Comparative Performance of the Microbial Supplements Voodoo Juice, Piranha Liquid, and Tarantula Liquid on Vegetative Growth and Flowering
|
|
- Shanon Rudolf Davis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Comparative Performance of the Microbial Supplements Voodoo Juice, Piranha Liquid, and Tarantula Liquid on Vegetative Growth and Flowering Product Efficacy Test Report Conducted by: Valentin Savov Konstantin Chakalov Todorka Popova Conducted at: Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski Faculty of Biology Department of Biotechnology 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd. Sofia, Bulgaria Trial period: June 30 December 22, 2011
2 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 1 Introduction Hydroponic gardeners and horticulturalists use microbial supplements to bring the best of the soil food web its bottom tier, which consists of beneficial bacteria and fungi into their hydroponic gardens. In naturally rich soil, myriad beneficial microbes live symbiotically with plants, helping to strengthen their roots and increase their root mass. This relationship increases plants ability to absorb nutrients, thus directly contributing to greater vegetative growth and bigger yields. Beneficial microorganisms also help to keep the rhizosphere healthy by improving the microecological equilibrium, helping to fight off pathogens, and fulfilling many other advantageous functions (van der Heijden et al., 1998, Vessey 2003). However, beneficial microbes are typically absent from hydroponic growing systems and substrates, putting hydroponic root systems at a disadvantage. Therefore, certain hydroponic fertilizer manufacturers have taken to producing microbial supplements containing beneficial rhizobacteria and/ or rhizofungi in order to promote the colonization and inoculation of the rhizosphere by these naturally occurring, root-symbiotic microorganisms. Voodoo Juice, Piranha Liquid (Piranha), and Tarantula Liquid (Tarantula) are three microbial supplements produced by Advanced Nutrients, Ltd. (AN). Voodoo Juice and Tarantula contain beneficial bacterial species, while Piranha contains beneficial fungal and bacterial species. Theoretically, the application of such microbial supplements should result in numerous, significant benefits for plants grown hydroponically, including: Greater availability of nutrients due to microbes breaking them down into more bioavailable forms (Landeweert et al., 2001) and building up more root mass, resulting in higher absorption of nutrients and water (Vessey 2003). Beneficial microbes also secrete growth and bloom cofactors directly into plants, enabling them to increase growth and flowering (Gutiérrez-Mañero et al., 2001; Lebuhn, Heulin, and Hartmann, 1997; Strzelczyk and Pokojska-Burdziej, 1984; Timmusk et al., 1999). With these principles in mind, Voodoo Juice was developed to significantly expand plant root mass and therefore nutrient absorption. Biocontrol by means of mycoparasitism. Trichoderma, a powerful genus of fungi, is especially capable in this regard, devouring pathogenic fungi and bacteria and keeping the balance of microbial life in the rhizosphere in equilibrium. Trichoderma species have been widely used both as antagonistic fungal agents against several pests and as plant growth enhancers. Through mycoparasitism, they compete effectively for space and nutrients and kill pathogens through enzymes, antibiotics, and induced plant defense mechanisms (Verma et al., 2007). That way, no single microbial population is permitted to outnumber any other and create an imbalance. Piranha, which includes Trichoderma and other beneficial fungi, is intended to increase nutrient absorption and destroy harmful fungi and other pathogens, maintaining a healthy ecological balance among both beneficial and harmful microorganisms. A healthier rhizosphere due to the establishment of an ecological balance of rhizospheric microorganisms and better resistance to root diseases can also be achieved by beneficial bacteria. Many root diseases are caused by the decay of old roots and other organic waste matter, which can attract unwanted pathogens to the root zone. However, this waste can also be recycled by microbial enzymes into bioavailable forms. This recycling significantly increases the amount of available nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus (Richardson et al., 2009). Several benefical bacterial species also increase the induced systemic resistance of plants and render them better able to fight off pathogens
3 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 2 (Kloepper, Ryu and Zhang, 2004). The species of beneficial bacteria contained in Tarantula are known to perform such functions. They are also intended to inoculate the roots, safeguarding them against diseases by competing with and warding off harmful bacteria and increasing the plant s systemic resistance to other pathogens. To view the species these three supplements contain, see Appendix II: Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula labels. Based on our experience and on feedback from AN clients and customers, we have developed a hypothesis that Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula are highly suitable for promoting flowering. Abundant anecdotal evidence suggests it is possible to significantly increase flowering using these products, even without the application of standard bloom-boosting supplements (i.e., those containing additional phosphorus and/or potassium augmenting the essential elements provided by the base fertilizer). Materials and methods Procedure The following products were obtained: 40 L bottles of ph P Grow, ph Micro, and ph P Bloom (ph P GMB) 40 L bottles of Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula Nutrient solutions (NSes) were prepared using deionized RO water as follows: Background NS: ph P GMB according to the label application rate of 4 ml/l of ph Perfect Grow + 4 ml/l of ph Perfect Micro + 4 ml/l of Perfect Bloom NSes with microbial supplements: background NS + Voodoo Juice, Piranha, or Tarantula at 2 ml (i.e., equal to the label application rate) (Table 1) To test this hypothesis, we selected poinsettia, whose red-colored leaves, or bracts, develop by photoperiodism. Specifically, they require a sustained period (i.e., five or more days) of 12 hours of darkness to change color as well as abundant light during the day to achieve their richest coloration (Phipps, accessed in 2013). Therefore, the photoperiodic response of poinsettia resembles that of certain high-value crops frequently grown hydroponically. Variant Control Recommended dose of Voodoo Juice Recommended dose of Piranha Recommended dose of Tarantula NS ph P GMB: background Background + 2 ml/l of Voodoo Juice Background + 2 ml/l of Piranha Background + 2 ml/l of Tarantula The aim of this experiment was to determine the influence of Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula when applied on top of base nutrients ph Perfect Grow (ph P Grow), ph Perfect Micro (ph P Micro), and ph Perfect Bloom (ph P Bloom) on the vegetative growth and flowering (i.e., red leaf development) of poinsettia, a short-day plant. Table 1. Test design for weeks Well-developed Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia cultivar Premium Red) cuttings, rooted and established quickly, were transplanted into 0.5 L pots containing the substrate Sunshine Mix #4 TM. Four plants were provided for each variant.
