Role of mycorrhizal fungi in belowground C and N cycling
|
|
- Curtis Hall
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Role of mycorrhizal fungi in belowground C and N cycling Doc. Jussi Heinonsalo Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki Finnish Meteorological Institute Finland
2 The aim and learning goals of this lecture To undestand the link between plant photosynthesis and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition To undertand why this is important from climate change perspective
3 Role of mycorrhizal fungi in belowground C and N cycling Why this is important to study and understand? Reason1: Increase in CO 2 -levels Temperature increase in northern latitudes Northern boreal forest zone Source: IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Summary for Policymakers
4 Role of mycorrhizal fungi in belowground C and N cycling Why this is important to study and understand? Reason 2: Northern boreal forests soilscontain a lot of nitrogen (N), but the forest growth is still limited by N. Plant N uptake n kg! Tot al N in soil approx kg! Why plant s do not take up N? Korhonen ym Biogeosciences, 10,
5 The formation and decomposition of SOM Photosynthesis forms organic material that ends up in soil The more the forest grows the more organic matter enters soil and the soil C stock increases? Bacteria and fungi are responsible for SOM decomposition The higher temperature, the faster SOM decomposes? Soil CO 2 flux increases due to higher decomposition rate? Kuva:ht t p:/ / sciencewit hmrsb.weeb ly.com/microorganisms.html
6 The effect of soil temperature on photosynthesis and soil respiration The increasing temperature increase both photosynthesis and soil respiration Cold = 7-12 C Medium = C Warm = C Faster carbon turnover ( C flow through soil ) Not clear if the C remaining in the ecosystem is changing Pumpanen, Heinonsalo, Rasilo, Villemot, Ilvesniemi (2012) Tree Physiology
7
8 Transport of photosynthetically assimilated C to soil Rhizosphere means the soil associated with roots and mycorrhizosphere soil associated with roots and mycorrhizal fungi Carbon allocated to soil by plants increase microbial activity in rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere Microbial communities are different than in soil NOT associated with roots or fungal hyphae Root Kuva: Sari Timonen Mycorrhizal fungi Fungal hyphae
9 Mycorrhizal symbiosis Variety of different mycorrhizal associations (ecto-, ericoid-, arbuscular etc. See in Finnish: Timonen ja Valkonen, Sienten Biologia 2013) Forest trees in Boreal region form ectomycorrhizal plant-fungal symbiosis Association in almost every individual root tip Fungi receives carbohydrates from host plant, fungi delivers nutrients for the plant
10 C- allocation within rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere EM= fungal mycelium R= rhizosphere M1/M2= mycorrhizosphere Source: Heinonsalo et al Plant and Soil
11 Who are there in the soil? Fungal community structure analysed seasonally and vertically Santalahti et al FEMS Microbiology Ecology
12 Bacteria on roots and soils of different plant species Soil under different plant differ from each other Some specific, some common bacteria Timonen et al Microbial Ecology
13 Fungal hyphae and decomposition processes The enzymes exuded by fungal hyphae are important in SOM decomposition Auto- and heterotrophic organisms different strategies In the Figure, the enzymatic decomposition machinery of a brown-rot fungi Mycorrhizal, root-associated symbiotic fungi have similar activities Figure: T. Lundell in Timonen ja Valkonen (Eds.), Sienten Biologia, 2013 s. 270
14 Priming i.e. increase (or decrease) of SOM decomposition due to additional labile C input Plants allocate photosynthetically assimilated C compounds to soil that support microbial activity In forest soil, plants need N that is mostly bound to SOM and not easily available to plants Plant aims to obtain N with help of mycorrhizal fungi SOM decomposition induced Yellow hyphae: Piloderma olivaceum, mycorrhizal fungi -producese.g. β-glucosidase, protease, phosphatase, peroxidase and laccase enzymes -all important in SOM decomposition Priming Kuzyakov et al. 2000, SBB
15 Experiment to show Piloderma s role in plant organic N uptake Laboratory scale Protease production by ectomycorrhizl fungal strain Piloderma sp. Axenic growth experiment of Scots pine with Piloderma sp. for organic (amino acids or BSA protein) N uptake Field scale Monthly soil sampling from March to October Using 454 sequencing, abundance of Piloderma genus Morphotyping Piloderma in root tips Measurements of protease activities in root tips
