Biomass and belowground soil carbon and nitrogen stoc ks in three bamboo plantation s in Korea

Transcription

1 Biomass and belowground soil carbon and nitrogen stoc ks in three bamboo plantation s in Korea

2 Contents 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Material and Methods 4 Results and discussion 5 Summary

3 Introduction

4 Introduction - Bamboo species have been an important material for pap er or building and for soil conservation to help slope stabili ty, reducing run-off and soil erosion. - Bamboo has turned recently into a globally important bio mass resources besides being a traditional source of ener gy and other multiple uses.

5 Introduction - Korea accounts for about 70 species of bamboo and 11 species (Phyl lostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc, P. nigra var. henonis Stapf ex. Rendle, P. pubescens (Mazel) Ohwi, Sasa gracilis (Nakai) T. Lee, Ar undinaria simonii A et C Riviere, Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino, Pseu dosasa japonica (Sieb. et Zucc.) Makino) occur dominantly in warm t emperate forest zones of the country. - Three bamboo species among them are intensively planted for edible shoot (P. pubescens) and for multipurpose use (P. nigra var. henonis, P. bambusoides ) in Korea.

6 Distribution of bamboo species Ø Forest land : 6.4 million ha Unit : million ha - Conifer P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis - Hardwood = (26%) N 36 N 35 = (42%) P. pubescen s - Mixed = (29%) - Bamboo = (0.9%) - Others = (2.1%) Bamboos are generally distributed i n the southern part along the seash N 34 ore in the eastern and western area.

7 Bamboo uses Bamboo sap Bamboo oil Bamboo sprout Rice in bamboo

8 Bamboo uses Bamboo charcoal Bamboo pellet Household items

9 Objectives

10 Objectives Although there have been many studies to evaluate the effect of bamboo spe cies on biomass production and its partitioning in different plant parts in bamb oo plantations in Korea, major uncertainties remain in relation to the importan ce and behavior of biomass production and belowground C and N stocks by different bamboo plantations in local level. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 1) the allometric equations of different bamboo species 2) the estimation of biomass production in different bamboo species. 3) the belowground C and N stocks from different bamboo plantations in local level.

11 Material and Methods

12 Description of the study site Annual precipitation - 1,490 mm/yr Annual temperature C Jinj u Gajwa and Wola Natio nal Experimental Fore sts Soil - Slightly dry - Dark-brown forest soil (Inceptisol) - Originating from Sandstone or shale - Silt loam texture

13 Major bamboo species Phyllostachys pubescens Phyllostachys bambusoides Phyllostachys nigra var. henonsis

14 Material and Methods(Biomass) Ø Aboveground biomass sample - Culm, branch and leaf parts Ø Belowground biomass sample - Rhizome and root parts - 2 m 2 m dimension into 1.2m depth

15 Material and Methods(Biomass) Ø Allometric model : logy = a+blogd Ø Linear-quadratic model : Y=aD+bD 2 Ø Linear model with DBH and height : Y=a+bD 2 H Y is the biomass (g) D is diameter at breast height (cm) H is height (m) a and b are regression parameters

16 Material and Methods(Soil) 1. Forest floor - Using a 900 cm2 quadrangle steel frame (30 30 cm). - C and N concentrations were determined using an elemental analyzer (Thermo Sci entific, Flash 2000, Italy). - C and N stocks of forest floor litter were estimated by multiplying dry weight and C a nd N concentrations.

17 Material and Methods(Soil) 2. Dead bamboo woods (> 2cm diameter) 1> Sound dead bamboos of branches and leaf with green color culms 2> Intermediate dead bamboos with few branches of brown color culms 3> Rotten dead bamboos broken into pieces without maintaining their original shape - C and N concentrations in the ground materials were determined using an elemental analyzer.

18 Material and Methods(Soil) 3. Soil - Soil samples at three depths (0-10, 10-20, cm) using a 400 cm3 stainless steel core. - The soil samples were air-dried and put through a 2 mm sieve to measure coarse fragment of >2 mm prior to the soil C and N analysis using an elemental analyzer. - Soil C and N stocks were calculated using by concentrations of C and N with soil bulk density and coarse fragments content of each soil depth.