4 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 3 The irrigation was designed so that the solution could flow out. During daylight hours, one or two irrigations (using L solution per plant for each irrigation) were done. The plants were grown in a phytochamber at C during the daylight period (18 hours for the first four weeks (vegetative stage) and 10 hours for the next nine weeks the so-called bloom phase ) and at C during the nighttime period. They were illuminated with 600 W/m 2 lamps. plants were irrigated with the same NS. Before each irrigation, the NSes were stirred vigorously so as to absorb gases from the atmosphere. Types of analysis Biometrical measurement of the weight of the fresh shoots and the dry shoots, the red leaf area, and the percentage of red leaf area to total leaf area. All NSes were prepared fresh every week. They were kept in bottles throughout the week and the same
5 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 4 Results and discussion The data represented in following charts show the results of the biometrical measurements. (To view the tables on which the charts are based, see Appendix I: Tables.) Total fresh weight of poinsettia shoots Percent vs. control; 2 ml Control Voodoo Juice Piranha Tarantula Figure 1. Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula increased fresh vegetative biomass by 20%, 15%, and 5%, respectively. Total dry weight of poinsettia shoots Percent vs. control; 2 ml Control Voodoo Juice Piranha Tarantula Figure 2. Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula increased dry vegetative biomass by 18%, 14%, and 11%, respectively.
6 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 5 Total red leaf area of poinsettias Percent vs. control; 2 ml Control Voodoo Juice Piranha Tarantula Figure 3. Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula increased yields (i.e., red leaf area) by 118%, 68%, and 12%, respectively. Total red leaf area of poinsettias Relative percent of red leaf area to total leaf area vs. control; 2 ml Control Voodoo Juice Piranha Tarantula Figure 4. Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula increased the percentage of red leaf area to total leaf area over the control by 40%, 32%, and 26%, respectively.
7 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 6 Vegetative growth All three supplements Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula significantly influenced the formation of fresh shoots, increasing them by 20%, 15%, and 5%, respectively (Figure 1). Moreover, Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula had a significant effect on dry-shoot weight, with Voodoo Juice increasing it by 18%, Piranha by 14%, and Tarantula by 11% (Figure 2). These positive results on vegetative growth were echoed in an experiment run with Piranha, Tarantula, and two competing microbial supplements on basil. Flowering As we had hypothesized, Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula increased flowering (i.e., red leaf area) even without the application of standard bloom-boosting supplements. Although none of these supplements contain phosphorus, potassium, or other essential elements, all of them including Tarantula, which is intended to serve more as a biocontrol agent than as a nutrient-absorption enhancer had a direct positive impact on yields. as possible hormone-like activity of one or more species of beneficial bacteria. We expect Piranha s influence on flowering to be the result of increased root mass and more efficient nutrient absorption, as well as the beneficially antagonistic fungal activity of its fungal species which, like those in Tarantula, should serve as rhizospheric inoculants. We suspect Tarantula s more modest yet still significant increase in flowering was an indirect result of its intended specialization as a rhizospheric inoculant. Its Bacillus bacterial species are known to out-compete other pathogenic bacteria, ensuring a healthier, more ecologically balanced rhizosphere. This study demonstrated greater positive influence of Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula on flowering than the control. These positive results on flowering were echoed in an experiment run with Voodoo Juice and two competing microbial supplements on chrysanthemum. Voodoo Juice significantly increased the percentage of red leaf area to the control indeed, by 118% while Piranha and Tarantula followed suit with a 68% and 12% yield increase, respectively (Figure 3). Voodoo Juice also significantly increased the ratio of red leaf to the total leaf area by 40%, Piranha by 32%, and Tarantula by 26% (Figure 4). In colloquial terms, this means all three microbial supplements produced much redder plants that is, plants characterized by more visible red leaf color than the control plants: We speculate that the impact of Voodoo Juice on flowering is the result of increased nutrient absorption due to a larger root system, as well Figure 5. Flowering poinsettias during the efficacy testing.