16 Piloderma s role in plant organic N uptake Spring Summer Autumn Main results: Scots pine can access BSA protein only with help of Piloderma fungi The abundance of Piloderma correlates significantly with photosynthesis (GPP) photosynthesis and N uptake linked? Heinonsalo, Sun, Santalahti, Bäcklund, Hari, Pumpanen (2015) PLOS One
17 The role of Scots pine in priming Treatment 1 SOM Growth in standardized soil T and light conditions Treatment 2 SOM + glucose Treatment 3 seedling Treatment 4 seedling + glucose C4-glucose addition during 1 month + incubation afterwards Natural isotope measurements; 14 C-AMS, 13 C, 15 N Nutrient measurements (ICP, C/N) Soil fauna nematodes, bacteria, mycorrhiza Enzyme activity Photosynthesis measurements (Pmax)
18 The role of Scots pine in priming Main results: In planted microcosms, older CO 2 in soil respiration older SOM decomposed stabile SOM pool affected Plants induced priming effect Lindén, Heinonsalo, Buchmann, Oinonen, Sonninen, Hilasvuori, Pumpanen (2014) Plant and Soil
19 By which mechanisms plant induce priming? Greenhouse experiment with 2-year old Scots pine Within one month, following enzymes were added to planted or non-planted pots in liquid form Proteases (Pr) Laccase, manganese peroxidase and proteases (LMPr) BSA protein as control
20 By which mechanisms plant induce priming? Main results: Total N quantities in soil decrease if Both oxidative and protease enzymes were added in non-planted soil OR Plant was present Presence of plant had an effect on Dissolved N (less if plant) NH 4 (less if plant) Total amino acids (more if plant) SOM content (less if plant) SOM decomposition by enzymes the critical step Plants induce the production of these enzymes? Kieloaho, Pihlatie, Dominguez Carrasco, Kanerva, Parshintsev, Riekkola, Pumpanen, Heinonsalo (2016) SBB
21 Photosynthesis and decomposition of soil organic material consequences Modelling Current models do not take into account priming The model development needs further work to improve accuray of the predictions in the future Soil C is lost here! Estimated changes in soil C stock until 2050 (Crowther ym. Quantifying soil carbon losses in response to warming 2016 Nature). RED COLOUR= PREDICTED LOSS
22 Summary Increase in plant photosynthesis increase both biomass production (more C) and decomposition (C lost) The activity of decomposer microbes increase with higher temperature and increased litter production Plant-associated microbial communities diverse Plants have a dynamic effect on SOM decomposition through rootassociated microbes: priming! Does the soil C stocks increase or decrease in the future boreal forests? Research on this topic goes actively on all over the world
23 Literature Mycorrhizal types, fungal role in decompostion etc. Timonen ja Valkonen (Eds.) Sienten Biologia. Priming-phenomen, principles, research methods etc. Kuzyakov ym Review of mechanisms and quantification of priming effects. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32: Changes in soil C stocks and modelling Crowther ym Quantifying soil carbon losses in response to warming Nature 540: Sulman ym Microbe-driven turnover offsets mineral-mediated storage of soil carbon under elevated CO 2. Nature Climate Change 4: Own papers, e.g. Heinonsalo et al Plant and Soil Heinonsalo et al SBB Linden et al Plant and Soil
Mycorrhizal Fungi. Symbiotic relationship with plants -- form sheath around fine roots and extend hyphae into soil and sometimes into root cells
Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiotic relationship with plants -- form sheath around fine roots and extend hyphae into soil and sometimes into root cells Mycorrhizae transfer nutrients to roots (important in infertile
More informationNutrient Cycling in Land Vegetation and Soils
Nutrient Cycling in Land Vegetation and Soils OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 13 September 2012 Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 6 Outline 1. The annual Intrasystem Nutrient Cycle 2. Mass balance of the
More informationSoil Biology. Chapter 10
Soil Biology Chapter 10 The Sounds of Soil Soil as a Transition Between Aquatic and Aerial System Bacteria in a Drying Environment Wet (open structure) Dry (dense) Holden P.A., J.R. Hunt, and M. K. Firestone,
More informationFeedback between nutrient availability, NPP and N release
Feedback between nutrient availability, NPP and N release 1 Redfield ratios A typical plant = 45% C, 1.5% N, 0.2%P or C:N = 30 : 1 and C:P = 225 : 1 or C:N:P = 225 : 7.5 : 1 N:P = 7.5 : 1 Mobility of nutrients
More information1 Towards Ecological Relevance Progress and Pitfalls in the Path Towards an Understanding of Mycorrhizal Functions in Nature... 3 D.J.
