Tidal Marshes. 1) Inundated by twice daily tides to monthly lunar tides. 2) Exposed to varying salt concentrations in water column (0 to 35ppt).
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1 Tidal Marshes 1) Inundated by twice daily tides to monthly lunar tides. 2) Exposed to varying salt concentrations in water column (0 to 35ppt). 3) Few vascular plant able to tolerate these stresses!
2 The Cordgrasses (Spartina) 1) Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alternifolia). 2) Saltmeadow Hay (Spartina patens). 3) Tall Cordgrass (Spartina cynosuroides).
3
4 Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alternifolia) - aka Salt Cordgrass - high salinity tolerance (5 to 40psu) - high inundation tolerance (semi-diurnal inundation) - long lived perennial w/ rhizomatous root system
5
6 MSLTime 1 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny
7 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny Time 1 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1
8 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny MSLTime 3 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1
9 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny MSLTime N MSLTime 3 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1
10 Salt Marsh Soil Ontogeny MSLTime N MSLTime 3 MSLTime 2 MSLTime 1
11 Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator Perennial Graminoid Native to U.S. OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring and Summer Seeds, seedlings, transplants, and rhizomes.
12
13 Saltmeadow Cordgrass (Spartina patens) - high salinity tolerance (0 to 30psu) - low inundation tolerance (weekly or twice monthly) - longlived perennial w/ rhizomatous root system
14 Saltmeadow Cordgrass (Spartina patens) Summary Duration Growth Habit Perennial Graminoid U.S. Nativity Native to U.S. National Wetland Indicator FAC, OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period After Harvest Regrowth Rate Spring and Summer Slow Seeds, seedlings, transplants, and rhizomes.
15 Salt grass (Distichlis spicata) - high salinity tolerance (5 to 40psu) - medium inundation tolerance (semidiurnal) - longlived perennial w/ rhizomatous root system
16 Salt grass (Distichlis spicata)
17 Salt grass (Distichlis spicata) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status Perennial Graminoid Native to U.S. National Wetland Indicator FAC+, FACW+ Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring, Summer, Fall Seeds, seedlings, transplants, and rhizomes.
18 Bac. Iva
19 Groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) - medium salinity tolerance (0 to 15psu) - low inundation tolerance (weekly of semi-monthly) - woody shrub
20 Groundsel tree
21 Groundsel tree Salt bush
22 Its a relative of ragweed!
23 Wax myrtle (Morella spp.) M. cerifera M. pensylvanica Morella cerifera: lves 8cm long X 2cm wide. Morella pensylvanica: lves 6mm long X 2cm wide.
24 Morella spp. Morella cerifera: fruit mm in diameter. Morella pensylvanica: fruit mm in diameter.
25 Morella spp. Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator Perennial Tree, Subshrub, Shrub Native to U.S. Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring and Summer Seeds, cuttings and seedlings
26 Freshwater Species
27 Yellow pond lily (Nuphar lutea)
28 Yellow pond lily (Nuphar lutea)
29 Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica)
30
31 Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seeds, tubers, and seedlings
32 Pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata)
33 Pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seeds, seedlings, basal shoots, and rhizomes.
34 Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia) Sagittaria latifolia Sagittaria latifolia
35 Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia)
36 Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Federal T/E Status Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. National Wetland Indicator OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seed, seedlings, and tubers.
37 Freshwater Species
38 Polygonum spp. (knotweeds & smartweeds, 23 spp.) P. pennsylvaticum P. punctatum
39 Dotted smartweed (Polygonum punctatum)
40 Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum)
41 Smartweeds (Polygonum spp.) P. punctatum P. pensylvanicum
42 Polygonum spp. Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Annual, Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator FACW, OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Summer Seeds and seedlings.
43 Beggarticks (Bidens, 11 spp.)
44 Beggarticks (Bidens)
45
46 Beggartick (Bidens spp.) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Annual, Perennial Forb/herb Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring, Summer, Fall
47 Three square and bullrushes Schoenoplectus (9) Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus Schoenoplectus americanus Schoenoplectus etuberculatus Schoenoplectus pungens Schoenoplectus purshianus Schoenoplectus smithii var. levisetus Schoenoplectus subterminalis Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Schoenoplectus torreyi Scirpus (11) spp. Scirpus ancistrochaetus Scirpus atrovirens Scirpus cyperinus Scirpus divaricatus Scirpus expansus Scirpus flaccidifolius Scirpus georgianus Scirpus hattorianus Scirpus lineatus Scirpus pendulus Scirpus polyphyllus
48 Three square and bullrushes Schoenoplectus americanus Scirpus cyperinus
49 Three square and bullrushes Schoenoplectus americanus Scirpus cyperinus
50 Three square and bullrushes (Schoenoplectus and Scirpus spp.)
51 Three square and bullrushes
52 Three square and bullrushes (Schoenoplectus and Scirpus spp.) Summary Duration Growth Habit U.S. Nativity Perennial Graminoid Native to U.S. Federal T/E Status National Wetland Indicator FACW+, OBL Morphology/Physiology Active Growth Period Spring Seeds, seedlings, and (some species) rhizomes
53 Rose mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos)
54 Rose mallow (H. moscheutos) (Althaea officinalis) Althaea officinalis originally used to make marshmellows
55 Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)
56
57 Freshwater Trees Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum)
58 Dr. James E. Perry
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