8 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 7 A few additional, interrelated comments are in order: 1. Taken together, these products contain numerous strains of bacteria and fungi that are often incompatible in concentrated solution and therefore need to be bottled separately to sustain viable populations. Once released in diluted form into the soil or into a nutrient reservoir of a hydroponic system, incompatibility should no longer pose a challenge. 2. Indeed, given that the action of these three products should theoretically complement each other and this has been substantiated by ample anecdotal evidence we postulate that excellent synergies should occur when Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula are applied together. 3. Therefore, in order to confirm and determine the precise extent of these synergies, we plan to perform efficacy tests in which we will apply all three of these microbial supplements together. Since poinsettia (Figure 5) is a short-day plant, these findings could be of interest to gardeners and horticulturalists who are seeking to increase the flowering of other high-value short-day crops. * * * To learn more about the scientifically proven efficacy of Advanced Nutrients products and the science of hydroponics, download more white papers, efficacy reports, and special reports from the Hydroponics Research website at Share this special report now with friends, coworkers, and family.
9 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 8 References Ames, R., Reid, C., Porter, L., and Cambardella, C., Hyphal uptake and transport of nitrogen from two 15 N-labelled sources by Glomus mosseae, a vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. New Phytologist, 95 (3), pp Brownlee, C., Duddridge, J.A., Malibari, A., and Read, D.J., The structure and function of mycelial systems of ectomycorrhizal roots with special reference to their role in forming inter-plant connections and providing pathways for assimilate and water transport. Plant and Soil, 71, pp Gutiérrez-Mañero, F.J., et al., The plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis produce high amounts of physiologically active gibberellins. Physiologia Plantarum, 111 (2), pp Kloepper, J.W., Ryu, C.M., and Zhang, S., Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus spp. Phytopathology, 94 (11), pp Landeweert, R., et al., Linking plants to rocks: ectomycorrhizal fungi mobilize nutrients from minerals. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16 (5), pp Lebuhn, M., Heulin T., and Hartmann, A., Production of auxin and other indolic and phenolic compounds by Paenibacillus polymyxa strains isolated from different proximity to plant roots. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 22 (4), pp Phipps, Nikki. How to make poinsettia turn red make a poinsettia rebloom, Gardening Know How, [online] Available at:< [Accessed 5 August 2013]. Strzelczyk, E. and Pokojska-Burdziej, A., Production of auxins and gibberellin-like substances by mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes isolated from soil and the mycorrhizosphere of pine (Pinus silvestris L.). Plant and Soil, 81 (2), pp Timmusk, S., Nicander, B., Granhall, U., and Tillberg, E., Cytokinin production by Paenibacillus polymyxa. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 31 (13), pp van der Heijden, M.G., et al., Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature, 396, pp Verma, M., et al., Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp: panoply of biological control. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 37 (1), pp Vessey, J.K Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil. 255, pp
10 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 9 Appendix I: Tables Voodoo Juice Control ph P GMB Recommended dose (2 ml/l) Fresh shoots, ave. g/plant 1st series nd series Average Dry shoots, ave. g/plant 1st series nd series Average Total green leaf area, cm 2 1st series 2, , nd series 2, , Average 2, , Total red leaf area, cm 2 1st series , nd series , Average , % of red leaf area to total leaf area 1st series nd series Average Table 2. Biometric data of the poinsettia plants tested with Voodoo Juice.
11 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 10 Piranha Control ph P GMB Recommended dose (2 ml/l) Fresh shoots, ave. g/plant 1st series nd series Average Dry shoots, ave. g/plant 1st series nd series Average Total green leaf area, cm 2 1st series 2, , nd series 2, , Average 2, , Total red leaf area, cm 2 1st series nd series , Average % of red leaf area to total leaf area 1st series nd series Average Table 3. Biometric data of the poinsettia plants tested with Piranha.
12 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 11 Tarantula Control ph P GMB Recommended dose (2 ml/l) Fresh shoots, ave. g/plant 1st series nd series Average Dry shoots, ave. g/plant 1st series nd series Average Total green leaf area, cm 2 1st series 2, , nd series 2, , Average 2, , Total red leaf area, cm 2 1st series nd series Average % of red leaf area to total leaf area 1st series nd series Average Table 4. Biometric data of the poinsettia plants tested with Tarantula.
13 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski 12 Appendix: Voodoo Juice, Piranha, and Tarantula labels * * The labels featured here were current at the time this efficacy report was published. Since that time, the labels may have been updated or amended. Therefore, the labels you see here may be obsolete. Do not print, copy, or distribute these labels.