Contents Section A: Introduction 1 Towards Ecological Relevance Progress and Pitfalls in the Path Towards an Understanding of Mycorrhizal Functions in Nature... 3 D.J. Read 1.1 Summary.............................
More informationSoil Biology. The Sounds of Soil. Soils and Water, Spring Lecture 9, Soil Biology 1. Soil as a Transition Between Aquatic and Aerial System
Soil Biology Chapter 10 The Sounds of Soil Soil as a Transition Between Aquatic and Aerial System Lecture 9, Soil Biology 1 Bacteria in a Drying Environment Wet (open structure) Dry (dense) Holden P.A.,
More informationFungi are absorptive heterotrophs that secrete digestive enzymes and are major decomposers of dead organic material
Fungi 1 2002 Prentice Hall, Inc The scarlet hood (Hygrocybe coccinea) Fungi are absorptive heterotrophs that secrete digestive enzymes and are major decomposers of dead organic material 2 Animals 3 Myxozoa
More informationPhysiological Ecology. Physiological Ecology. Physiological Ecology. Nutrient and Energy Transfer. Introduction to Ecology
Physiological Ecology Outline Introduction to Ecology Evolution and Natural Selection Physiological Ecology Behavioural Ecology Physiological Ecology study of species needs and tolerances that determine
More information1 Soil Factors Affecting Nutrient Bioavailability... 1 N.B. Comerford
Contents 1 Soil Factors Affecting Nutrient Bioavailability........ 1 N.B. Comerford 1.1 Introduction........................... 1 1.2 Release of Nutrients from the Soil Solid Phase........ 2 1.3 Nutrient
More informationNutrient Cycling in Land Vegetation and Soils
Nutrient Cycling in Land Vegetation and Soils OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 15 September 2016 Reading: Schlesinger & Bernhardt, Chapter 6 2016 Frank Sansone Outline 1. The annual Intrasystem Nutrient
More informationInteractions Between Microorganisms and Higher Plants from Competition to Symbiosis p. 184
Introduction What Are Soils? p. 3 Introduction p. 3 Soil Genesis p. 4 Rock Weathering or Decay p. 4 Importance of Soil Texture p. 5 Input of Organic Matter into Soils and Aggregation p. 7 Migration Processes
More informationNutrient Cycling in Land Plants
Nutrient Cycling in Land Plants OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 10 September 2015 Reading: Chapter 6 2015 Frank Sansone Outline 1. Plant nutrient requirements and sources 2. Nutrient uptake by plants
More informationN deposition effects on forest. soil C cycling
N deposition effects on forest Thanks to: soil C cycling Ivan Janssens Wouter Dieleman, Sebastiaan Luyssaert & Sara Vicca Bev Law, Josep Peñuelas, Sune Linder, + several colleagues + everybody who sweats
More informationAbsorption of Mineral Salts by Higher Plant
Article Shared by Absorption of Mineral Salts by Higher Plant Let us make an in-depth study of the Mycorrhizae. After reading this article you will learn about their role in absorption of mineral salts
More informationRhizosphere Effects of Carboniferous and Clayey Compounds in Sandy Soil Matrices
Rhizosphere Effects of Carboniferous and Clayey Compounds in Sandy Soil Matrices B. U. Schneider 1), K. Boldt 1), A. Rumpel 2), Simone Fritsch 2), K. Baumann 2), R. F. Hüttl 1) 1) German Research Centre
More informationStable Isotopes. Natural Occurrence of Stable Isotopes. Plants vary in their amount of a parfcular isotope depending on circumstances
Natural Occurrence of Stable Isotopes Stable Isotopes Stable Isotopes as a probe for Carbon, Mineral and Water Cycles Several elements are found in more than one form E.g., Hydrogen can be found in its
More informationMicrobial Activity in the Rhizosphere
K. G. Mukerji C. Manoharachary J. Singh (Eds.) Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere With 35 Figures 4y Springer 1 Rhizosphere Biology - an Overview 1 Chakravarthula Manoharachary, Krishna G. Mukerji 1.1
More informationSOIL NUTRIENT CYCLING
SOIL NUTRIENT CYCLING Imagine this scene: You arrive in Monteverde, Costa Rica, eager to explore the cloud forest. As you approach the outskirts of the forested area, however, something appears to be wrong.
