The Cordgrasses (Sporobolus/Spartina)

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1 The Cordgrasses (Sporobolus/Spartina) 1) Smooth Cordgrass (Sporobolus alternifolius). 2) Saltmeadow Hay (Sporobolus pumila). 3) Tall Cordgrass (Sporobolus cynosuroides).

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3 Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator Perennial Graminoid Native to U.S. OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring and Summer Seeds, seedlings, transplants, and rhizomes.

4 Smooth Cordgrass (Sporobolus alternifolius) - aka Salt Cordgrass - high salinity tolerance (5 to 40psu) - high inundation tolerance (semi-diurnal inundation) - long lived perennial w/ rhizomatous root system

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6 Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass)

7 Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass)

8 MSLTime 1 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny

9 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny Time 1 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1

10 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny MSLTime 3 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1

11 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny MSLTime N MSLTime 3 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1

12 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny MSLTime N MSLTime 3 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1

13 Big cordgrass Sporobolus cynosuroides

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15 Saltmeadow Cordgrass (Sporobolus pumila) Summary Duration Growth Habit Perennial Graminoid U.S. Nativity Native to U.S. National Wetland Indicator FAC, OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period After Harvest Regrowth Rate Spring and Summer Slow Seeds, seedlings, transplants, and rhizomes.

16 Saltmeadow Cordgrass (Sporobolus pumila) - high salinity tolerance (0 to 30psu) - low inundation tolerance (weekly or twice monthly) - longlived perennial w/ rhizomatous root system

17 Salt grass (Distichlis spicata) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status Perennial Graminoid Native to U.S. National Wetland Indicator FAC+, FACW+ Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring, Summer, Fall Seeds, seedlings, transplants, and rhizomes.

18 Salt grass (Distichlis spicata) - high salinity tolerance (5 to 40psu) - medium inundation tolerance (semidiurnal) - longlived perennial w/ rhizomatous root system

19 Salt grass (Distichlis spicata)

20 Phragmites

21 Bac. Iva

22 Groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) - medium salinity tolerance (0 to 15psu) - low inundation tolerance (weekly of semi-monthly) - woody shrub

23 Groundsel tree

24 Groundsel tree Salt bush

25 Its a relative of ragweed!

26 Wax myrtle (Morella spp.) M. cerifera M. pensylvanica Morella cerifera: lves 8cm long X 2cm wide. Morella pensylvanica: lves 6mm long X 2cm wide.

27 Morella spp. Morella cerifera: fruit mm in diameter. Morella pensylvanica: fruit mm in diameter.

28 Morella spp. Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator Perennial Tree, Subshrub, Shrub Native to U.S. Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring and Summer Seeds, cuttings and seedlings

29 Tidal Freshwater Species

30 Yellow pond lily (Nuphar lutea)

31 Yellow pond lily (Nuphar lutea)

32 Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica)

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34 Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seeds, tubers, and seedlings

35 Pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata)

36 Pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seeds, seedlings, basal shoots, and rhizomes.

37 Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia) Sagittaria latifolia Sagittaria latifolia

38 Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia)

39 Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. National Wetland Indicator OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seed, seedlings, and tubers.

40 Polygonum spp. (knotweeds & smartweeds, 23 spp.) P. pennsylvaticum P. punctatum

41 Dotted smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)

42 Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum)

43 Smartweeds (Polygonum spp.) P. punctatum P. pensylvanicum

44 Polygonum spp. Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Annual, Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator FACW, OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Summer Seeds and seedlings.

45 Beggarticks (Bidens, 11 spp.)

46 Beggarticks (Bidens)

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48 Beggartick (Bidens spp.) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Annual, Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring, Summer, Fall

49 Three square and bullrushes Schoenoplectus (9) Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Schoenoplectus americanus Schoenoplectus etuberculatus Schoenoplectus pungens Schoenoplectus purshianus Schoenoplectus smithii var. levisetus Schoenoplectus subterminalis Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Schoenoplectus torreyi Scirpus (11) spp. Scirpus ancistrochaetus Scirpus atrovirens Scirpus cyperinus Scirpus divaricatus Scirpus expansus Scirpus flaccidifolius Scirpus georgianus Scirpus hattorianus Scirpus lineatus Scirpus pendulus Scirpus polyphyllus

50 Three square and bullrushes Schoenoplectus americanus Scirpus cyperinus

51 Three square and bullrushes Schoenoplectus americanus Scirpus cyperinus

52 Three square and bullrushes (Schoenoplectus and Scirpus spp.)

53 Three square and bullrushes

54 Three square and bullrushes (Schoenoplectus and Scirpus spp.) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Perennial Graminoid Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator FACW+, OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seeds, seedlings, and (some species) rhizomes

55 Rose mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos)

56 Rose mallow (H. moscheutos) (Althaea officinalis) Althaea officinalis originally used to make marshmellows

57 Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)

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59 Freshwater Trees Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum)

60 Dr. James E. Perry

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