14 Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohridski
15
Fully approved by The South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries Registration Number: B4807
ExploGrow is a revolutionary 100% organic biofertiliser in a league of its own, comprising 17 highly complex micro-organisms, environmentally friendly soil ameliorant and plant growth stimulant, with increased
More informationTreat the Cause not the symptom
Treat the Cause not the symptom A few facts about Novozymes Biologicals Bu sin ess d ivisio n o f No vo zym es w it h it s o w n R& D, Manufacturing, Sales & Marketing, Administration Headquartered in
More informationBIO-SYNERGY. Realise an unprecedented level of genetic. symbiot.com.au
BI-YERGY Realise an unprecedented level of genetic potential, plant quality and yield! UE A L A Y M B I R CDIIER UE EHACER 1 2 3 Mycorrhizal Root Inoculant Microbial utrient Additive FLIAR RAY Microbial
More informationInteractions Between Microorganisms and Higher Plants from Competition to Symbiosis p. 184
Introduction What Are Soils? p. 3 Introduction p. 3 Soil Genesis p. 4 Rock Weathering or Decay p. 4 Importance of Soil Texture p. 5 Input of Organic Matter into Soils and Aggregation p. 7 Migration Processes
More informationfor GREENHOUSES GREENHOUSE Why are Mycorrhizae Important? Benefit to Plants
GREENHOUSE for GREENHOUSES Why are Mycorrhizae Important? Mycorrhizal fungi are essential to living soils, and allowed plants to colonize the surface of our planet around 450 million years ago. More than
More informationHigh Performance Biology
High Performance Biology Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ s) +61 3 5133 9118 What is Bacstim 100? Bacstim 100 is a microbial based product containing 5 different spore forming Bacillus spp. strains. The
More informationPhenanthrene and pyrene uptake by arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ( ) Buy online at
Mycorrhizal Fungi:: Soil, Agriculture And Environmental Implications (Air, Water And Soil Pollution Science And Technology; Agriculture Issues And Policies) READ ONLINE Phenanthrene and pyrene uptake by
More informationMicrobial Activity in the Rhizosphere
K. G. Mukerji C. Manoharachary J. Singh (Eds.) Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere With 35 Figures 4y Springer 1 Rhizosphere Biology - an Overview 1 Chakravarthula Manoharachary, Krishna G. Mukerji 1.1
More informationSoil Biology. Chapter 10
Soil Biology Chapter 10 The Sounds of Soil Soil as a Transition Between Aquatic and Aerial System Bacteria in a Drying Environment Wet (open structure) Dry (dense) Holden P.A., J.R. Hunt, and M. K. Firestone,
More informationLidia Sas Paszt The Rhizosphere Laboratory, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland,
Lidia Sas Paszt lidia.sas@inhort.pl The Rhizosphere Laboratory, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland, www.inhort.pl - Research on the role of roots & rhizosphere in growth & yelding
More informationAGR1006. Assessment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculants for Pulse Crop Production Systems
AGR1006 Assessment of AMF Inoculants for pulse crop production systems 1 AGR1006 Assessment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculants for Pulse Crop Production Systems INVESTIGATORS Principal Investigator:
More informationDoug Kremer President Mike Kelly Director Turf Operations. Maximizing Earth s Potential
Doug Kremer President Mike Kelly Director Turf Operations Company Background Founded in 1998 to develop microbiological products - Integrated Fertility Management (IFM) Convert atmospheric nitrogen to
More informationAssessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms (90927)
NCEA Level 1 Biology (90927) 2016 page 1 of 5 Assessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms (90927) Evidence Statement Question One No response
More informationCommercial microbial inoculants with endophytes (an overview)
Commercial microbial inoculants with endophytes (an overview) Matthias Döring INOQ GmbH, Germany Vorname Name www.inoq.de 1 Inquiries about products with ENDOPHYTES by: EU commission of agriculture German
More information21-3 Ecology of Fungi Slide 1 of 23
1 of 23 21-3 Ecology of Fungi The oldest known fungi fossils are about 230 million years old. Fungi may have helped early plants obtain nutrients and may have been essential to plants colonization of the
More informationPlant Nutrition and Transport. Chapter 29
Plant Nutrition and Transport Chapter 29 Overview: Underground Plants The success of plants depends on their ability to gather and conserve resources from their environment. The transport of materials
More informationThe role of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains in growth and phosphate concentration of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
829 The role of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains in growth and phosphate of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Mojtaba Yousefi Rad * and Nazila Heshmatpoure Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Saveh
More informationFind this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site.
Find this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site. Still having trouble understanding the material? Check
More informationResearch in Biotechnology, 2(4): 07-12, 2011 ` ISSN: X
Research in Biotechnology, 2(4): 07-12, 2011 ` ISSN: 2229-791X www.researchinbiotechnology.com Regular Article Activation of rice plant growth against Rhizoctonia solani using Pseudomonas fluorescens,
More informationOrchidaceae Vanillin.
INTRODUCTION Biological control of plant pathogens is considered as a potential control strategy in recent years, because chemical control results in accumulation of harmful chemical residues, which may
More informationWhy Should You Consider Using Mycorrhizae? Northeast Greenhouse Conference 2018 Mycorrhizal Applications LLC 1
Why Should You Consider Using Mycorrhizae? Mycorrhizal Applications LLC 1 A mutually beneficial relationship, which is characterized by movement of carbon flows to the fungus and inorganic nutrients move
More informationAs negative mycorrhizal growth responses (MGR) have received more experimental attention
Supplemental Material: Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2011. 62:227-250 Supplementary A Negative mycorrhizal responses As negative mycorrhizal growth responses (MGR) have received more experimental attention it
More informationRole of mycorrhizal fungi in belowground C and N cycling
Role of mycorrhizal fungi in belowground C and N cycling Doc. Jussi Heinonsalo Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki Finnish Meteorological Institute Finland The aim and learning goals
More informationASSOCIATION OF MICROFLORA WITH RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis) AND THEIR BENEFICIAL ROLES
ASSOCIATION OF MICROFLORA WITH RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis) AND THEIR BENEFICIAL ROLES Introduction: The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.), the most important source of natural
More informationMicrobial Interactions: Essential Part of Below-Ground Biocontrol Wietse de Boer
Microbial Interactions: Essential Part of Below-Ground Biocontrol Wietse de Boer NIOO-KNAW (Microbial Ecology) WUR (Soil Quality) Wageningen Email: w.deboer@nioo.knaw.nl Rhizosphere: Hotspot of Microbial
More informationWhen do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi protect plant roots from pathogens?