More informationEcosystems. 1. Population Interactions 2. Energy Flow 3. Material Cycle
Ecosystems 1. Population Interactions 2. Energy Flow 3. Material Cycle The deep sea was once thought to have few forms of life because of the darkness (no photosynthesis) and tremendous pressures. But
More informationThe Effect Of Nitrogen On Mycorrhizal Colonization Associated With Populus grandidentata
The Effect Of Nitrogen On Mycorrhizal Colonization Associated With Populus grandidentata Megan McLin Tougaloo College 11/12/2013 Megan McLin 11/12/2013 The Effect Of Nitrogen On Mycorrhizal Colonization
More informationSoils in a Changing World
Soils in a Changing World Carbon Sinks or Carbon Sources? Nancy Collins Johnson http://www.climatechangenorth.ca/images/illustrations/hs_3-3.gif Human activities, particularly fossil fuel burning and deforestation,
More informationMineral and Organic Components. Soil Organisms, Biology, and Nutrients. Homework III: The State Soil of Florida. Posted on website.
Homework III: The State Soil of Florida Posted on website 5 bonus points Type all answers Soil Organisms, Biology, and Nutrients Mineral and Organic Components Functions of soils: recycler of raw materials
More informationMycorrhizal fungi and their multifunctional roles
. Cambridge University Press Printed in the United Kingdom. DOI: 10.1017/S0269915XO4002058 Mycorrhizal fungi and their multifunctional roles ROGER D. FINLAY Department of Forest Mycology & Pathology, SLU,
More informationSecondary Succession and its Effects on Soil Nutrients and Fungal Communities. Amanda Cayo
Cayo 1 Secondary Succession and its Effects on Soil Nutrients and Fungal Communities Amanda Cayo Abstract Fungi serve many purposes in ecosystems from fixing nitrogen for plants to decomposing detritus.
More informationGlobal Carbon Cycle - I
Global Carbon Cycle - I Reservoirs and Fluxes OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 13 November 2012 Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 11 Outline 1. Overview of global C cycle 2. Global C reservoirs 3. The contemporary
More informationQuantum Dots: A New Technique to Assess Mycorrhizal Contributions to Plant Nitrogen Across a Fire-Altered Landscape
2006-2011 Mission Kearney Foundation of Soil Science: Understanding and Managing Soil-Ecosystem Functions Across Spatial and Temporal Scales Progress Report: 2006007, 1/1/2007-12/31/2007 Quantum Dots:
More informationWaterlogging tolerance of trees
Waterlogging tolerance of trees Tapani Repo, Metla Silviculture in Changing Environment, Nov. 24-25, 2014 Contents Motivation Background concerning waterlogging tolerance An example of dormancy waterlogging
More informationNutrient Cycling in Land Plants
Nutrient Cycling in Land Plants OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 7 September 2017 Reading: Chapter 6 2017 Frank Sansone Outline 1. Plant nutrient requirements and sources 2. Nutrient uptake by plants Nutrient
More informationResponse to comment on "Mycorrhizal association as a primary control of the CO2 fertilization effect."
Response to comment on "Mycorrhizal association as a primary control of the CO2 fertilization effect." Authors: César Terrer, 1* Sara Vicca, 2 Bruce A. Hungate, 3,4 Richard P. Phillips, 5 Peter B. Reich,
More informationLecture 24 Plant Ecology
Lecture 24 Plant Ecology Understanding the spatial pattern of plant diversity Ecology: interaction of organisms with their physical environment and with one another 1 Such interactions occur on multiple
More informationSOIL ECOLOGY TERMS. From Soil Quality Thunderbook, National Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2005).
SOIL ECOLOGY TERMS actinomycetes: A large group of bacteria that grow in long filaments that are too small to see without magnification. Actinomycetes generate the smell of healthy soil, and are important
More informationNutrient and Carbon Sequestration by Salt Marsh Plants in the Face of Eutrophication and Sea Level Rise
Nutrient and Carbon Sequestration by Salt Marsh Plants in the Face of Eutrophication and Sea Level Rise Tracy Elsey, Jack Gallagher, and Denise Seliskar Halophyte Biotechnology Center College of Marine
More informationCarbon Input to Ecosystems
Objectives Carbon Input Leaves Photosynthetic pathways Canopies (i.e., ecosystems) Controls over carbon input Leaves Canopies (i.e., ecosystems) Terminology Photosynthesis vs. net photosynthesis vs. gross
More informationTreat the Cause not the symptom
Treat the Cause not the symptom A few facts about Novozymes Biologicals Bu sin ess d ivisio n o f No vo zym es w it h it s o w n R& D, Manufacturing, Sales & Marketing, Administration Headquartered in
More informationBIOS 3010: Ecology Lecture 12: Decomposition and Detritivory: 2. Decomposers and detritivores: 3. Resources of decomposers: Lecture summary:
BIOS 3010: Ecology Lecture 12: Decomposition and Detritivory: Lecture summary: Decomposers & detritivores: Resources. Characteristics. Model of detritivory. Size of detritivores. Diversity & abundance.
