Photosynthesis & Respiration 2. Autotrophs and producers 3. Electromagnetic Spectrum & light energy 4. Chloroplasts: Structure and Function 5. Photosynthetic
More informationChapter 10. Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Lecture Outline Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Life on Earth is solar powered. The chloroplasts of plants use a process called photosynthesis to capture light
More informationHow do cells obtain energy from food molecules? Unit 5: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. It is an extremely simple cellular process.
Unit 5: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis How do cells obtain energy from food molecules? 1. Cellular respiration release energy from food molecules 2. Glycolysis begins the production of Energy
More informationEnergy can be transformed from one form to another
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture you will be able to: Photosynthesis 1. Understand that ENERGY can be transformed from one form to another. 2. Know that energy exist in two forms; free energy
More informationMetabolism 2 Photosynthesis
Metabolism 2 Photosynthesis Light energy is trapped in the form of high energy electrons. High energy electrons are used to synthesize ATP and reduce CO 2 to form carbohydrates. Oxygen is produced as a
More informationJust Like the Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis
Just Like the Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis An Overview of Photosynthesis Most of the energy used by almost all living cells ultimately comes from the sun plants, algae, and some bacteria capture the
More informationPhotosynthesis in Nature
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis in Nature 1. Plants and other autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere 2. Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plants Introduction Life on Earth is solar powered.
More informationChapter 7 AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Introduction. Introduction. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes
Chapter 7 hotosynthesis: Using to Make Food Introduction lants, algae, and certain prokaryotes convert light energy to chemical energy and store the chemical energy in sugar, made from carbon dioxide and
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS: THE LIGHT REACTIONS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: THE LIGHT REACTIONS ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O Organic + O molecules 2 Cellular respiration in mitochondria 1 PHOTOAUTOTROPHS The producers of the biosphere AUTOTROPH means self
More informationEnergy can be transformed from one form to another. FREE ENERGY (available for work) vs. HEAT (not available for work)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Energy can be transformed from one form to another FREE ENERGY (available for work) vs. HEAT (not available for work) THE SUN: MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIFE ON EARTH THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
More informationChapter 10. Photosynthesis. Concept 10.1 Photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of food
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Lecture Outline Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Life on Earth is solar powered. The chloroplasts of plants use a process called photosynthesis to capture light
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 8
Photosynthesis Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Overview Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by
More information8.1 Photosynthesis and Energy
BIOL 100 Ch. 8 1 8.1 Photosynthesis and Energy Photosynthesis and Energy Photosynthesis Making food from light energy Photoautotrophs Use CO2 and water to make sugars Made life possible as we know it Provides
More informationChapter 10. Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Lecture Outline Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Life on Earth is solar powered. The chloroplasts of plants use a process called photosynthesis to capture light
More informationHarvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1
Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1 Agenda I. Overview (Big Pictures) of Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration II. Making Glucose - Photosynthesis III. Making ATP - Cellular
More informationLocated in the thylakoid membranes. Chlorophyll have Mg + in the center. Chlorophyll pigments harvest energy (photons) by absorbing certain
a review Located in the thylakoid membranes. Chlorophyll have Mg + in the center. Chlorophyll pigments harvest energy (photons) by absorbing certain wavelengths (blue-420 nm and red-660 nm are most important).
More informationChapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis. Chapter 7: Photosynthesis. What is Photosynthesis?
Chapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis What is Photosynthesis? Answer: The capture of sunlight energy and the subsequent storage of that energy in the chemical bonds (e.g., glucose) Chemical
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS. Chapter 10
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Modes of Nutrition Autotrophs self-feeders Capture free energy from physical sources in the environment Photosynthetic organisms = sunlight Chemosynthetic organisms = small inorganic
More informationVital metabolism for survival of life in the earth. Prof Adinpunya Mitra Agricultural & Food Engineering Department
Vital metabolism for survival of life in the earth Prof Adinpunya Mitra Agricultural & Food Engineering Department THE SUN: MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIFE ON EARTH THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Almost all
More informationName 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light To Make Food Test Date Study Guide You must know: How photosystems convert solar energy to chemical energy.
Name _ 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light To Make Food Test Date Study Guide You must know: How photosystems convert solar energy to chemical energy. How linear electron flow in the light reactions results
More information