1 1 When do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi protect plant roots from pathogens? 2 3 4 Benjamin A. Sikes Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Addendum
More informationAmutha and Kokila, IJALS, Volume (7) Issue (2) May RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of on symbiotic association of Glomus aggregatum an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus K. Amutha and V. Kokila Department of Biotechnology, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Email
More informationWantira Ranabuht Department of Botany, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University
EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LETTUCE Wantira Ranabuht Department of Botany, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Lettuce Lettuce : Lactuca sativa L. Family
More informationReduced Rhizoctonia solani and Streptomyces sp. infection by using combined microbial inocula on organic potato
Reduced Rhizoctonia solani and Streptomyces sp. infection by using combined microbial inocula on organic potato Orsolya Papp, Borbála Biró, Éva Abod, Tímea Jung, Imre Tirczka, Dóra Drexler Introduction,
More information(DMB 01) M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECEMBER First Year. Microbiology. Paper I INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
wk 7 (DMB 01) Paper I INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS PART A (5 8 = 40 marks) 1. Explain the growth of microbiology in the twentieth century. 2. Describe the structure of eukaryotic cell with a neat-labeled
More informationHow Mycorrhizae Can Improve Plant Quality
How Mycorrhizae Can Improve Plant Quality 33 How Mycorrhizae Can Improve Plant Quality Michael P. Amaranthus, Larry Simpson, and Thomas D. Landis Mycorrhizal Applications Inc., 810 NW E Street, Grants
More informationGnzman-Plazola. R.A.. R. Ferrera-Cerrato and JJX Etchevers. Centro de Edafologia, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico.
Gnzman-Plazola. R.A.. R. Ferrera-Cerrato and JJX Etchevers. Centro de Edafologia, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico. LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA, A PLANT OF HIGH MYCORRHIZAL DEPENDENCE IN ACID SOILS
More informationEFFECTS OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI GLOMUS MOSSEAE ON THE YIELD FORMATION OF TOMATOES. Dubova L. 1*, I. Alsina 1, L. Liepina 2, M. Dūma 1
Genetics and Plant Physiology 2014, Volume 4 (3 4), pp. 225 231 Special Issue (Part 2) Conference Plant Physiology and Genetics Achievements and Challenges 24-26 September 2014 Sofia, Bulgaria 2014 Published
More informationFeedback between nutrient availability, NPP and N release
Feedback between nutrient availability, NPP and N release 1 Redfield ratios A typical plant = 45% C, 1.5% N, 0.2%P or C:N = 30 : 1 and C:P = 225 : 1 or C:N:P = 225 : 7.5 : 1 N:P = 7.5 : 1 Mobility of nutrients
More informationGeneration Date: 12/07/2015 Generated By: Tristan Wiley Title: Bio I Winter Packet
Generation Date: 12/07/2015 Generated By: Tristan Wiley Title: Bio I Winter Packet 1. Many natural ecosystems have been destroyed by human activity. To better manage our remaining natural ecosystems, we
More informationVolume 2, ISSN (Online), Published at:
BIOLOGICAL METHOD PROTECTION OF THE SUGAR BEET AGAINST PATHOGENIC FUNGI CAUSING ROOT ROT Irina E. Smirnova, Amankeldy K. Sadanov, Ramilya. Sh. Galimbayeva, Svetlana A. Aytkeldiyeva Institute of Microbiology
More informationEFFECT OF INOCULATION WITH VAM-FUNGI AND BRADYRHIZOBIUM ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN IN SINDH
Pak. J. Bot., 37(1): 169-173, 2005. EFFECT OF INOCULATION WITH VAM-FUNGI AND BRADYRHIZOBIUM ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN IN SINDH Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
More informationSecondary Succession and its Effects on Soil Nutrients and Fungal Communities. Amanda Cayo
Cayo 1 Secondary Succession and its Effects on Soil Nutrients and Fungal Communities Amanda Cayo Abstract Fungi serve many purposes in ecosystems from fixing nitrogen for plants to decomposing detritus.
More informationWorksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #13 Bacteriology
Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #13 Bacteriology Ex. 13-1: INVESTIGATING CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA Lab Study A: Colony Morphology Table 13.1 Characteristics of Bacterial Colonies Name of Bacteria
More informationAgronomy 485/585 Test #1 October 2, 2014
Agronomy 485/585 Test #1 October 2, 2014 Name Part I. Circle the one best answer (2 points each). 1. The most important microbial group in promoting soil structure likely is the. a) actinomycetes b) algae
More informationChapter 4 AND 5 Practice
Name: Chapter 4 AND 5 Practice 1. Events that occur in four different ecosystems are shown in the chart below. Which ecosystem would most likely require the most time for ecological succession to restore
More informationINOCULATED BROAD BEANS (VICIA FABA) AS A PRECROP FOR SPRING ONIONS (ALLIUM CEPA)
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (CROP SCIENCES, ANIAL SCIENCES) DOI:1.22616/rrd.23.217.46 INOCULATED BROAD BEANS (VICIA FABA) AS A PRECROP FOR SPRING ONIONS (ALLIU CEPA) Latvia University of Agriculture Laila.Dubova@llu.lv
More informationAbsorption of Mineral Salts by Higher Plant
Article Shared by Absorption of Mineral Salts by Higher Plant Let us make an in-depth study of the Mycorrhizae. After reading this article you will learn about their role in absorption of mineral salts
More informationplant physiology and energy conversion to plant systems. identify the components and the functions of plant describe the processes of
Plant Systems-AG1 Essential Questions: 1. How do plant classification, plant anatomy, and plant physiology affect the production and management of plants? 2. What are the necessary steps to Prepare and
More informationRoot-Knot Nematode on Tomato Plants: Effects of Nemacur, Phosphorus and. Infection Time
Ayman Elbuhuth Scientific Journal., Vol 5, pp. 88-107, 1996 Interaction of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi and Root-Knot Nematode on Tomato Plants: Effects of Nemacur, Phosphorus and Infection Time M. O. MIRGHANI
More information1 These are living cells that lack nuclei and ribosomes; they transport sugars and other organic nutrients
1 These are living cells that lack nuclei and ribosomes; they transport sugars and other organic nutrients collenchyma parenchyma sclerenchyma sieve cells tracheids 2 The fiber cells of plants are a type
More informationDepartment of Agriculture, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran. Corresponding author: Hamidreza Mobasser
Journal of Novel Applied Sciences Available online at www.jnasci.org 2013 JNAS Journal-2013-2-10/456-460 ISSN 2322-5149 2013 JNAS Study of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi symbiosis with maize
More informationSOIL ECOLOGY TERMS. From Soil Quality Thunderbook, National Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2005).
SOIL ECOLOGY TERMS actinomycetes: A large group of bacteria that grow in long filaments that are too small to see without magnification. Actinomycetes generate the smell of healthy soil, and are important
More informationChapter 37: Plant Nutrition - A Nutritional Network
Chapter 37: Plant Nutrition - A Nutritional Network Every organism continually exchanges energy and materials with its environment For a typical plant, water and minerals come from the soil, while carbon
More information1. The graph below represents a change in event A that leads to changes in events B and C.
1. The graph below represents a change in event A that leads to changes in events B and C. Which row in the chart best identifies each event in the graph? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2. A stable ecosystem is characterized
More informationSoil Microbes. Judith Fitzpatrick, Ph.D.
Soil Microbes Judith Fitzpatrick, Ph.D. The Superorganism This chart taken from data of Ingham, R.E. et all 1985 www.jstor.org/stable/1942528 Effect of microbes on weight of plant shoot in mg. Plant +
More information9 Week Review Biology. Magnolia High School 2015
9 Week Review Biology Magnolia High School 2015 What is the cellular process shown below? Phagocytosis The BEST choice to complete this concept map! Animal Cell or Plant Cell? PLANT Cell What is the function
More informationMrs. Fanek Ecology Date
Name Period Mrs. Fanek Ecology Date 1. The graph below represents a change in event A that leads to changes in events B and C. Which row in the chart best identifies each event in the graph? A) 1 B) 2
More informationABSTRACT I. INTRODUCTION
2017 IJSRST Volume 3 Issue 7 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Chemical Properties of Experimental Barren Soil
More informationEffect of microbial inoculants (VAM and PSB) on soil physicochemical
ISSN : 0974-7435 Volume 7 Issue 8 Effect of microbial inoculants (VAM and PSB) on soil physicochemical properties A.Sandhya 1, T.Vijaya 2, G.Narasimha 3 * 1 Department of Biotechnology, SE & T, Sri Padmavati
More informationBIOCONTROL OF ROOT ROT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS
South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1993. 16:70-72 BIOCONTROL OF ROOT ROT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS J.A. DUVENHAGE 1 AND J.M. KOTZÉ 2 Merensky Technological Services, P.O. Box 14, Duiwelskloof
More informationHow do PGRs, biostimulants, and biologicals influence yield?
How do PGRs, biostimulants, and biologicals influence yield? Jason Haegele Agronomy Manager, WinField United 2016. WinField is a registered trademark and WinField United is a trademark of Winfield Solutions.
More informationNURSERY GREENHOUSE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
For exponential growth Premier Tech Biotechnologies markets horticultural products under the brand name MYKE PRO. Designed for plant, fruit and vegetable professional growers, these products allow them
More informationCommunities Structure and Dynamics
Communities Structure and Dynamics (Outline) 1. Community & niche. 2. Inter-specific interactions with examples. 3. The trophic structure of a community 4. Food chain: primary, secondary, tertiary, and
More informationCommunities Structure and Dynamics
Communities Structure and Dynamics (Outline) 1. Community & niche. 2. Inter-specific interactions with examples. 3. The trophic structure of a community 4. Food chain: primary, secondary, tertiary, and
More informationNature and Science, 2009;7(6), ISSN ,
Effect of phosphorus nutrition on growth and mycorrhizal dependency of Coriaria nepalensis seedlings Kiran Bargali and S.S. Bargali* Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital-263002,
More informationcan affect division, elongation, & differentiation of cells to another region of plant where they have an effect
Note that the following is a rudimentary outline of the class lecture; it does not contain everything discussed in class. Plant Hormones Plant Hormones compounds regulators growth or can affect division,
More informationList of Equipment, Tools, Supplies, and Facilities:
Unit D: ph of Soil Lesson 2: Identifying ph Connection With Plant Growth Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in the students achieving the following objectives: 1. Explain
More informationMycorrhizas And Tropical Soil Fertility [An Article From: Agriculture, Ecosystems And Environment] [HTML] [Digital] By I.M. Cardoso;T.W.