More informationCarbon Fluxes in the Rhizosphere
Elsevier US Chapter: 0trh02 1-11-2006 9:25p.m. Page:29 Trim:6in 9in CHAPTER 2 Carbon Fluxes in the Rhizosphere Weixin Cheng and Alexander Gershenson 2.1 INTRODUCTION Terrestrial ecosystems are intimately
More informationAssessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms (90927)
NCEA Level 1 Biology (90927) 2016 page 1 of 5 Assessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to micro-organisms (90927) Evidence Statement Question One No response
More informationSoil Microbiology. Ambarish Bhuyan Assistant Professor Botany Department MDKG College, Dibrugarh
Soil Microbiology Ambarish Bhuyan Assistant Professor Botany Department MDKG College, Dibrugarh INTRODUCTION Nature of soils Soil arises from the weathering of rocks Soil also produced through the actions
More informationSoil organic matter dynamics in mountainous environments under a changing climate - Concepts and methodology
Soil organic matter dynamics in mountainous environments under a changing climate - Concepts and methodology Frank Hagedorn and Stephan Zimmermann Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape
More informationImpact of increased inorganic nitrogen deposition on the mycorrhizal community
Eastern CANUSA Forest Science Conference Impact of increased inorganic nitrogen deposition on the mycorrhizal community Adam Bordeleau, Hubert Morin, Sergio Rossi et Daniel Houle 1 Ectomycorrhiza Symbiotic
More informationGlobal Carbon Cycle - I Systematics: Reservoirs and Fluxes
OCN 401-10 Nov. 16, 2010 KCR Global Carbon Cycle - I Systematics: Reservoirs and Fluxes The Global carbon cycle Reservoirs: biomass on land in the oceans, atmosphere, soil and rocks, waters Processes:
More informationSoil concentrations and soil-atmosphere exchange of alkylamines in a boreal Scots pine forest. Kieloaho, Antti-Jussi.
https://helda.helsinki.fi Soil concentrations and soil-atmosphere exchange of alkylamines in a boreal Scots pine forest Kieloaho, Antti-Jussi 2017-03-08 Kieloaho, A-J, Pihlatie, M, Launiainen, S, Kulmala,
More information2017 Pre-AP Biology Ecology Quiz Study Guide
2017 Pre-AP Biology Ecology Quiz Study Guide 1. Identify two processes that break-down organic molecules and return CO 2 to the atmosphere: 2. Identify one process that removes CO 2 from the atmosphere
More informationSoil Organisms. Organisms log (# / g) kg / ha
Soil Organisms Soil is home to many different organisms. These represent different kingdoms and range in size from sequoia roots to bacteria. Some produce their own organic structure from inorganic substrates.
More informationName: Characteristics of Life and Ecology Guided Notes (PAP)
Name: Characteristics of Life and Ecology Guided Notes (PAP) I. What is Biology? a. Biology is the study of II. The Eight Characteristics of Life a. Organization & the presence of or more cells b. Response
More informationPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com. Question Number 1(a) 1. (rate at which) energy {incorporated / eq} into {biomass / organic matter } ;
1(a) 1. (rate at which) energy {incorporated / eq} into {biomass / organic matter } ; 1 NOT energy produced, converted, turned into ACCEPT organic material, organic molecules 2. by { plants / producers}
More informationSoil ecology. KEN KILLHAM Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. with electron micrographs by
ot Soil ecology KEN KILLHAM Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen with electron micrographs by R A L P H FOSTER, CSIRO Division of Soils, South Australia CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
More informationNutritional Adaptations of Plants *
OpenStax-CNX module: m44718 1 Nutritional Adaptations of Plants * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section,
More informationN, P and O 3 -responses of subalpine plants and their
Federal Department of Economic Affairs FDEA Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART N, P and O 3 -responses of subalpine plants and their mycorrhiza Verena Blanke, Matthias Volk, Seraina Bassin,
More informationInfluence of Ectomycorrhiza on Nutrient Absorption of Pinus massoniana Seedlings Under Water Stress
2013 26 2 227 233 Forest Research 1001-1498 2013 02-0227-07 * 550025 N P K N P 1 N P 56. 65% 44. 32% 1 K 221. 99% 200. 00% N K P N K 1 N P K S791. 248 A Influence of Ectomycorrhiza on Nutrient Absorption
More informationInfluence of Soils and Fertility on Activity and Survival of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal. Fungi
Mycorrhiza Symposium Influence of Soils and Fertility on Activity and Survival of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal. Fungi D. S. Hayman Soil Microbiology Department, Rotharnsted Experimental Station, Harpenden,
More informationUsing Soil Microbes to Enhance Restoration of Native FL Scrub. Ben Sikes University of Texas at Austin
Using Soil Microbes to Enhance Restoration of Native FL Scrub Ben Sikes University of Texas at Austin Talk Outline The role of soil biota in ecosystem processes and plant Current uses of soil microbes
More informationPhenanthrene and pyrene uptake by arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ( ) Buy online at
Mycorrhizal Fungi:: Soil, Agriculture And Environmental Implications (Air, Water And Soil Pollution Science And Technology; Agriculture Issues And Policies) READ ONLINE Phenanthrene and pyrene uptake by
More informationIron. Presented to you by Karl, Carl, Rebecca and Rose.