19 Material and Methods Three bamboo plantations Biomass Aboveground Culm Branch Soil C and N Belowground Leaf Rhizome Root Forest floor Dead bamboo Soil

20 Results and discussion

21 General stand characteristics Wola Jinju Gajwa DBH (cm) Height (m) Stand density (culm/ha) Location Plantation Location Planting year Elevation (m) Gajwa P. pubescens N E / /7-17 3,050 P. bambusoides N E / / ,875 P. nigra var. henonis N E / / ,950 Wola

22 14,00 12,00 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 2,50 P. pubescens Branch dry weight (g) Culm dry weight (g) Dry weight of sampled bamboo (current year old) P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis 2,00 1,50 1, DBH (cm) DBH (cm) 20,00 Total dry weight (g) 5,00 Leaf dry weight (g) 1 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 15,00 10,00 5, DBH (cm) 15 5 DBH (cm)

23 Dry weight of sampled bamboo (>1-year-old) P. pubescens 15,00 P. bambusoides 10,00 P. nigra var. henonis Branch dry weight (g) Culm dry weight (g) 20,00 5, ,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1, DBH (cm) DBH (cm) 25,00 Total dry weight (g) 5,00 Leaf dry weight (g) 1 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5, DBH (cm) 15 5 DBH (cm)

24 Dry weight of sampled bamboo (Belowground) 25,00 P. pubescens Dry weight (g) 20,00 P. pubescens P. bambusoides P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis 15,00 P. nigra var. henonis 10,00 5,00 Rhizome Root Current- year Total Rhizome Root >1- year- old Total

25 Allometric model (logy = a+blogd) Biomass equation form Species Culm age Dependent variable a Coefficients b R 2 SEE Culm >1-year-old Branch Leaf P. pubescens Total Culm Current-year Branch Leaf Total Culm >1-year-old Branch Leaf logy = a+blogd P. bambusoides Total Culm Current-year Branch Leaf Total Culm >1-year-old Branch Leaf P. nigra var. henonis Total Culm Current-year Branch Leaf Total

26 Linear-quadratic model (Y=aD+bD 2 ) Biomass equation form Species Culm age Dependent variable a Coefficients b R 2 SEE Culm >1-year-old Branch Leaf P. pubescens Total Culm Current-year Branch Leaf Total Culm >1-year-old Branch Leaf Y=aD+bD 2 P. bambusoides Total Culm Current-year Branch Leaf Total Culm >1-year-old Branch Leaf P. nigra var. henonis Total Culm Current-year Branch Leaf Total

27 Linear model with DBH and height (Y=a+bD 2 H) Biomass equation form Species Culm age Dependent variable a Coefficients b R 2 SEE Culm >1-year-old Branch Leaf P. pubescens Total Culm Current-year Branch Leaf Total Culm >1-year-old Branch Leaf Y=a+bD 2 H P. bambusoides Total Culm Current-year Branch Leaf Total Culm >1-year-old Branch Leaf P. nigra var. henonis Total Culm Current-year Branch Leaf Total

28 Biomass production of three bamboo plantati on (Linear-quadratic model (Y=aD+bD2)) Biomass (Mg/ha) 6 4 P. pubescens P. pubescens P. bambusoides P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis P. nigra var. henonis 2 Culm Branch Leaf Total Culm Current- year Biomass (Mg/ha) Leaf Total >1- year- old 6 P. pubescens P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis P. pubescens P. bambusoides 4 Branch P. nigra var. henonis 2 Culm Branch Leaf Total aboveground Total Rhizome Root Total belowground Total

29 Belowground soil carbon and nitrogen stocks

30 Concentration and stocks of dead bamboo 12 N concentracon (g/kg) C concentracon (g/kg) 60 P. pubescens 55 P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis P. pubescens 8 Decay class 2 4 Decay class 3 Decay class 1 P. pubescens Decay class 3 P. pubescens P. bambusoides N stock (kg/ha) C stock (kg/ha) Decay class P. nigra var. henonis Decay class 1 40 P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis Decay class 1 Decay class 2 Decay class 3 Decay class 1 Decay class 2 Decay class 3

31 Concentration and stock of soil depth Soil depth (cm) Forest floor ~ 1 1~ 2 2~ P. pubescens P. pubescens P. bambusoides P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis P. nigra var. henonis ~ 20cm 2~ 30cm N stock (Mg/ha) C stock (Mg/ha) ~ 10cm Forest floor ~ 10cm 1~ 20cm 2~ 30cm P. pubescens P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis 25 N concentracon (g/kg) C concentracon (g/kg) Forest floor 5 P. pubescens P. bambusoides P. nigra var. henonis

32 Summary Ø The most suitable equation model to estimate biomass from three bamboo p lantations in a local level was a linear-quadratic model (Y=aD+bD2). Abovegr ound and belowground biomass were highest for P. pubescens, followed by P. bambusoides and P. nigra var. henonis plantations. Ø Carbon concentration and stocks in the forest floor, dead bamboo and miner al soil were not affected by different bamboo plantation development. Howev er, N concentration and stocks in forest floor and dead bamboo were differe nt among the three bamboo plantations of fertilizer application.

33 Summary Ø The result indicates that inherent growth characteristics of different bamb oo species are the most important factor to determine bamboo productivit y in a local scale. Ø Forest management systems such as fertilizer application may be crucial i n determining the N stocks of the forest floor and dead bamboo in differen t bamboo plantations.

34 Thank you!