Mycorrhizas And Tropical Soil Fertility [An Article From: Agriculture, Ecosystems And Environment] [HTML] [Digital] By I.M. Cardoso;T.W. Kuyper READ ONLINE If searched for a book Mycorrhizas and tropical
More informationSoil Microbiology. Ambarish Bhuyan Assistant Professor Botany Department MDKG College, Dibrugarh
Soil Microbiology Ambarish Bhuyan Assistant Professor Botany Department MDKG College, Dibrugarh INTRODUCTION Nature of soils Soil arises from the weathering of rocks Soil also produced through the actions
More informationTREES. Functions, structure, physiology
TREES Functions, structure, physiology Trees in Agroecosystems - 1 Microclimate effects lower soil temperature alter soil moisture reduce temperature fluctuations Maintain or increase soil fertility biological
More informationPlant roots and practical value of plant root symbionts
Plant roots and practical value of plant root symbionts Conference at Aleksandro Stulginskio University, Akademija 2 May 2016 Plant Roots: Biology, Morphology, and Functions Priv. Doz. Dr. habil Ewald
More informationMycorrhizal Fungi. Symbiotic relationship with plants -- form sheath around fine roots and extend hyphae into soil and sometimes into root cells
Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiotic relationship with plants -- form sheath around fine roots and extend hyphae into soil and sometimes into root cells Mycorrhizae transfer nutrients to roots (important in infertile
More informationSoil Biology. The Sounds of Soil. Soils and Water, Spring Lecture 9, Soil Biology 1. Soil as a Transition Between Aquatic and Aerial System
Soil Biology Chapter 10 The Sounds of Soil Soil as a Transition Between Aquatic and Aerial System Lecture 9, Soil Biology 1 Bacteria in a Drying Environment Wet (open structure) Dry (dense) Holden P.A.,
More informationEffect of diazotrophs on the mineralization of organic nitrogen in the rhizosphere soils of rice (Oryza sativa)
Journal of Crop and Weed 3(1) : 47-51 (7) Effect of diazotrophs on the mineralization of organic nitrogen in the rhizosphere soils of rice (Oryza sativa) A. C. DAS AND D. SAHA Department of Agricultural
More informationSoil ecology. KEN KILLHAM Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. with electron micrographs by
ot Soil ecology KEN KILLHAM Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen with electron micrographs by R A L P H FOSTER, CSIRO Division of Soils, South Australia CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
More informationEffect Of Inoculation Of Vam Fungi On Enhancement Of Biomass And Yield In Okra. Maruti S. Darade
Effect Of Inoculation Of Vam Fungi On Enhancement Of Biomass And Yield In Okra Maruti S. Darade Department of Botany, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati 444604 (M.S.), India e-mail
More informationImportance of Mycorrhizae for Agricultural Crops 1
SS-AGR-170 Importance of Mycorrhizae for Agricultural Crops 1 R. M. Muchovej 2 What are Mycorrhizae? The word mycorrhizae was first used by German researcher A.B. Frank in 1885, and originates from the
More informationMycorrhizae in relation to crop rotation and tillage Terence McGonigle
Mycorrhizae in relation to crop rotation and tillage Terence McGonigle, Dept. of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9 E- mail: mcgoniglet@brandonu.ca Abstract: Many crops form mycorrhizae,
More informationA Level. A Level Biology. AQA, OCR, Edexcel. Photosynthesis, Respiration Succession and Nutrient Cycle Questions. Name: Total Marks: Page 1
AQA, OCR, Edexcel A Level A Level Biology Photosynthesis, Respiration Succession and Nutrient Cycle Questions Name: Total Marks: Page 1 Q1. The diagram shows the energy flow through a freshwater ecosystem.
More informationEffect of inoculation with VAM fungi at different P levels on flowering parameters of Tagetes erecta L.
Effect of inoculation with VAM fungi at different P levels on flowering parameters of Tagetes erecta L. G. Swathi 1, B. Hemla Naik 2 1 Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of
More informationPlant Biology. 2. Explain why energy is lost between each trophic level (triple only).
1. Calculate the % of energy lost between each level. A-B = B-C = C-D = 80%+ Describe quantitatively the proportion of energy transferred between trophic levels and use this to calculate efficiency (triple
More informationAltitude: m GPS: N W Area under coffee: 0.5 ha/farmer
Use of Mycorrhizae in Seedlings and Nursery Case Study Background Data Tool Category: Adaptation on the farm Variety: Arabica Climatic Hazard: Drought Heat stress Expected Outcome: Higher resilience to
More informationUnit 2 Ecology Study Guide. Niche Autotrophs Heterotrophs Decomposers Demography Dispersion
Vocabulary to know: Ecology Ecosystem Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Communities Population Unit 2 Ecology Study Guide Niche Autotrophs Heterotrophs Decomposers Demography Dispersion Growth Rate Carrying
More informationEFFECTS OF NUTRIENT LEVELS ON THE COLONIZATION OF POA SECUNDA BY ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND DARK SEPTATE ENDOPHYTES
EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT LEVELS ON THE COLONIZATION OF POA SECUNDA BY ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND DARK SEPTATE ENDOPHYTES Preya Sanjay Sheth Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate
More information2013 Assessment Report. Biology Level 1
National Certificate of Educational Achievement 2013 Assessment Report Biology Level 1 90927 Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms 90928 Demonstrate understanding of
More informationThe World of Lichens Part of: Joint Science Education Project at Dartmouth Developed by: Ruth Heindel, Earth Sciences Department, Dartmouth College
The World of Lichens Part of: Joint Science Education Project at Dartmouth Developed by: Ruth Heindel, Earth Sciences Department, Dartmouth College Overview Lichens are incredible symbiotic organisms that
More informationPage 1. Name: UNIT: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION TOPIC: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Name: 4667-1 - Page 1 UNIT: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION TOPIC: PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1) The diagram below illustrates the movement of materials involved in a process that is vital for the energy needs of organisms.