Iron Presented to you by Karl, Carl, Rebecca and Rose. Iron is an essential micronutrient, meaning that it is used in small quantities by plants. It is one of the most abundant elements on Earth (which
More informationCarbon turnover in the rhizosphere and why plants release carbon in soil
Elevated CO Global C cycle Carbon turnover in the rhizosphere and why plants release carbon in soil Yakov Kuzyakov kuzyakov@gwdg.de Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Georg-August-University Göttingen
More informationOCN 401. Photosynthesis
OCN 401 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Process by which carbon is reduced from CO 2 to organic carbon Provides all energy for the biosphere (except for chemosynthesis at hydrothermal vents) Affects composition
More informationWorking with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture
Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture SUB Gdttingen 206 384661 Mark Brundrett, Neale Bougher, Bernie Dell, Tim Grove and Nick Malajczuk CONTENTS Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. MYCORRHIZAL
More informationDecomposition by ectomycorrhizal fungi alters soil carbon storage in a simulation model
Decomposition by ectomycorrhizal fungi alters soil carbon storage in a simulation model J. A. M. MOORE, 1, J. JIANG, 1,2 W. M. POST, 1 AND A. T. CLASSEN 1,3 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
More informationPlant Transport and Nutrition
Plant Transport and Nutrition Chapter 36: Transport in Plants H 2 O & Minerals o Transport in xylem o Transpiration Evaporation, adhesion & cohesion Negative pressure. Sugars o Transport in phloem. o Bulk
More informationSoil concentrations and soil atmosphere exchange of alkylamines in a boreal Scots pine forest
doi:10.5194/bg-14-1075-2017 Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Soil concentrations and soil atmosphere exchange of alkylamines in a boreal Scots pine forest Antti-Jussi Kieloaho 1,2, Mari Pihlatie
More informationTitle: Plant Nitrogen Speaker: Bill Pan. online.wsu.edu
Title: Plant Nitrogen Speaker: Bill Pan online.wsu.edu Lesson 2.3 Plant Nitrogen Nitrogen distribution in the soil-plantatmosphere Chemical N forms and oxidation states Biological roles of N in plants
More informationEdexcel (A) Biology A-level
Edexcel (A) Biology A-level Topic 5: On the Wild Side Notes Ecosystems and Succession Ecosystem - all the organisms living in a particular area, known as the community, as well as all the non-living elements
More informationWelcome to the World of Fungi
Welcome to the World of Fungi In the beginning Can you believe that fungi have been around on earth longer than humans? Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. Humans have been on earth for about
More informationWelcome to the World of Fungi
Welcome to the World of Fungi In the beginning Can you believe that fungi have been around on earth longer than humans? Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. Humans have been on earth for about
More informationCommunities Structure and Dynamics
Communities Structure and Dynamics (Outline) 1. Community & niche. 2. Inter-specific interactions with examples. 3. The trophic structure of a community 4. Food chain: primary, secondary, tertiary, and
More informationMineral Nutrient Acquisition in Nonmycorrhizal and Mycorrhizal Plants
Phyton (Horn, Austria) Special issue: "Bioindication..." Vol. 36 Fasc. 3 (61)-(68) 15.09.96 Mineral Nutrient Acquisition in Nonmycorrhizal and Mycorrhizal Plants By HORST MARSCHNER^ Key words: Rhizosphere,
More informationNature and Science, 2009;7(6), ISSN ,
Effect of phosphorus nutrition on growth and mycorrhizal dependency of Coriaria nepalensis seedlings Kiran Bargali and S.S. Bargali* Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital-263002,
More informationTree Physiology. Sara Rose
Tree Physiology Sara Rose What is a Tree? U.S. Forest Service Woody plants that have well-developed stems and that usually are more than 12 feet tall at maturity. Merriam-Webster A woody perennial plant
More informationMYCORRHIZAE IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY AND C-BALANCE OF GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE MYCARBIO