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES 1 INTRODUCTION AIM AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION 7
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES iii xxiii xxviii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 AIM AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION 7 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 8 2.1 AN OVERVIEW OF TEA 8 2.2 TEA
More informationd. Abscisic Acid (ABA) e. Ethylene
AP Bio Plant Unit Review Guide and FRQs Plant Diversity Ch 23 1. List characteristics that distinguish plants from other organisms in other kingdoms. 2. Distinguish between sporophyte or gametophyte, which
More informationOntario Science Curriculum Grade 9 Academic
Grade 9 Academic Use this title as a reference tool. SCIENCE Reproduction describe cell division, including mitosis, as part of the cell cycle, including the roles of the nucleus, cell membrane, and organelles
More informationFOR Soil Quality Report 2017
Student Name: Partner Name: Laboratory Date: FOR 2505 - Soil Quality Report 2017 Objectives of this report: 10 Marks Lab Objectives Section Principles behind methods used to determine soil base cation
More informationAssociative and Endophytic Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and Cyanobacterial Associations
Associative and Endophytic Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and Cyanobacterial Associations Edited by Claudine Elmerich Institut Pasteur, Paris, France and William E. Newton Department of Biochemistry Virginia
More informationEFFECT OF GLOMUS MOSSEAE ON GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CAJANUS CAJAN (VAR. ICPL-87)
Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.45269, SEPT-OCT 2017, VOL- 4/36 EFFECT OF GLOMUS MOSSEAE ON GROWTH AND
More informationKR bluestem: Restoration to native grasses and forbs. David L. Davidson
KR bluestem: Restoration to native grasses and forbs David L. Davidson 1996-2016 Ecological Restoration, vol. 26, No. 4, 2008, pp. 331-339 KR Bluestem Restoration Project update -- 2009 to present In 2007,
More informationCo-inoculated Biopriming with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium Improves Crop Growth in Cicer arietinum and Phaseolus vulgaris
International Journal of Agriculture, Environment & Biotechnology Citation: IJAEB: 6(2): 255-259 June 2013. Plant Pathology Co-inoculated Biopriming with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium Improves
More informationTropical Agricultural Research & Extension 16(4): 2014
Tropical Agricultural Research & Extension 16(4): 2014 EFFECTS OF MYCORRHIZAE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR INORGANIC FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM L.) AND SOY- BEAN (GLYCINE
More informationMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AS BIOFERTILIZER FOR FRUIT TREE PRODUCTION IN THAILAND. Supaporn Thamsurakul 1 and Sompetch Charoensook 2
MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AS BIOFERTILIZER FOR FRUIT TREE PRODUCTION IN THAILAND Supaporn Thamsurakul 1 and Sompetch Charoensook 2 1 Soil Microbiology Research Group, Soil Science Division, Department of Agriculture,
More informationMYCOSYM Plant Vitalizing Systems
June 2009 Page 1 of 9 Mycorrhiza: A Water Management Strategy for Turf Regardless of the environmental conditions, the objective of lawn maintenance is to obtain and keep a dense turf, homogeneous with
More informationAbout me (why am I giving this talk) Dr. Bruce A. Snyder
Ecology About me (why am I giving this talk) Dr. Bruce A. Snyder basnyder@ksu.edu PhD: Ecology (University of Georgia) MS: Environmental Science & Policy BS: Biology; Environmental Science (University
More informationEffect of arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus levels on growth and water use efficiency in Sunflower at different soil moisture status
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus levels on growth and water use efficiency in Sunflower at different soil moisture status T.K. Nagarathna 1, T.G. Prasad 1, D.J. Bagyaraj *2 and Y.G. Shadakshari
More informationAssessment of Microbial diversity in non-rhizosphere soil of forest nurseries in Southern Tamil Nadu, India
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 6 (2014) pp. 454-458 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Assessment of Microbial diversity in non-rhizosphere soil of forest nurseries in Southern Tamil Nadu,
More informationMicrobial Ecology and Microbiomes
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University Packet #16 Chapter #26 Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes Environmental Microbiology Studies the microorganisms
More informationTHE EFFECT OF DOUBLE INOCULATION ON THE BROAD BEANS (VICIA FAbA L.) YIELD QUALITY
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (CROP SCIENCES, ANIMAL SCIENCES) THE EFFECT OF DOUBLE INOCULATION ON THE BROAD BEANS (VICIA FAbA L.) YIELD QUALITY Latvia University of Agriculture Laila.Dubova@llu.lv Abstract Legumes
More informationWorking with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture
Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture SUB Gdttingen 206 384661 Mark Brundrett, Neale Bougher, Bernie Dell, Tim Grove and Nick Malajczuk CONTENTS Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. MYCORRHIZAL
More information