MYCORRHIZAE IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY AND C-BALANCE OF GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE S. DECLERCK, R. CEULEMANS, I. NIJS, L. VOETS, H. DUPRE DE BOULOIS, I. ENRIQUE DE LA PROVIDENCIA, C. ZAVALLONI,
More informationBio 112 Lecture Exam 1 Study Guide
Bio 112 Lecture Exam 1 Study Guide Emphasis will be placed on the following lecture topics: A. The scientific method and statistical analysis Know the steps in the scientific method Understand what a controlled
More information1. (rate of) {production of / energy incorporated into / eq} {biomass / organic material / organic molecules / tissue} ;
1(a)(i) 1. (rate of) {production of / energy incorporated into / eq} {biomass / organic material / organic molecules / tissue} ; 2. reference to {losses in respiration / GPP- R } ; 3. in {producers / plants
More informationSimulating ectomycorrhiza in boreal forests: implementing ectomycorrhizal fungi model MYCOFON in CoupModel (v5)
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-725-2018 Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Simulating ectomycorrhiza in boreal forests: implementing ectomycorrhizal
More informationfor GREENHOUSES GREENHOUSE Why are Mycorrhizae Important? Benefit to Plants
GREENHOUSE for GREENHOUSES Why are Mycorrhizae Important? Mycorrhizal fungi are essential to living soils, and allowed plants to colonize the surface of our planet around 450 million years ago. More than
More informationFungi What are they? Diverse group of eukaryotic organisms 100,000 to 1,000,000 species
Kingdom Fungi Fungi What are they? Diverse group of eukaryotic organisms 100,000 to 1,000,000 species Fungi Characteristics Kingdom includes Molds, mushrooms & yeasts Characteristically: Most are multicellular
More informationRoots, Shoots & Leaves
Name Test Date Hour Plant Structure & Function #2 - Notebook Roots, Shoots & Leaves LEARNING TARGETS I can describe the functions of roots I can explain the nitrogen fixing process and why it is needed.
More informationWe help people in agriculture grow healthier crops, more efficiently by better managing soil microbiology.
What we do How can we help you? Dr Ash Martin PhD BSc (For) Hons Managing Director Dr Maria Manjarrez-Martinez PhD MSc BSc Director, AnalyticalServices and Research What we do We help people in agriculture
More informationDownloaded from
Nutrition in Plants 1.If the pitcher plant is green and carries out photosynthesis then why does it feed on insects? 2.Which of the following part/s of a desert plant perform the function of photosynthesis?
More informationPlant Function. KEB no office hour on Monday 23 March. Chs 38, 39 (parts), March 2009 ECOL 182R UofA K. E. Bonine
Plant Function Chs 38, 39 (parts), 40 KEB no office hour on Monday 23 March 10 March 2009 ECOL 182R UofA K. E. Bonine Videos: 39.3, 34.3, 39.1, 34.1 Web Browser Open 1 Video 39.3 Pollination of a night-blooming
More informationGlobal Carbon Cycle - I
Global Carbon Cycle - I OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 11 1. Overview of global C cycle 2. Global C reservoirs Outline 3. The contemporary global C cycle 4. Fluxes and residence
More informationCommunities Structure and Dynamics
Communities Structure and Dynamics (Outline) 1. Community & niche. 2. Inter-specific interactions with examples. 3. The trophic structure of a community 4. Food chain: primary, secondary, tertiary, and
More informationAbout me (why am I giving this talk) Dr. Bruce A. Snyder
Ecology About me (why am I giving this talk) Dr. Bruce A. Snyder basnyder@ksu.edu PhD: Ecology (University of Georgia) MS: Environmental Science & Policy BS: Biology; Environmental Science (University
More informationPlant roots and practical value of plant root symbionts
Plant roots and practical value of plant root symbionts Conference at Aleksandro Stulginskio University, Akademija 2 May 2016 Plant Roots: Biology, Morphology, and Functions Priv. Doz. Dr. habil Ewald
More informationPlant Function Chs 38, 39 (parts), 40
Plant Function Chs 38, 39 (parts), 40 KEB no office hour on Monday 23 March 10 March 2009 ECOL 182R UofA K. E. Bonine Videos: 39.3, 34.3, 39.1, 34.1 Web Browser Open 1 Video 39.3 Pollination of a night-blooming
More informationS Illustrate and explain how carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are cycled through an ecosystem.
Biogeochemical Cycles S2-1-01 Illustrate and explain how carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are cycled through an ecosystem. Biogeochemical Cycles Let s take a closer look at the interactions between LIVING
More informationDigital ESF. SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Max Hermanson. Silus Weckel. Alex Kozisky.
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Cranberry Lake Biological Station Environmental and Forest Biology 2017 Session D, 2017 First Place: Under the Sphagnum: An Observational
More informationPlant Nutrition and Transport. Chapter 29
Plant Nutrition and Transport Chapter 29 Overview: Underground Plants The success of plants depends on their ability to gather and conserve resources from their environment. The transport of materials
More informationALKYL AMINES IN BOREAL FOREST AND URBAN AREA
REPORT SERIES IN AEROSOL SCIENCE N:o 194 (217) ALKYL AMINES IN BOREAL FOREST AND URBAN AREA ANTTI-JUSSI KIELOAHO Division of Atmospheric Sciences Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of
More informationPart 4- Biology Paper 1 Bioenergetics Application Questions
Part 4- Biology Paper 1 Bioenergetics Application Questions AQA Biology (8461) from 2016 Topic B4.4 Bioenergetics Topic Student Checklist R A G Describe what happens in photosynthesis, including using
More information21-3 Ecology of Fungi Slide 1 of 23
1 of 23 21-3 Ecology of Fungi The oldest known fungi fossils are about 230 million years old. Fungi may have helped early plants obtain nutrients and may have been essential to plants colonization of the
More informationChapter 8. Biogeographic Processes. Upon completion of this chapter the student will be able to:
Chapter 8 Biogeographic Processes Chapter Objectives Upon completion of this chapter the student will be able to: 1. Define the terms ecosystem, habitat, ecological niche, and community. 2. Outline how
More informationQuestion 1: What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion? Diffusion is the passive movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion of
More informationComparison of two main mycorrhizal types
Comparison of two main mycorrhizal types VAM (Endos) Ectos Plant hosts Most vascular plants, including herbs, shrubs, trees. examples of tree you know: Maples, Ash, giant Sequoia, Sequoia, Incense Cedar
More informationWhich of the following is NOT an abiotic factor? A) Rocks B) Soil C) Mountains D) Decomposers
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor? A) Rocks B) Soil C) Mountains D) Decomposers Which of the following leads to stability in an ecosystem A) Low amount of biodiversity B) Low amount of biotic
More informationBiogeographic Processes
Biogeographic Processes Energy and Matter Flow in Ecosystems Ecological Biogeography Ecological Succession Historical Biogeography Biogeographic Processes Biogeography examines the distribution of plants
More informationClimate and Adaptations at the Fullerton Arboretum
Climate and Adaptations at the Fullerton Arboretum Summary of Activity: Investigate different implementations of key plant traits in plants from different climate settings. Assess plant traits in terms
More informationEffect of Succession on Fungi Functional Groups and Nutrient Levels in Soil
Effect of Succession on Fungi Functional Groups and Nutrient Levels in Soil Brittany Ciura Abstract Secondary succession plays a major role in species composition of fungi in forests and nutrient levels
More informationChapter 02 Life on Land. Multiple Choice Questions
Ecology: Concepts and Applications 7th Edition Test Bank Molles Download link all chapters TEST BANK for Ecology: Concepts and Applications 7th Edition by Manuel Molles https://testbankreal.com/download/ecology-concepts-applications-7thedition-test-bank-molles/
More informationLecture 6 Environmental microbiology and Aqueous Geochemistry of Natural Waters
Lecture 6 Environmental microbiology and Aqueous Geochemistry of Natural Waters Please read these Manahan chapters: Ch 5 (aquatic microbial biochemistry) Ch 21 (environmental biochemistry) (Aquatic) Microbial
More informationAQA Biology A-level Topic 5: Energy transfers in and between organisms
AQA Biology A-level Topic 5: Energy transfers in and between organisms Notes Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a reaction in which light energy is used to produce glucose in plants. The process requires
More informationNutritional Adaptations of Plants *
OpenStax-CNX module: m47408 1 Nutritional Adaptations of Plants * Robert Bear David Rintoul Based on Nutritional Adaptations of Plants by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under
More information